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1.
南汇东滩湿地围垦水域内浮游动物群落结构的变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2010年10月-2011年7月对南汇东滩围垦水域和坝外自然水域的浮游动物进行调查,研究了两水域内浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性等生态学特征参数的季节变化,并初步探讨了围垦内外水域浮游动物群落的结构差异,及其与盐度、水温和人类活动等环境因子的关系.结果表明:围垦水域和坝外自然水域共检获浮游动物30种,其中围垦水域浮游动物24种,以轮虫的种类数最多;坝外自然水域浮游动物14种,其中桡足类占绝对优势.围垦水域浮游动物的年平均丰度明显高于坝外自然水域,年平均生物量则相反.围垦水域以角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和广布中剑水蚤等淡水种为主要优势种,而坝外自然水域则以中华华哲水蚤、火腿许水蚤和虫肢歪水蚤等河口半咸水种为主要优势种,且两水域优势种均存在季节更替.坝外水域浮游动物Shannon多样性指数(H)值和Pielou均匀度指数(J)值均明显高于围垦水域,Margalef丰富度指数(d)值和单纯度指数(C)值低于围垦水域.群落聚类和MDS结果表明,围垦水域浮游动物的群落结构与坝外自然水域存在明显差异.围垦是引起被围水域浮游动物群落结构变化的主要原因,盐度、潮汐动力等是导致动物群落结构改变的主要环境因子.  相似文献   

2.
崇明东滩人工湿地春季水鸟群落结构及其生境分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
崇明东滩处于独特的地理位置,拥有辽阔的滩涂和丰富的湿地资源,是亚太地区候鸟迁徙路线上的重要驿站。然而崇明东滩也是上海促淤圈围重点区域之一,且围垦后滩涂用作多种农业、工业发展,导致当地植物群落和滩涂湿地结构的改变,从而直接造成了鸟类生物多样性的明显下降,因此东滩湿地保护人员采取了修复和优化的治理措施,但治理同时也将自然滩涂改造成人工湿地。本研究将改造后自然滩涂作为研究不同类型人工湿地的水鸟群落结构及其生境关系的研究区域,并把研究区域分为4种不同类型人工湿地,捕鱼港优化区即一期工程(已修复)、鸟类栖息地优化区即二期工程(修复中)、人工鱼蟹塘、耀全农场。本研究目的在于分析这4种不同类型人工湿地中鸟类群落特征并寻找影响鸟类对生境利用的主要因子,同时考虑修复优化工程的保育功能,对不同管理模式下的人工湿地进行研究,从而对湿地改造提出科学的建议。由于前期大量研究表明春季鸟类数量和种类较丰富,能够较好地反映崇明东滩湿地生态现状。因此从2013年3月下旬至5月上旬在大潮期和小潮期分别对上述4种不同类型人工湿地进行了鸟类及其生境因子调查。此次鸟类调查采用样点法,共统计到水鸟2357只,隶属于6目11科45种,其中斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)、红骨顶(Gallinula chloropus)、金眶鸻(Charadrius dubius)、环颈鸻(C.alexandrinus)、牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)、鹤鹬(Tringa erythropus)、林鹬(T.glareola)等25种鸟为优势种。非参数检验分析表明,春季这4类人工湿地水鸟种类、密度、多样性均有显著性差异,一期工程内水鸟的种类、密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数都为最大。对生境因子与鸟类群落特征进行相关分析,根据非参数检验的结果得出裸露浅滩面积、水域面积、生境小岛个数是影响水鸟分布的关键因子,为此对鸟类栖息地优化区的修复及其完善提出科学建议。  相似文献   

3.
滩涂围垦和土地利用对土壤微生物群落的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
林黎  崔军  陈学萍  方长明 《生态学报》2014,34(4):899-906
土壤微生物在生态系统营养物质循环过程,特别是碳、氮循环过程中扮演着重要的角色。上海市崇明岛位于长江入海口,因其土壤发育时间较短、土地利用历史背景清晰、土壤本底均一,不同土壤围垦年代的土壤,代表了土壤发育年代的不同时期。以空间变化代替时间变化,对崇明岛稻田和旱地6个不同围垦年代土壤的磷酸脂肪酸(PLFA)指纹图谱研究表明,湿地滩涂围垦16a后土壤微生物总PLFA、细菌PLFA、革兰氏阳性菌(G+)PLFA和革兰氏阴性菌(G-)PLFA含量显著降低。随着围垦时间的逐步增加,PLFA含量逐步上升。经过长时间的农业种植,G+PLFA在围垦120a和300a稻田和旱地土壤中没有显著性差异;而总PLFA、细菌和G-PLFA在围垦75、120a和300a的土壤中含量趋于稳定且没有显著性差异。围垦16a和40a稻田土壤中总PLFA和G+PLFA显著高于旱地土壤;围垦40a稻田土壤中细菌和G-PLFA显著高于旱地土壤。不同围垦年代土壤总PLFA、细菌PLFA与土壤总氮、粘土含量成显著的正相关关系。河口湿地围垦后微生物数量的变化与土壤营养含量存在强烈相关关系,提示土壤围垦及演替过程中微生物与土壤肥力之间的紧密关系,对探讨土壤演替过程中微生物群落的变化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
海岸带湿地是生物多样性最丰富、生产力最高、最具价值的生态系统之一。然而近年来,随着城市化和工业化进程的加快,我国海岸带地区的土地利用正发生深刻变化,生态风险凸显。利用2000、2005、2010和2015年的Landsat TM/ETM+和Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像,融合行政区划图与地形图,并引入一个评价多元海洋、海岸带利用对栖息地造成风险的模型,即Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(In VEST)模型中的栖息地风险评价(Habitat Risk Assessment,HRA),模型评价闽三角海岸带滩涂湿地的生态风险。结果表明:(1)闽三角海岸带滩涂湿地风险以低风险为主;(2)泉州地区的风险面积最大(约4389.91 hm~2),漳州地区最小(约4630.73 hm~2);(3)修正面积影响的情况下,其他建设用地造成的暴露和影响较大,耕地造成的暴露和影响最小。不同区域滩涂湿地风险程度的可视化表达,可以揭示滩涂湿地高风险地区以及高风险的产生原因,便于管理者对滩涂湿地采取精准的保育措施。  相似文献   

5.
沿海滩涂围垦对生态环境的影响研究进展   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
徐彩瑶  濮励杰  朱明 《生态学报》2018,38(3):1148-1162
沿海滩涂湿地生态系统,典型的生态脆弱区,既是地球表面最为活跃的自然区域,又承载着人类的生存与发展,其生态环境面临着巨大压力。在社会经济发展和人口增长的推动下,沿海国家大力从海洋中争夺陆地,围填海造地和围垦开发成为许多沿海地区和国家缓解人地矛盾的主要方法。在此背景下,对沿海滩涂围垦历史进行简述,从滩涂土壤性质、生物多样性、土地利用变化及景观格局、生态安全和生态系统服务等5个方面综述了人类围垦活动的生态环境影响。随着围垦时间的增加,滩涂土壤在脱盐过程中累积养分,逐渐熟化,土壤物理、化学和生物特性朝着有利于人类利用的方向变化;植物物种多样性呈不断增加的总体趋势,且随着生境的变化,陆生昆虫和土壤动物逐渐替代湿地典型的底栖动物和水鸟;土地利用方式从自然状态转变为以人工方式为主,景观格局表现为破碎化程度升高、多样性降低和优势度上升;从自然景观为主的自然湿地生态系统转为以人工景观为主的人工陆地生态系统过程中,供给服务的价值是唯一处于增长趋势的生态系统服务功能,但供给服务的价值增加量小于调节服务、文化服务和支持服务的减少量致使生态系统服务总价值降低,而且滩涂湿地面临着土地资源安全、水资源安全、生物入侵以及自然灾害加剧等风险。在全球气候变化背景下,如何权衡资源利用与环境保护并实现人与自然共生,是海岸带湿地生态系统在人类围垦活动中面临的重要难题之一。因此,未来应以机理研究为基础,以长期定位监测为手段,以综合集成的研究体系及对策制定为目标,不断深化沿海滩涂开发利用对生态环境影响的研究,为推动人类围垦活动下沿海滩涂湿地生态系统的可持续发展提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨滩涂围垦对海滨地区景观格局带来的影响,选取1973—2013年Landsat1、4、5、7、8影像数据,利用GIS(Geographic Information System)、RS(Remote Sensing)和景观指数计算方法,对盐城国家级自然保护区(川东港-新洋港段)已围垦区和未围垦区,以及典型垦区(海丰、海北和金丰垦区)围垦前后景观变化情况进行对比分析。1973—2013年研究区围垦特征如下:以10a为间隔,围垦区域平行于海岸线呈条带状向海推进,且条带逐渐变窄;围垦难度逐渐加大,总体上围垦强度呈减小趋势,过程上围垦面积呈升降交替状态;围垦后垦区利用方式各异,主要以种植业和养殖业为主。受围垦影响该区景观格局变化如下:1973—2013年,未围区(Ⅰ区)自然植被面积增加4762 hm2,斑块形状日益复杂、自然,分维数由1.10上升到1.15,景观破碎化水平较低,在0.17—0.21之间,多样性指数由1.11上升至1.52;已围区(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区)自然植被面积不断减少,分别减少了9873、13788 hm2和6890 hm2,斑块形状更加简单、规则,分维数分别下降了0.03、0.03和0.02,破碎化程度分别上升了0.21、0.23和0.17,多样性均先升后降,升幅约0.8,降幅约0.5。海北、海丰、金丰垦区自然景观不断向人工景观转移,海北和海丰垦区斑块形状不断趋于简单规则,形状指数分别下降0.8和0.5,而金丰垦区形状指数上升0.4,景观破碎度方面分别呈\"升—降—升\"、\"降—升—降\"和\"升—降\"趋势。围垦前,各垦区景观面积和斑块形状变化差异不大,而景观破碎度变化差异明显;围垦期间各垦区景观格局变化一致;围垦后,各垦区除非受新一轮人类活动干扰,其景观格局基本维持围垦末期状态。  相似文献   

7.
为了解杭州湾及钱塘江河口区域围垦过程中多种人工湿地对于鸟类的作用及在快速的土地利用方式转变过程中鸟类的响应过程,2008年11月至2011年9月,作者对上虞曹娥江口至镇海甬江口沿岸滨海湿地鸟类资源进行调查,共记录鸟类16目52科220种,其中候鸟173种,占总数的78.6%,属于国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物的24种.对研究区域的8种生境的鸟类群落组成、多样性及相似性进行了比较.结果表明,记录物种数较多的生境依次为芦苇水塘(95种,占总数的43.2%)、海涂林地(93种,占总数的42.3%)、自然潮间带和海涂水库(均为78种,各占总数的35.5%),其他生境的物种数均不少于67种(占总数的30.5%以上);从不同鸟类类群的分布看,82.5%的鸻鹬类分布在自然潮间带,69.2%的雁形目鸟类出现在海涂水库,73.4%的雀形目鸟类分布在海涂林地,海涂林地也是大量鹭鸟的繁殖场所;与自然潮间带相似性系数最高的生境依次为围垦滞留区、海涂水库和芦苇水塘,相似性系数分别为0.56、0.34和0.30;从整体上看,海涂林地和海涂水库的鸟类群落G-F指数最高,自然潮间带最低,但水鸟G-F指数最高的生境类型依次为围垦滞留区、海涂水库和自然潮间带.围垦是目前对杭州湾鸟类动态影响最大的人为干扰活动,适度围垦和合理的垦后土地利用方式可能提高整个区域的鸟类多样性水平.为了有效保护杭州湾鸟类多样性尤其是依赖自然潮间带的鸟类多样性,应加强对滩涂资源的保护与可持续利用;在滩涂围垦过程中应尽量保留足够数量和面积的高潮停歇地;同时,加强对围垦滞留区的水位管理,并注重营造适合鸟类栖息的类型多样的围区人工湿地系统.  相似文献   

8.
本文运用样线法结合样方法调查了潮间带、碱蓬荒草丛及芦苇沼泽湿地等自然生境,沿海虾池、水稻田及涵养防护林带等人工生境的鸟类群落结构。结果表明:鸟类物种数、物种多样性和科、属多样性均以芦苇沼泽湿地最高,分别为126种、4.078和0.747;水稻田最低,分别为41种、2.436、0.381。β相似性系数矩阵分析表明,潮间带与沿海虾池鸟种相似性系数最高,为0.512,潮间带与涵养防护林带相似性系数最低,为0.024。从调查结果来看,应加强芦苇沼泽湿地的保护,减少水稻田的开发,适当把碱蓬荒草丛开发为沿海虾池,以发挥湿地最大的生态效益。  相似文献   

9.
王成  周诗薇  刘红玉  李玉凤 《生态学报》2023,43(22):9193-9205
作为新设立的世界自然遗产地,盐城滨海湿地水鸟栖息地保护受到广泛关注。鉴于该区域在全球生物多样性与水鸟栖息地保护中重要性,针对具有空间隔离特征的水鸟栖息地开展网络稳定性研究,对提高遗产地栖息地保护质量具有重要的示范意义。基于此,利用复杂网络理论、生态踏脚石原理和电流模型,分析了盐城滨海湿地多类群水鸟栖息地网络结构现状及不同情景下网络鲁棒性。研究结果显示,三类水鸟重要生境区主要分布在各栖息地内部以及大丰至条子泥栖息地一带,其中,北部生境区数量为18个,南部生境区6个。北部生境区总面积相当于南部生境区的1/2,而平均面积仅相当于1/6。从踏脚石分布来看,其主要分布在重要生境区附近,不同栖息地存在差异。研究区踏脚石网络由35个重要节点和153个一般节点组成,南北部网络结构要素存在差异。最佳保护情景下,网络鲁棒性表现较好,中心度值大的节点对整个网络连通性的支撑作用良好。提出了栖息地网络优化方案。  相似文献   

10.
2015年5月至2016年4月对长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构进行监测,分析了该生境下底栖动物群落物种组成和多样性的月变化.结果表明: 芦苇株高和盖度均在3—8月逐渐增大,9月后逐渐降低;芦苇密度和地上生物量(干质量)均在7月达到最大值.调查期间,共发现大型无脊椎底栖动物20种(包括2种鉴定到属,2种鉴定到科).其中,腹足纲种类最多,有11种(包括1种鉴定到属);软甲纲有5种;昆虫纲和多毛纲均只有2种.以緋拟沼螺、堇拟沼螺和尖锥似蟹守螺等为主要优势种.从生活型来看,底上附着型种类数最多(11种),其次为穴居型(5种)和底内型(4种).大型底栖动物密度和生物量存在明显的季节或月变化,夏季(8月)出现全年最高值.Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)和Shannon指数(H)月份间差异显著,Pielou均匀度指数(J)月份间差异不显著(除11月).大型底栖动物群落在42%相似性水平上划分为3个群聚.从非度量多维标序(nMDS)排序图可知,5月、10—11月与其他月份差异较大.水温、芦苇地下生物量和盐度等环境因子对于底栖动物密度变化具有一定影响,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05).受人类活动的持续影响,长江口东滩湿地芦苇生境底栖动物群落物种多样性有所下降,芦苇生境价值急需重视.  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Coastal armouring and the reclamation of intertidal areas through the use of seawalls and other artificial structures has been practiced for thousands of years, but its recent expansion in China and elsewhere in Asia has been unprecedented in its rate and intensity. One result has been the recent loss of nearly two‐thirds of tidal flats in the Yellow Sea, a globally unique ecosystem of high ecological value. The severe effects on biodiversity of the recent large‐scale coastal land claim activities in China are well documented, yet some recent studies have emphasized the ecological opportunities provided by such artificial coastal infrastructure in China, in some cases suggesting that the ecological impacts of coastal infrastructure should be reconsidered due to benefits to some rocky shore species in a changing climate. This is cause for concern because, while studying the “new ecology” arising from coastal modification is useful, broad conclusions around the ecological role or conservation gains from seawall construction without adequate contextualization underplays the ecological consequences of large‐scale coastal land claim, and could potentially undermine efforts to achieve biodiversity conservation. Here, we clarify the characteristics of seawall construction in China and summarize the environmental damage and some broadscale impacts caused by this type of infrastructure expansion on the endangered Yellow Sea tidal flats ecosystem. We also highlight the urgent need for all coastal development plans to consider how coastal wetlands and ecosystem functionality can be maximally retained within the development precinct.  相似文献   

12.
李京梅  刘铁鹰 《生态学报》2012,32(22):7146-7155
围填海造地的生态损害是指围填海造地所引致的海洋生态系统服务功能的下降,包括生物资源消失、生态调节功能减弱以及生物栖息地破坏等。针对胶州湾围填海造地规模及其生态影响,使用生境等价分析法,对围填海造地的资源和生态服务功能的受损程度和补偿规模进行了评估。结果表明,1988-2005年胶州湾填海造地的资源生态受损程度为41.33%,以退田还海作为修复工程,修复期为8a,在5%的折现率水平下,修复工程的规模应为22.47 km2,才能使被填海域的生态服务功能恢复到初始水平。这一结论可作为地方政府对胶州湾围填海造地实施生态修复建设和生态补偿管理的技术依据。  相似文献   

13.
    
Identifying migration routes and fall stopover sites of Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium) can provide a spatial guide to management and conservation efforts, and address vulnerabilities in wetland networks that support migratory waterbirds. Using high spatiotemporal resolution GPS‐GSM transmitters, we analyzed 61 fall migration tracks across western North America during our three‐year study (2017–2019). We marked Cinnamon Teal primarily during spring/summer in important breeding and molting regions across seven states (California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, and Nevada). We assessed fall migration routes and timing, detected 186 fall stopover sites, and identified specific North American ecoregions where sites were located. We classified underlying land cover for each stopover site and measured habitat selection for 12 land cover types within each ecoregion. Cinnamon Teal selected a variety of flooded habitats including natural, riparian, tidal, and managed wetlands; wet agriculture (including irrigation ditches, flooded fields, and stock ponds); wastewater sites; and golf and urban ponds. Wet agriculture was the most used habitat type (29.8% of stopover locations), and over 72% of stopover locations were on private land. Relatively scarce habitats such as wastewater ponds, tidal marsh, and golf and urban ponds were highly selected in specific ecoregions. In contrast, dry non‐habitat across all ecoregions, and dry agriculture in the Cold Deserts and Mediterranean California ecoregions, was consistently avoided. Resources used by Cinnamon Teal often reflected wetland availability across the west and emphasize their adaptability to dynamic resource conditions in arid landscapes. Our results provide much needed information on spatial and temporal resource use by Cinnamon Teal during migration and indicate important wetland habitats for migrating waterfowl in the western United States.  相似文献   

14.
    
The loss and degradation of mangrove forests have triggered global restoration efforts to support biodiversity and ecosystem services, including fish stock enhancement. As mangrove restoration accelerates, it is important to evaluate outcomes for species that play functional roles in ecosystems and support services, yet this remains a clear knowledge gap. There is remarkably little information, for example, about how fish use of mangroves varies as restored vegetation matures, hampering efforts to include fisheries benefits in natural capital assessments of restoration. We used unbaited underwater cameras within two distinct zones of mangrove forests—fringe and interior—at five pairs of restored-natural mangrove sites of increasing age from restoration in southeast Queensland, Australia. We used deep learning to automatically extract data for the four most common species: yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis), sea mullet (Mugil cephalus), common toadfish (Tetractenos hamiltoni), and common silverbiddy (Gerres subfasciatus). The abundance of these species varied among sites and zones, but was equal or greater in restored sites compared to paired natural sites. Despite younger restored sites having dramatically lower structural vegetation complexity, abundances did not increase with restoration site maturity. Furthermore, while yellowfin bream and sea mullet were more abundant in the fringe zone, we observed similarities in how fish used fringe and interior zones across all sites. Our paired, space-for-time design provides a powerful test of restoration outcomes for fish, highlighting that even newly restored sites with immature vegetation are readily utilized by key fish species.  相似文献   

15.
    
The Anthropocene has witnessed catastrophic amphibian declines across the globe. A multitude of new, primarily human‐induced drivers of decline may lead to extinction, but can also push species onto novel evolutionary trajectories. If these are recognized by amphibian biologists, they can be engaged in conservation actions. Here, we summarize how principles stemming from evolutionary concepts have been applied for conservation purposes, and address emerging ideas at the vanguard of amphibian conservation science. In particular, we examine the consequences of increased drift and inbreeding in small populations and their implications for practical conservation. We then review studies of connectivity between populations at the landscape level, which have emphasized the limiting influence of anthropogenic structures and degraded habitat on genetic cohesion. The rapid pace of environmental changes leads to the central question of whether amphibian populations can cope either by adapting to new conditions or by shifting their ranges. We gloomily conclude that extinction seems far more likely than adaptation or range shifts for most species. That said, conservation strategies employing evolutionary principles, such as selective breeding, introduction of adaptive variants through translocations, ecosystem interventions aimed at decreasing phenotype–environment mismatch, or genetic engineering, may effectively counter amphibian decline in some areas or for some species. The spread of invasive species and infectious diseases has often had disastrous consequences, but has also provided some premier examples of rapid evolution with conservation implications. Much can be done in terms of setting aside valuable amphibian habitat that should encompass both natural and agricultural areas, as well as designing protected areas to maximize the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the amphibian community. We conclude that an explicit consideration and application of evolutionary principles, although certainly not a silver bullet, should increase effectiveness of amphibian conservation in both the short and long term.  相似文献   

16.
    
The African White-backed Vulture Gyps africanus is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa but populations are in decline. Loss of suitable habitat for foraging and breeding are among the most important causes, and future conservation will require identification of suitable remaining habitat and the threats to it and to the vultures in it. Like many large raptors, African White-backed Vultures have a long breeding cycle and thus spend much of each year near their nest site, but ecological correlates of nest sites have not been quantified for any African vulture species. We use nest-site data for African White-backed Vultures collected during aerial and ground surveys and habitat data derived from a GIS to develop statistical models that estimate the probability of nest presence in relation to habitat characteristics, and test these models against an independent dataset. The models predicted that both direct and indirect disturbance by humans limit the potential distribution. Suitable habitat needs to be identified and receive adequate protection from poaching. Poaching of vultures is thought to be mainly for use in traditional medicine and does not target any particular species, so all vulture species can be considered equally at risk. We predict the likelihood of individuals nesting in currently unprotected areas should they become protected. These predictions show that readily available GIS data combined with relatively simple statistical modelling can provide meaningful large-scale predictions of habitat availability.  相似文献   

17.
Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of the sand pocket mouse Chaetodipus arenarius. The mean number of alleles per locus was 11.53 (range five to 19) and the average observed heterozygosity was 0.764 (range 0.121 to 1.0). The markers will be used for detecting the impact of human-induced habitat fragmentation on patterns of gene flow, genetic structure, and extinction risk. In addition, these markers will be useful across the genus because most of the loci cross-amplified and were polymorphic in three other species of Chaetodipus.  相似文献   

18.
1. Conservation of the federally endangered Roanoke logperch (Percina rex, Jordan and Evermann) necessitates protection of habitat that is critical for all age classes. We examined habitat use patterns of individual logperch to determine: (1) if age classes of logperch in the Nottoway and Roanoke Rivers exhibit habitat selectivity, (2) if age classes differ in habitat use, and (3) if ontogenetic patterns of habitat use differ between the Roanoke and Nottoway river populations. 2. In the summers of 2000 and 2001, we observed 17 young‐of‐year (YOY) logperch [<4 cm total length (TL)], 13 subadult logperch (4–8 cm TL), and 49 adult logperch (>8 cm TL) in the upper Roanoke River, and 40 subadult and 39 adult logperch in the Nottoway River, Virginia. 3. All size classes of Roanoke logperch demonstrated habitat selectivity and logperch used a wide range of habitats in the Roanoke and Nottoway rivers during ontogeny. Habitat use by logperch varied among age classes and between rivers. 4. In the Roanoke River, adult and subadult logperch primarily preferred run and riffle habitat, often over gravel substrate. Subadults were found in lower water velocities and slightly more embedded microhabitats than adults. YOY logperch were found in shallow, stagnant backwaters and secondary channels. In the Nottoway River, both adult and subadult logperch were found over sand and gravel in deep, low‐velocity pools and runs. Subadults were observed in slightly more silted, lower velocity habitat than adults. Shifts in habitat use were more distinct between age classes in the Roanoke River than the Nottoway River. 5. Successful conservation of this species will involve sound understanding of spatial variation in habitat use over logperch life history and preservation of the ecological processes that preserve required habitat mosaics.  相似文献   

19.
城市湿地公园具有与湿地类似的生态功能和典型特征,对城市地区的生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文对不同地区的城市湿地公园进行研究,包括不同气候类型、使用年份和面积大小等不同方面,并对野生动物栖息地特别是鸟类栖息地进行了数据统计和分类分析。通过文献研究、数据统计和比较分析,探索城市湿地公园生物多样性保护指标体系的基本组成及其相关性。本文写作目的是建立适当的城市湿地公园栖息地评估标准,支持生态中国建设。  相似文献   

20.
Dispersal is a fundamental attribute of species in nature and shapes population dynamics, evolutionary trajectories and genetic variation across spatial and temporal scales. It is increasingly clear that landscape features have large impacts on dispersal patterns. Thus, understanding how individuals and species move through landscapes is essential for predicting impacts of landscape alterations. Information on dispersal patterns, however, is lacking for many taxa, particularly reptiles. Eastern foxsnakes (Mintoinus gloydi) are marsh and prairie specialists that avoid agricultural fields, but they have persisted across a fragmented region in southwestern Ontario and northern Ohio. Here, we combined habitat suitability modelling with population genetic analyses to infer how foxsnakes disperse through a habitat mosaic of natural and altered landscape features. Boundary regions between the eight genetic clusters, identified through assignment tests, were comprised of low suitability habitat (e.g. agricultural fields). Island populations were grouped into a single genetic cluster, and comparatively low F(ST) values between island and mainland populations suggest open water presents less of a barrier than nonsuitable terrestrial habitat. Isolation by resistance and least-cost path analysis produced similar results with matrices of pairwise individual genetic distance significantly more correlated to matrices of resistance values derived from habitat suitability than models with an undifferentiated landscape. Spatial autocorrelation results matched better with assignment results when incorporating resistance values rather than straight-line distances. All analyses used in our study produced similar results suggesting that habitat degradation limits dispersal for foxsnakes, which has had a strong effect on the genetic population structure across this region.  相似文献   

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