点叶菊属,中国菊科一新归化属（英文）

报道了中国菊科的新归化属种:点叶菊属(Porophyllum Guettard)点叶菊([P.ruderale(Jacquin)Cassini]。点叶菊属原产于美洲,这是本属植物在我国境内归化的首次记录。该种在许多地方表现出入侵性,建议加强动态监测。     

腔孢纲一新属——类腊肠茎点霉属

近年甘肃省河西走廊一带胡萝卜上发生一种叶斑病,严重时造成减产20%~30%。其病原物为丝分孢子真菌(半知菌)腔孢纲Coelomycetes中一未描述的真菌。该菌具有分生孢子器,但其形态与相似属茎点霉属Phoma、鞘茎点霉属Coleophoma和拟腊肠茎点霉属Allantophomopsis不同,遂建立类腊肠茎点霉属Allantophomoides(新属);其模式种为胡萝卜类腊肠茎点霉Allantophomoidescarotae(新种)。研究的标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

腔孢纲一新属--类腊肠茎点霉属

近年甘肃省河西走廊一带胡萝卜上发生一种叶斑病,严重时造成减产20%~30%.其病原物为丝分孢子真菌(半知菌)腔孢纲Coelomycetes中一未描述的真菌.该菌具有分生孢子器,但其形态与相似属茎点霉属Phoma、鞘茎点霉属Coleophoma和拟腊肠茎点霉属Allantophomopsis不同,遂建立类腊肠茎点霉属Allantophomoides(新属);其模式种为胡萝卜类腊肠茎点霉Allantophomoides carotae(新种).研究的标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP).     

腔孢纲—新属——类腊肠茎点霉属

近年甘肃省河西走廊一带胡萝卜上发生一种叶斑病,严重时造成减产20%-30%。其病原物为丝分孢子真菌(半知菌)腔孢纲Coelomycetes中一未描述的真菌。该菌具有分生孢子器,但其形态与相似属茎点霉属Phoma、鞘茎点霉属Coleophoma和拟腊肠茎点霉属Allantophomopsis不同,遂建立类腊肠茎点霉Allantophomoides(新属);其模式种为胡萝卜类腊肠茎点霉Allantophomoides carotae(新种)。研究的标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

内蒙古东部线叶菊草地生物量与净第一性生产力的初步研究

 线叶菊草地总地上生物量的增长规律符合Logistic增长,最大值出现在8月中旬,为198.15g／m2。返青后,线叶菊较同群落内的禾草和杂类草提前达到其生物量最大值。线叶菊、禾草和杂类草的地上生物量的增长与降水量和≥5℃积温呈显著或极显著正相关。地下生物量的季节变化曲线大致为“U”字形,最低值出现在8月中旬,而在早春和秋末时期地下生物量基本相等。地下生物量最大值出现在10月中旬,为1608.5g／m2(干物质)。该草地地上部分净第一性生产力为256.74gm2·a,地下部分为599.51g／m2·a(干物重计)。将生长季内以凋落物形式损失的生物量计算在内,得到的地上净第一性生产力比用极大现存量法估测的结果高出29.57%。     

木兰属(Magnolia)系统发育探讨

在传统的形态解剖基础上 ,结合木兰科 (Magnoliaceae)种子内种皮合点区呈孔状或管状的新的分类依据 ,探讨了木兰属 (Magnolia)的系统发育 ,并提出了木兰属内可能的演化途径。     

10种菊属(Dendranthema)植物的细胞学研究

对菊属(Dendranthema)在中国分布的10种20个居群的材料进行了细胞学研究,首次报道了异色菊(2n＝18,36)、银背菊(2n＝56)、楔叶菊(2n＝18,72)的染色体数目和核型,以及蒙菊(2n＝18)的染色体数目新纪录,并结合前人的工作,分析了菊属的核型特征和演化趋势,及其与该属分类群的关系。     

刺瓜属——中国葫芦科一归化属

报道了中国葫芦科一归化属———刺瓜属     

广西维管植物五新记录属

该文报道了广西维管植物5个新记录属和种，即双角草属(Diodia L.)、伏金腰箭属(Calyptocarpus Less.)、兔儿伞属(Syneilesis Maxim.)、凤头黍属(Acroceras Stapf)和落芒草属(Piptatherum P. Beauv.),以及隶属于该5属的双角草(Diodia virginiana L.)、金腰箭舅(Calyptocarpus vialis Less.)、兔儿伞[Syneilesis aconitifolia(Bunge) Maxim.]、山鸡谷草[Acroceras tonkinense(Balansa) C. E. Hubbard ex Bor]和钝颖落芒草(Piptatherum kuoi S. M. Phillips&Z. L. Wu)。其中双角草和金腰箭舅为归化种，文中提供了2个新归化种的形态描述和照片，并对其入侵性给予了评估；兔儿伞、山鸡谷草和钝颖落芒草为本土植物，提供了其特征集要描述和照片，并对其生物地理学意义进行了讨论。     

中国大陆葫芦科一归化属--野胡瓜属

报道了中国大陆葫芦科—归化属—野胡瓜属。     

桑黄孔菌属的研究进展

历来"桑黄"的种类混淆不清,直至近年来才被确定为桑树桑黄,与其亲缘性相近的物种也一同被划分入广义纤孔菌属的新分支—桑黄孔菌属。本文整理曾被当作"桑黄"的物种,阐述其正名和桑黄孔菌属确立的过程,对目前该属内物种的生物活性和栽培研究进展进行综述,旨在为桑黄孔菌属真菌资源的研究开发提供参考。     

Molecular phylogeny of the genus Stereocaulon (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized ascomycetes)

In the present study phylogenetic relationships of the genus Stereocaulon (lichenized ascomycetes) were examined using DNA sequences from the ITS1–5.8 S–ITS2 rDNA gene cluster and from the protein-coding β-tubulin gene. In addition to the fruticose species traditionally classified in Stereocaulon, representatives of the crustose species that have recently been transferred to the genus were included. Muhria, a monotypic genus that is morphologically similar to Stereocaulon, differing only in apothecia ontogeny, was also incorporated. The analyses included 101 specimens from the ingroup representing 49 taxa. Sequences from both DNA regions were analysed simultaneously using direct optimization under the parsimony optimality criterion. The results support the inclusion of the crustose species and Muhria in Stereocaulon, while the current infrageneric classification is not supported. As Muhria is securely nested within Stereocaulon the new combination Stereocaulon urceolatum comb. nov. (syn. Muhria urceolata) is made. Further, species concepts need to be re-examined, as some species do not appear as monophyletic entities in the phylogeny.     

Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov., isolated from mussels

As part of a study carried out for detecting Arcobacter spp. in shellfish, three mussel isolates that were Gram-negative slightly curved rods, non-spore forming, showed a new 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern with a specific identification method for the species of this genus. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and those of the housekeeping genes rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 provided evidence that these mussel strains belonged to an unknown genetic lineage within the genus Arcobacter. The similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the representative strain (F79-6^T) and type strains of the other Arcobacter species ranged between 94.1% with A. halophilus and 99.1% with the recently proposed species A. defluvii (CECT 7697^T). DDH results between strain F79-6^T and the type strain of the latter species were below 70% (53 ± 3.0%). Phenotypic characteristics together with MALDITOF mass spectra differentiated the new mussel strains from all other Arcobacter species. All the results indicate that these strains represent a new species, for which the name Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov. with the type strain F79-6^T (=CECT 7837^T = LMG 26155^T) is proposed.     

Addition and reexamination of Japanese species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera. IX. Newly recorded species from Japan (4)

Pseudocercospora cyatheae C. Nakash. & S. Inaba on Cyathea sp. as a new species is described. Three species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera are newly added to the mycoflora of Japan. They are Cercospora armoraciae on Armoracia rusticana, Passalora passaloroides on Amorpha fruticosa, and Pseudocercospora nogalesii on Cytisus scoparius.     

Trichosporon insectorum sp. nov., a new anamorphic basidiomycetous killer yeast

Three killer yeasts, isolated from the gut of insects in Panama and artisanal cheese in Brazil, were shown to be related to the Ovoides clade of the genus Trichosporon. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA and physiological characterization revealed a distinct taxonomic position in relation to known species of the genus. Conspecificity of the three killer isolates was reinforced by similar M13 fingerprinting and killer profiles. We propose a new species in this genus: Trichosporon insectorum. The type strain is CBS 10422^T (syn. NRRL Y-48120). This anamorphic species produces arthroconidia but not appressoria, and its killer character seems to be associated with dsRNA.     

Phylogeny of the avian genus Pitohui and the evolution of toxicity in birds

Bird species in the avian genus Pitohui contain potent neurotoxic alkaloids that may be used for defense. The genus comprises multiple species that are endemic to New Guinea and were presumed to belong to the family Pachycephalidae or Colluricinclidae, within the core corvoidea, an ancient Australasian radiation of crow-like birds. In order to understand the evolution of toxicity within the genus Pitohui, we sequenced three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene segments and reconstructed a phylogeny of the genus Pitohui and its putative relatives. We show that the genus Pitohui is polyphyletic, and consists of five different lineages. Using Bayesian ancestral state reconstruction, we estimate that toxicity likely evolved multiple times within this group. Furthermore, because the morphological and behavioral similarity among these poisonous birds appears to have evolved convergently, we hypothesize that this may be a possible example of Müllerian mimicry in birds. The Morningbird of Palau, Micronesia, that has often been included in the genus Pitohui, actually belongs in the genus Pachycephala and offers an intriguing case of pronounced evolution on a remote oceanic island.     

The genus Setulipes (Marasmiaceae) in Madagascar and the Mascarenes, including a key to other African taxa

The authors report first records for the genus Setulipes in Madagascar, with the presence of Setulipes cf. hakgalensis and two new species, Setulipes funaliformis and S. moreaui, as well as a new species from Mauritius: S. mauritiensis. A key to these taxa, as well as to other African species, is supplied.     

黄枝衣科中国新记录属和种

报道了中国黄枝衣科(Teloschistaceae)的一中国新记录属粉黄衣属(新拟)(Xanthomendoza)和一中国新记录种漫粉黄衣(新拟)(Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes)及石黄衣属(Xanthoria)的一新记录种裂芽黄衣(新拟)(Xanthoria calcicola)。对漫粉黄衣的ITS序列进行了测定和系统发育分析,并对相关类群的形态和分子数据进行了讨论。对2新记录种的形态特征、生境与分布进行了详细描述,并提供了形态特征图。     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之四石蕊属地衣新种及中国新记录

摘要:本文报道了中国横断山地区石蕊属地衣12种,其中新种1个:贡嘎石蕊(Cladonia ngganensis S.Y. Guo & Wei),中国新记录11种:类黄粉石蕊(Cl. bacilliformis),比蒙氏石(Cl. beaumontii),小棍棒石蕊(Cl. clavulifera),圆筒石蕊(Cl. cylindrica),具粉石蕊(Cl. farinacea),北海道石蕊(Cl. hokkaidensis),厚叶石蕊(Cl. incrassata),大叶石蕊(Cl. macrophylla),丛杯石蕊( Cl. mateocyatha),多孔石蕊(Cl. multiformis)和亚石蕊(Cl. subrangiformis)。对于每一种的化学成分及地理分布进行了测定和分析。     

A new fungal genus, Teracosphaeria, with a phialophora-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota)

The new genus and species Teracosphaeria petroica is described for a perithecial ascomycete and its anamorph occurring on decayed wood collected in New Zealand. The fungus produces immersed, non-stromatic ceratosphaeria-like perithecia in nature, with hyaline, septate ascospores produced in unitunicate, non-amyloid asci. The anamorph produced in vitro is phialophora-like with lightly pigmented phialides terminating in flaring, deep collarettes that are often noticeably brown with conspicuous periclinal thickening. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU rDNA sequence data indicates that this fungus is distinct from morphologically similar fungi classified in the Chaetosphaeriales, the Trichosphaeriales or the Magnaporthaceae. It forms a monophyletic group with recently described, chaetosphaeria-like ascomycetes, such as the pyrenomycete genus Mirannulata, and shows affinity with the anamorphic species Dictyochaeta cylindrospora. The usefulness of describing anamorph genera for morphologically reduced anamorphs, when anamorph characteristics are actually part of the holomorph diagnosis, is discussed. An apparently contradictory example of the so-called Cordana and Pseudobotrytis anamorphs of Porosphaerella spp. is also discussed.