大型热带水库-松涛水库枯水期浮游植物群落特征

松涛水库是一个大型热带水库,分为两个主要水域:番加洋和南丰洋,2003年12月对该水库的这两个水域的浮游植物进行采样,共发现7门65种藻类。松涛水库番加洋库区水体的浮游植物总细胞密度为1.08×106cells·L-1,主要种类组成为蓝藻(Cyanophyta)-绿藻(Chlorophyta)型。松涛水库南丰洋库区水体的浮游植物群落为细胞密度为1.14×106cells·L-1,主要种类组成为绿藻(Chlorophyta)-硅藻(diatom)型。松涛水库库区水体总体已为避-富营养,其中富营养型浮游植物指示种类有:铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.),针状蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis acicularis),镰形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus falcatus),小环藻(Cyclotella menighiniana),模糊直链藻(Melosira spp.)等。与亚热带和温带的水库比较,处于热带地区的松涛水库浮游植物,在湖泊区微囊藻等适应高温高光强的种类具有更高的细胞密度。松涛水库河流区最主要的优势种是硅藻门的针杆藻。     

密云水库的浮游生物群落

2002年4～10月对密云水库浮游生物群落的调查结果显示：浮游植物有6门,58属,122种,细胞密度为565．30～10^4cells／L,4月份硅藻(Bacillariophyta)占优势,6～10月蓝藻(Cyanophyta)占绝对优势．浮游植物优势种群有水华微囊藻(Microcystis flas-aquae)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella)等。浮游动物有36种,密度为4761ind/L;浮游动物具有原生动物在数量上占绝对优势．轮虫次之,枝角类与桡足类数量较少的特点。浮游动物的优势种群有弹跳虫(Halteria grandinella)、急游虫(Stromlridium uiHde)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、长额象鼻蚤(Bosmlna longirostris)等．与1980年监测结果相比,密云水库浮游生物总密度上升较快,群落结构和优势种群也发生了明显变化．浮游生物优势种群的指示作用显示,在植物生长季节,库区水体已进入富营养状态。     

密云水库水体营养状态分析

调研结果显示 ,密云水库的营养特征为浮游藻类响应型。浮游藻类的群落结构是绿藻 (Chlorophyta)—硅藻(Bacillariophyta)型。库区水体TN 0 86mg/L ,TP 0 .0 2 2mg/L ,浮游藻类的细胞密度 4 0 5 2 3× 10 4/L。 4项指标 (Tr、TP、CODmn、chla)的TSIM 值 4 0 1— 4 9 6 ,水体为中营养。但TN、TP和浮游藻类细胞密度增长较快 ,水体向富营养发展的趋势明显。主要制约因素是面源、点源和内源对水体的污染。北京市水资源紧缺 ,密云水库是主要饮用水源地。保护流域生态环境 ,治理污染 ,涵养水源 ,实现水资源的可持续利用已很迫切     

蓄水对三峡库区重庆段长江干流浮游植物群落结构的影响

为了分析三峡库区长江干流重庆段因蓄水产生的三类不同水体(自然河流型、过渡型、类湖泊型)对浮游植物的影响,分别于不同季节和蓄水期对水体浮游植物进行了群落调查,结果显示各群落指标仍呈现亚热带河流型水库的季节变化趋势:春季绿藻、隐藻占优势,夏季蓝藻所占比例增加,冬季硅藻占绝对优势,但不同类型水体对季节的响应程度不同:(1)2010年3月春季调查期间绿藻的优势种的优势度以及所占比例均呈现随水体类型改变逐渐增加趋势,并在类湖泊型水体中达到最大(优势度0.62、所占比例达67.8%),而夏秋季(9月蓄水前)蓝藻的优势种数、优势度、藻密度以及所占比例也存在同样的变化,2009年9月蓝藻所占比例由河流型水体的8.5%增加到类湖泊型水体的52.6%,到2010年9月类湖泊型水体蓝藻比例甚至达到63.8%。冬季蓄水期间(2010年1月),硅藻占绝对优势,但绿藻在类湖泊型水体中的比例要大于其他两类型水体。(2)Shannon-Wiener指数平均值为2.43,总体呈现出河流型水体>过渡型水体>类湖泊型水体,类湖泊型水体多样性指数夏秋季>冬季>春季,而自然河流型和过渡型水体冬季多样性指数低于其他季节。     

贵州百花湖夏季浮游植物昼夜垂直分布特征

为了探讨浮游植物在水体中的昼夜垂直分布格局,于2012年7月31日至8月1日对百花湖(水库)浮游植物进行昼夜24 h定点分层研究。研究结果表明:蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻种类数在水体中具有明显的分层现象,蓝藻种类数在0.5—2 m居多,绿藻种类数在0.5—6 m明显多于7—14 m,硅藻种类数主要分布在6 m及以深的水层中。湖泊假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)为绝对优势种,相对丰度为82.69%。8:00时湖泊假鱼腥藻在2—3 m处聚集程度最高,10:00时聚集程度最高的水层上升至0.5 m,10:00—12:00湖泊假鱼腥藻的细胞丰度由0.5 m向2 m扩增,12:00时在2 m处达到全天峰值,此时0.5 m处的细胞丰度是除6:00外的最小值,12:00—14:00湖泊假鱼腥藻的细胞丰度由2 m向0.5 m扩增,16:00时又大量聚集于1 m处,说明湖泊假鱼腥藻在白天具有明显的垂直迁移现象;湖泊假鱼腥藻丰度的MI指数白天在1.45—2.07之间,夜间在1.40—1.46之间,变化趋势与时间深度等值图结果相符,说明湖泊假鱼腥藻在水体中昼夜均呈聚集分布,且白天的聚集程度及变化幅度大于夜间;百花湖浮游植物总丰度的昼夜垂直分布格局与湖泊假鱼腥藻一致;水体中浮游植物总丰度和湖泊假鱼腥藻丰度夜间低于白天。光照的昼夜交替和水柱温差的昼夜变化是影响浮游植物总丰度和湖泊假鱼腥藻垂直分布格局昼夜变化的重要环境因素。     

汤溪水库的富营养化现状研究

为了解汤溪水库的富营养化现状,于2000年丰水期和枯水期对该水库的水质和浮游生物分布进行了调查。结果表明,汤溪水库综合营养状态指数(TLI)在30～50之间,属中营养水平。浮游植物丰度为0.81×10~6～6.57×10~6cells·L~(-1),丰水期高于枯水期。浮游植物以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主,其优势种主要为水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、极小直链藻(Melosira minmum)和衣藻(Chlamydomonas sp.)等富营养化指示种。浮游动物丰度为43.25～812.2ind.·L~(-1),其优势种也多为富营养化指示种,如:螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)。与1984年相比,该水库由硅藻型变为蓝藻型,其营养水平与浮游植物丰度都显著增加。在2000年一次微囊藻水华发生时,水体表层浮游植物丰度高达11.97×10~6cells·L~(-1)。     

仙女湖及入湖河流浮游植物功能类群与环境因子的相互关系

文章分析了仙女湖及入湖河流浮游植物群落结构和功能类群的时空分布特征, 探讨了影响其时空分布规律的关键环境因子。调查期间共鉴定表层水体中浮游植物82种(属), 包括蓝藻15种(属), 绿藻33种(属), 硅藻23种(属), 甲藻3种(属), 裸藻5种(属), 隐藻2种(属), 金藻1种(属)。各季节平均密度和生物量分别在7.95×106—2.19×109 cells/L和10.52—792.91 mg/L变化。群落功能类群的结果表明, 冬、春河流生境中具硅质结构的无鞭毛个体浮游植物(硅藻门)占据主导地位(Ⅵ功能群), 而湖区生境中具鞭毛、中等到大型的单细胞或群体浮游植物(如隐藻和甲藻)具有明显优势(Ⅴ功能群); 而夏秋季节不同生境中虽然Ⅵ型浮游植物数量仍然相对较高, 但是具伪空胞的、较大表面积/体积比的丝状个体浮游植物(Ⅲ型)以及具胶质鞘、小的表面积/体积比的群体类的浮游植物(如蓝藻, Ⅶ功能群)在某些河流和湖泊生境中的比重有显著增长。功能类群与环境因子的相关分析表明: 冬、春季Ⅴ与Ⅵ功能群浮游植物生物量主要受到总氮和总磷水平影响; 而夏、秋季节Ⅲ与Ⅶ功能群浮游植物受到水温、浊度、总氮和总磷水平的多重影响。     

肇庆星湖浮游植物状况及其富营养化评价

研究了 1 996年 4月至 1 997年 7月肇庆星湖 5个子湖泊浮游植物种类和数量变化。在 1 996年 4月至 1 997年 7月 6次采样中 ,共鉴定出浮游植物 82种 ,其中绿藻门 37种 ,其次为硅藻和蓝藻门 ,优势种有鼓藻、栅藻、衣藻、席藻、直链藻、多甲藻和裸藻等。大多数采样点年平均浮游植物密度为 1 0 4 个 /L至 1 0 5个 /L,整个湖泊年平均密度为 4.2 8× 1 0 5个 /L。星湖各子湖泊全年的总氮、总磷含量分别低于 1 mg/L和 0 .1 mg/L ,以叶绿素 a、总氮、总磷、氨氮、COD和 BOD为参数的营养状态指数 (TLI) ,除波海湖外均小于 50。根据浮游植物种类和密度及综合营养状态指数评价结果 ,星湖的富营养化状况属于中营养化至富营养化之间 ,其中波海湖已达到富营养化水平 ,5个湖泊的富营养化程度由高至低依次为 :波海湖、仙女湖、里湖、青莲湖、中心湖。     

淮南矿区小型煤矿塌陷湖泊浮游植物群落结构特征

在淮南潘谢矿区内设置3个水文生态环境条件差异较大的小型煤矿塌陷湖泊研究站点,即潘谢潘集站(PXPJ)、潘谢顾桥站(PXGQ)和潘谢谢桥站(PXXQ),于2013—2014年4个季度分别对塌陷湖泊的浮游植物结构组成特征及其水生态环境因子的关系进行了分析。3个小型塌陷湖泊共鉴定出浮游植物7门9纲18目34科70属131种,浮游植物种类主要由蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻组成。其中绿藻门种类最多,共59种,占浮游植物总种数45.0%;其次是蓝藻,总共24种,占浮游植物总种数18.3%;硅藻22种,占浮游植物总种数16.8%。从各门类藻细胞密度的百分比看,PXPJ站点以绿藻、硅藻和隐藻为主,范围77.5%—90.5%;PXGQ站点蓝藻在夏秋季数量上均占据绝对优势,分别占藻类总细胞密度的61.5%和46.2%;PXXQ站点隐藻在春季为绝对优势类群,在总细胞密度中占的比率为94.6%,夏秋以蓝藻为主,分别为74.7%和81.8%。3个湖泊由于水文生态环境条件的不同,浮游植物丰度、多样性和均匀度体现出了一定的差异。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,光照、水温和营养盐含量与比率(TN/TP)是影响塌陷湖泊浮游植物群落结构的重要环境因子。     

抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构、分布及其影响因子

云南抚仙湖是我国典型的高原深水湖泊,为揭示该湖浮游植物群落特征及其对生态系统变化的响应,2005年6～7月对浮游植物及环境因子进行了调查.调查期间共采集浮游植物80种,隶属于7门32科56属,以绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻为主,种类数绿藻(46.0%)＞蓝藻门(25.0%)＞硅藻门(15.0%),密度绿藻(61.6%)＞硅藻(16.1%)＞蓝藻(9.1%).群落平均密度为87.58 ×104 ind./L, 转板藻(Mougeotia sp.)占绝对优势,其相对密度为35.9%.在水平分布上,浮游植物平均密度北区大于南区(P＜0.05),沿岸区大于湖心区(P＜0.01).在垂直分布上,浮游植物分层明显,主要分布在0～30 m水层,不同水层绿藻均占绝对优势.环境分析表明:抚仙湖浮游植物密度水平分布主要受营养盐的影响,而垂直分布主要受物理因子的影响.不同时期的调查结果比较表明,抚仙湖浮游植物种类数和密度呈增长趋势,与水体营养水平升高有关.20世纪90年代中期以来,大型丝状藻类转板藻发展成为绝对优势种,与其较强的竞争优势及太湖新银鱼摄食引发的下行效应有关.     

SCHIZOMERIS—A GROWTH FORM OF STIGEOCLONIUM TENUE (CHLOROPHYTA:CHAETOPHORACEAE)1

Schizomeris leibleinii Kütz. was found as an ecophene of Stigeoclonium tenue (Ag.) Kütz. in Centennial Lake, Palmerston North, New Zealand. The Schizomeris form occurred in autumn when the water was polluted by a large number of ducks. Sampling of the plant population of the lake and culture work showed that S. tenue has a high degree of polymorphism. Other forms of it which developed both in the lake and in culture were indistinguishable from Protoderma Kütz. emend. Borzi, from Uronema Lagerheim, or from Pearsoniella Fritsch and Rich, respectively.     

AN “ENVIRO‐INFORMATIC” ASSESSMENT OF SAGINAW BAY (LAKE HURON,USA) PHYTOPLANKTON: DATA‐DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF MICROCYSTIS (CYANOPHYTA)1

Phytoplankton and Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz. biovolumes were characterized and modeled, respectively, with regard to hydrological and meteorological variables during zebra mussel invasion in Saginaw Bay (1990–1996). Total phytoplankton and Microcystis biomass within the inner bay were one and one‐half and six times greater, respectively, than those of the outer bay. Following mussel invasion, mean total biomass in the inner bay decreased 84% but then returned to its approximate initial value. Microcystis was not present in the bay during 1990 and 1991 and thereafter occurred at/in 52% of sample sites/dates with the greatest biomass occurring in 1994–1996 and within months having water temperatures >19°C. With an overall relative biomass of 0.03 ± 0.01 (mean + SE), Microcystis had, at best, a marginal impact upon holistic compositional dynamics. Dynamics of the centric diatom Cyclotella ocellata Pant. and large pennate diatoms dominated compositional dissimilarities both inter‐ and intra‐annually. The environmental variables that corresponded with phytoplankton distributions were similar for the inner and outer bays, and together identified physical forcing and biotic utilization of nutrients as determinants of system‐level biomass patterns. Nonparametric models explained 70%–85% of the variability in Microcystis biovolumes and identified maximal biomass to occur at total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranging from 40 to 45 μg · L^?1. From isometric projections depicting modeled Microcystis/environmental interactions, a TP concentration of <30 μg · L^?1 was identified as a desirable contemporary “target” for management efforts to ameliorate bloom potentials throughout mussel‐impacted bay waters.     

Determination of growth-limiting nutrients for red species of Oscillatoria and two ‘oligotrophic’ diatoms

Laboratory batch experiments with dilute phytoplankton communities were carried out to determine growth-limiting nutrients and the degree of growth limitation for Asterionella formosa, Hass., Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kütz. and red species of Oscillatoria under specific temperature and light conditions. Water samples from five Norwegian lakes with average epilimnetic total phosphorus concentrations ranging from 5 to 30 µg P per 1 were investigated. Both enrichment and transplant experiments were carried out. In samples from the most oligotrophic lakes (Lake Randsfjorden and Lake Tyrifjorden) phosphorus was found to be the growth-limiting nutrient. In samples from Lake Mjøsa silicate was also growth-limiting for the diatoms, while nitrogen could be limiting for both asterionella and Oscillatoria from Lake Steinsfjorden. Phosphorus was often the only limiting nutrient determined for Oscillatoria in Lake Gjersjøen (the most eutrophic of the lakes). In samples from this lake, however, Asterionella was also growth-limited directly or indirectly as a result of high (pH > 9). This was also found for Asterionella and Tabellaria from lake Mjøsa by means of transplant experiments. Oscillatoria from Lake Gjersjøen could not grow in filtered water from Lake Mjøsa but obtained maximum growth rate after addition of phosphate and chelated iron in combination.     

GENETIC ADAPTATION AND ACCLIMATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON ALONG A STRESS GRADIENT IN THE EXTREME WATERS OF THE AGRIO RIVER–CAVIAHUE LAKE (ARGENTINA)1

We tested if different adaptation strategies were linked to a stress gradient in phytoplankton cells. For this purpose, we studied the adaptation and acclimation of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (Naumann) Komárek et Perman (Chlorophyta) and Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz. (Cyanobacteria) to different water samples (from extremely acid, metal‐rich water to moderate stressful conditions) of the Agrio River–Caviahue Lake system (Neuquén, Argentina). Both experimental strains were isolated from pristine, slightly alkaline waters. To distinguish between physiological acclimation and genetic adaptation (an adaptive evolution event), a modified Luria‐Delbrück fluctuation analysis was carried out with both species by using as selective agent sample waters from different points along the stress gradient. M. aeruginosa did not acclimate to any of the waters tested from different points along the stress gradient nor did D. chlorelloides to the two most acidic and metal‐rich waters. However, D. chlorelloides proliferated by rapid genetic adaptation, as the consequence of a single mutation (5.4 × 10^?7 resistant mutants per cell per division) at one locus, in less extreme water and also by acclimation in the least extreme water. It is hypothesized that the stress gradient resulted in different strategies of adaptation in phytoplankton cells from nonextreme waters. Thus, very extreme conditions were lethal for both organisms, but as stressful conditions decreased, adaptation of D. chlorelloides cells was possible by the selection of resistant mutants, and in less extreme conditions, by acclimation.     

ALLELOPATHIC GROWTH INHIBITION OF SELECTED PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES BY SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES1

Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on the growth and photosynthesis of different unialgal cultures of planktonic cyanobacteria, a diatom, and a green alga were tested in coexistence experiments using dialysis cultures. The method applied allowed measurements under conditions similar to that in lakes but without nutrient and light limitation. Growth and photosynthesis were measured with a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer as an increase of chl a fluorescence and activity of PSII, respectively. Eurasian water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L. and rigid hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum L. proved to inhibit the PSII activity and then growth of the investigated phytoplankton species, whereas sago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus L. showed no effect. Growth inhibition was dependent on biomass of M. spicatum. Considerable differences between phytoplankton groups and among species of cyanobacteria were found regarding their response to M. spicatum. Members of the Oscillatoriales and Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. emend. Elenkin were more sensitive than the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae Ralfs ex Born. et Flah., the diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz) Cleve et Möller, and the green alga Scenedesmus armatus Chodat. A possible contribution of this result to changes in the phytoplankton succession of lakes after loss of macrophytes is discussed.     

PATTERNS OF EPIPELIC ALGAL DISTRIBUTION IN AN ACIDIC ADIRONDACK LAKE1

The biovolume and species composition of epipelic algae along sediment depth gradients were sampled seasonally in an acidic oligotrophic lake in the Adirondack Park in New York State. The epipelic algal community of Woods Lake (Herkimer Co., NY) was dominated by diatoms and cyanobacteria. Distinct depth zonation patterns of community composition were evident. Total algal biovolume increased with depth due to a dense cyanobacterial mat on the sediments in deeper water (5–8 m). This mat was dominated by a single species of cyanobacteria, Hapalosiphon pumilus (Kütz.) Kirchner, which accounted for the late summer maximum in total biovolume at 7 m. The shallower (1–4 m) epipelic communities were dominated by diatoms, which showed a spring maximum in total biovolume and were dominated by Fragilaria acidobiontica Charles, Navicula tenuicephala Hust. and N. subtilissima Cl.     

MEASUREMENT OF IN SITU SPECIFIC GROWTH RATES OF MICROCYSTIS (CYANOBACTERIA) FROM THE FREQUENCY OF DIVIDING CELLS1

Diel changes in the frequency of dividing cells (FDC) of three Microcystis species were investigated in a small eutrophic pond from July to October 2005. The representative species was M. aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz., constituting 57%–86% of the Microcystis population throughout the study period, and the remainder were M. viridis (A. Braun) Lemmerm. and M. wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek. The FDC of M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii increased in the daytime and fell in the nighttime in July and August, but this regular variation was not observed in September or October. The in situ specific growth rates of Microcystis species were estimated based on the assumption that the specific growth rate can be given as an absolute value of the derivative of FDC with respect to time. The calculated values were similar among species—0.15–0.38 · d^?1 for M. aeruginosa, 0.14–0.63 · d^?1 for M. viridis, and 0.18–0.61 · d^?1 for M. wesenbergii. The specific growth rates in July and August slightly exceeded those in September and October. The analysis of the in situ specific growth rate of Microcystis indicated that recruitment of the benthic population or morphological change, rather than massive growth, was at least partly responsible for the dominance of M. aeruginosa in the study pond.     

ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS OF THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS IN CLADOPHORA AND CHAETOMORPHA MOTILE CELLS,WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE CLADOPHORACEAE (ULVOPHYCEAE,CHLOROPHYTA)

Absolute configurational analyses of flagellar apparatus components were performed on the motile cells produced by three species of Cladophora, Cl. dalmatica Kütz., Cl. flexuosa (Dillw.) Harv., and Cl. glomerata (L.) Kütz., and by Chaetomorpha aerea (Dillw.) Kütz. There was little variation among the species. All of the flagellar apparatuses demonstrated the ulvophyceous features of 180° rotational symmetry, counterclockwise absolute orientation, and basal body overlap, as well as the alignment of the basal bodies perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. Diagnostic features included the nearly complete absence of C tubules from the basal bodies and the presence of a coarsely striated component dorsal to the two-membered rootlets in all cells, as well as, in quadriflagellate cells, a tetralobate distal fiber, the coaxial arrangement of the lowermost pair of basal bodies, and the presence of a characteristic array of basal-body-associated striated bands. The distal fiber architecture, the presence of a “wing” in the X-membered rootlets, and the “flattening” of the flagellar apparatus components suggests a close relationship of the Cladophoraceae to the Dasycladales, and indicates that these two groups may have shared a common ancestor, possibly ancient in terms of the geological time scale but relatively recent in the context of ulvophyceous evolution. A sizeable phylogenetic gap exists between the Cladophoraceae and uninucleate-celled, presumably primitive members of the Ulvophyceae.     

Seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition and physical-chemical features of the shallow Lake Doïrani,Macedonia, Greece

Phytoplankton species composition, seasonal dynamics and spatial distribution in the shallow Lake Doïrani were studied during the growth season of 1996 along with key physical and chemical variables of the water. Weak thermal stratification developed in the lake during the warm period of 1996. The low N:P ratio suggests that nitrogen was the potential limiting nutrient of phytoplankton in the lake. In the phytoplankton of the lake, Chlorophyceae were the most species-rich group followed by Cyanophyceae. The monthly fluctuations of the total phytoplankton biomass presented high levels of summer algal biomass resembling that of other eutrophic lakes. Dinophyceae was the group most represented in the phytoplankton followed by Cyanophyceae. Diatomophyceae dominated in spring and autumn. Nanoplankton comprised around 90% of the total biomass in early spring and less than 10% in summer. The seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton generally followed the typical pattern outlined for other eutrophic lakes. R-species (small diatoms), dominant in the early phase of succession, were replaced by S-species (Microcystis, Anabaena, Ceratium) in summer. With cooling of the water in September, the biomass of diatoms (R-species) increased. The summer algal maxima consisted of a combination of H and M species associations (sensu Reynolds). Phytoplankton development in 1996 was subject to the combined effect of the thermal regime, the small depth of mixing and the increased sediment-water interactions in the lake, which caused changes in the underwater light conditions and nutrient concentrations.