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1.
李欣蕊  赵序茅  李明 《兽类学报》2021,41(3):310-320
气候变化和人为干扰正成为物种多样性丧失的重要驱动力。本文基于MaxEnt模型,探讨气候变化和人为干扰对中国3种金丝猴(川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellana、滇金丝猴R.bieti和黔金丝猴R.brelichi)地理分布变迁的影响:(1)气候变化和人为干扰导致3种金丝猴在2000年和未来(2050年)的适宜栖息地面积减少,分布海拔升高,其中黔金丝猴适宜栖息地面积减少最大,川金丝猴在四川东北部、陕西西南部和湖北西北部的适宜栖息地,滇金丝猴在云南西部的适宜栖息地面积收缩;(2)人为干扰指数是导致金丝猴适宜栖息地面积减少的重要因素,最暖季度平均温度、降水量变异系数、最冷季度平均温度是分别影响川金丝猴、滇金丝猴、黔金丝猴适宜栖息地的最重要气候因子;(3)川金丝猴栖息地的西南部,滇金丝猴栖息地的中部具备高连通性,适合亚群之间的交流。基于上述结果,我们建议减少低海拔地区的人类活动,并加强在受气候变化和人类干扰影响严重的栖息地进行预见性保护,比如提前规划、扩大保护地范围,在栖息地连通性低的地区修建生态廊道。我们的结果为濒危动物的保护和生态廊道的修建提供了理论依据和技术支持。  相似文献   

2.
滇金丝猴 (Rhinopithecus bieti) 是我国特有的濒危灵长类动物,预测其栖息地变化,评估人类活动影响,进而识别保护空缺,对该物种的保护具有重要意义。本文使用出行大数据估计人类出行密度,并将这一指标引入栖息地模型的构建;运用MaxEnt模型和空间分析技术分别构建自然环境和人类干扰两种情景下滇金丝猴的适宜栖息地模型,并分析自然环境与人类干扰两类共计11个变量对栖息地的影响。结果显示:(1) MaxEnt模型的预测精度较高,基于出行大数据的人类出行密度这一指标能很好表征人类干扰对栖息地的影响。(2) 模型预测得到滇金丝猴高适宜栖息地面积3 487.28 km2,认为影响滇金丝猴潜在分布的主要环境变量是海拔、年降水量、人类出行密度和距道路距离。(3) 人类干扰对滇金丝猴栖息地有明显的负影响 (使适宜栖息地面积相较于自然环境下减少9.32%),其中人类出行活动对滇金丝猴的栖息地干扰最为明显;同时还发现研究区78.8%的区域均受到一个或多个人类变量的较强干扰。(4) 在现有15个滇金丝猴群的活动斑块中,3个同时具有较高栖息地适宜性和较多人类干扰的斑块,可作为重点保护区域;同时发现栖息地质量在距道路和居民点约2 500 m处均出现明显拐点,可作为开展保护工作的缓冲区参考距离。降低这些区域的人类干扰强度,对滇金丝猴的生存具有更重要的现实保护意义。  相似文献   

3.
滇金丝猴现状及研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
野外滇金丝猴目前仅存于金沙江和澜沧江间云岭山脉的一个狭小区域,种群大小约1 700只左右.面临着栖息地高度破碎化、较为猖狂的盗猎活动和日益严重的放牧干扰等问题.分子遗传学和形态学数据都充分证明,滇金丝猴是独立的种.生态学研究表明,滇金丝猴的食性存在季节性差异,其某种程度上的海拔迁移是食物的空间分布和温度相互作用的结果.种群遗传学研究进一步表明,滇金丝猴的遗传多样性比较贫乏,个体间的遗传距离P平均仅为 0.052.建议保护区管理部门根据实际情况尽快建立生态走廊,以促进滇金丝猴的遗传稳定性和多样性.  相似文献   

4.
白马雪山自然保护区响古箐滇金丝猴的食性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2008年6月至2009年5月,采用扫描瞬时取样法对云南白马雪山自然保护区响古箐滇金丝猴群的食性进行了研究.研究表明,该滇金丝猴群的食物主要由42个科105种植物组成.滇金丝猴全年的食物构成如下:松萝50.6%,成熟叶16.3%,果实/种子10.5%,嫩叶8.4%,竹笋7.9%,芽3.0%,花1.9%,树皮/叶柄/茎0...  相似文献   

5.
基于电路理论的滇金丝猴生境景观连通性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李慧  李丽  吴巩胜  周跃  李雯雯  梅泽文 《生态学报》2018,38(6):2221-2228
景观连通性对生态系统服务、动植物基因交流的保护以及景观规划等都具有重要影响作用。以滇金丝猴活动区域为研究对象,基于电路理论建立滇金丝猴栖息地的连接度模型,分析滇金丝猴栖息地间的连通性,对于连通性较好的区域,识别出了重点保护与恢复区域;对于连通性较差的区域,通过电路理论连接度模型确定了影响今后廊道建设的重点保护与恢复区域。结果表明:各区域内部猴群栖息地连通性较好,其中中部地区最优,其次是北部,最差为南部。G3和G4栖息地斑块作为对连接各区域猴群生境斑块起到关键作用的"踏脚石"斑块是今后重点保护与恢复的区域,保护和恢复南部与中部猴群栖息地间"空白区域"的植被对于整个滇金丝猴活动区域的猴群基因交流也尤为重要。方法上,相较于图论得到的单一路径,电路理论得到的多路径更具有现势性。研究方法及研究成果可为濒危物种保护和区域生态廊道设计提供重要参考价值。  相似文献   

6.
滇金丝猴的随机扩增多态DNA与遗传多样性分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
对6只笼养滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)及遗传多样性分析.用45个10bp随机短引物对每只滇金丝猴的基因组DNA进行了扩增,平均每个个体观察到的RAPD标记约为130个左右,单个引物获得的标记在1~7个之间.80%的RAPD标记表现为无多态的单型性.个体间的遗传距离为0.052,表明笼养滇金丝猴群体的遗传多样性很低.此研究结果与在蛋白多态研究中得到的一致.贫乏的遗传多样性一方面使目前处于濒危境地的滇金丝猴生存情况更加危险,同时其本身也可能是造成目前滇金丝猴濒危的原因之一.另外,通过成对的遗传距离分析,构建了这一群滇金丝猴的谱系关系图,提出了让遗传距离较远的个体间进行交配的笼养繁育计划.  相似文献   

7.
封面故事     
中国云南滇金丝猴。2011年7月14日,大自然保护协会(TNC)与云南省政府签订了《关于生物多样性保护合作的框架协议》。云南将在"十二五"期间为自然保护投入150亿元人民币,要使云南的森林覆盖面积每年增长1%。中国云南是滇金丝猴、棕熊等珍稀动物的重要栖息地,为了鼓励社区村民成为  相似文献   

8.
滇金丝猴数量分布变迁、家域、食性研究进展及保护现状   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
正滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)是我国特有珍稀灵长类动物,曾在获取标本后长时间内没有在野生环境中见到,一度被怀疑已自然灭绝。20世纪70年代初,在国内科学家不懈努力下再次发现其野生种群:19群,约2 000只个体(Long et al.1994)。1983年首个滇金丝猴自然保护区——白马雪山自然保护区的建立标志着该物种被纳入国家野生动物保护圈。随着周边各地经济发展,滇金丝猴的生境遭到大肆侵占和破坏。在20世纪90年代中叶达  相似文献   

9.
2008年6月至2009年5月,在白马雪山国家级自然保护区南端的响古箐(北纬27°37′,东经99°22′),采用瞬时扫描取样法对一群数量约480只的滇金丝猴群的活动时间分配进行了研究.研究期间共观察取样1609h,扫描个体数为260 546.研究表明,响古箐滇金丝猴用38.8%的时间取食、27.4%的时间移动、20.9%的时间休息、12.9%的时间从事其他类型活动.滇金丝猴活动时间分配季节性差异明显.冬季,滇金丝猴的取食时间长于其他季节,达到41.5%;秋季,取食时间在全年最短(36.5%).夏季的高温没有影响滇金丝猴的移动,它们移动的时间达到32.8%,高于其他3个季节.寒冷的冬季,响古箐滇金丝猴为了减少能量损失,用于休息的时间达到24.4%.秋季,滇金丝猴从事其他类型活动的时间(15.7%)多于另外3个季节.研究发现,绝对移动时间与昼长和月平均温度呈明显正相关(P<0.01),绝对休息时间与月平均温度呈负相关(r=-0.585,P=0.046),但降水量的多少与猴群各种活动时间分配之间没有明显的相关性(P>0.05).食物贡献率与滇金丝猴日活动时间分配也存在相关性.取食松萝比例与猴群移动时间呈负相关(r=-0.902,P<0.001),与休息时间呈正相关(r=0.860,P<0.001).猴群取食树叶比例增加时,它们移动时间也随之增加(r =0.832,P=0.001).夏季,滇金丝猴取食竹笋的比例增加时,猴群移动时间也明显增多.以上结果表明,滇金丝猴活动时间分配受食物资源状况、昼长季节性变化和气候条件的影响.  相似文献   

10.
基于景观遗传学的滇金丝猴栖息地连接度分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
薛亚东  李丽  李迪强  吴巩胜  周跃  吕玺喜 《生态学报》2011,31(20):5886-5893
结合景观遗传学,应用最小费用距离模型对物种栖息地进行连接度分析,能够为生物多样性保护和自然保护区管理提供更加真实准确及可实践操作的指导。选取滇金丝猴这一珍稀濒危物种,结合景观遗传学,应用最小费用距离模型对其栖息地进行了连接度和潜在扩散廊道分析。并且通过连接度的分析和制图绘制出了更为准确的种群间潜在扩散廊道,确定了受人工障碍影响的廊道及敏感区域。结果表明,研究区内的5个亚群中,仅S3亚群内的5个猴群保持着较好的连接度,总体来说,各亚群内的连接度相对于各亚群间连接度保持的较好。除S3亚群中猴群间的潜在扩散廊道较为理想外,其余种群间的潜在扩散廊道均受人工斑块的影响,多数廊道被人工障碍阻断,或面临即将被阻断的情况,对于滇金丝猴的扩散交流影响较大。敏感区域多集中在中南部的3个亚群间,这些敏感区域应作为景观恢复及保护区规划的重要优先区域。  相似文献   

11.
The purpose of this study was to analyze sharpshooter fauna in a five-year-old 'Westin' sweet orange orchard. Yellow sticky traps were placed on the edge of a forest, and on the periphery and inside the citrus stand. The traps were evaluated fortnightly, for three years. The most frequent species were Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret). B. xanthophis occurred more in the forest edge, especially on spring and winter. A. citrina occurred most frequently in the forest edge, especially on spring. The highest incidence of O. facialis was inside the citrus stand, on spring and summer. Other cicadellids occurred more often in the forest edge, especially on summer. A. citrina, B. xanthophis, Dilobopterus costalimai Young, and O. facialis were predominant in all places studied. A. citrina, B. xanthophis and O. facialis were super dominant, super abundant, super frequent, and constant, except inside the stand, where B. xanthophis was dominant, very abundant, very frequent, and constant. D. costalimai and Homalodisca ignorata Melichar were dominant, very abundant, and very frequent in the forest edge and in the periphery of the stand, and D. costalimai was also predominant inside the stand. Scopogonalia subolivacea (St?l) was predominant in the forest edge and inside the stand, while Plesiommata corniculata Young was predominant in the periphery (both were dominant, very abundant, very frequent, and accessory).  相似文献   

12.
Aim Many theories of biodiversity and biogeography assume that species respond equally to variability in habitat area and isolation. This assumption does not allow for differential responses due to interspecific competition or other mechanisms, and therefore does not allow community composition to be predicted. As body size is relevant to area requirements and interspecific dominance, a natural experiment was conducted to quantify the differential responses of avian species abundance to variability in remnant area, isolation and forest cover based on average species body mass. Location Deciduous forest remnants of varying area and isolation throughout the State of Delaware, USA. Methods Forest remnants within stratified area and isolation classes were randomly selected for breeding bird surveys; total forest cover (ha) within 2 km of each survey point was subsequently determined as a covariate. Surveys were conducted within 100–150 m from the edge of each remnant and detected bird species were divided into five classes based on a log2‐transformation of body mass (very small, small, medium, large and very large). Assuming a negative binomial distribution, the abundance of detected individuals in each mass class was analysed using generalized linear models with remnant area, isolation, local forest cover and two‐way interactions specified as independent variables. The same analyses were conducted for individual species where sample size allowed. Results Very small, small and very large bodied species decreased in abundance with decreasing local forest cover and remnant area and with increasing remnant isolation, while large species increased in abundance. Medium‐sized species decreased in abundance with increasing forest cover, did not respond to remnant isolation and showed a concave, curvilinear response to increasing remnant area. Large and medium‐sized species were the most abundant birds in small, isolated remnants despite occurring in the largest remnants with the more abundant very small and small species, suggesting that communities are not randomly organized. Main conclusions Regardless of presumed habitat associations, large and medium‐sized species are of the appropriate size to be dominant competitors when forest resources are limiting, and thus may be considered ‘generalists’. The smallest species may be excluded entirely from small, isolated remnants even though such remnants meet their ecological needs; the needs of very large species are not met in small remnants. The applicability of biodiversity theories to community composition, species abundance and, by extension, to conservation, can be improved by incorporating differential responses based on body mass into their assumptions.  相似文献   

13.
甘肃小陇山林区不同生境类型蝶类多样性研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
于2006~2008年对甘肃小陇山林区不同生境类型中蝴蝶多样性进行了调查研究,研究中依据植被的不同将该林区的蝴蝶生境划分为6种类型:人工林、灌木丛和次生林、居民农田、针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林、针叶林。共获得蝴蝶标本5365只,隶属于11科116属210种。计算了6种生境类型中蝶类物种丰富度、相似性系数和多样性指数。不同生境中,灌木丛和次生林蝶类物种的多样性指数、丰富度和个体数量较高,人工林物种多样性指数、丰富度和个体数量较低;人工林与针叶林之间的相似性系数(0.4194)最高,针阔混交林与落叶阔叶林的相似性系数(0.2951)次之,人工林与灌木丛和次生林之间的相似性系数(0.0769)最低,表明各生境之间蝶类相似性系数很低。  相似文献   

14.
Cleary DF 《Oecologia》2003,135(2):313-321
The impact of disturbance on species diversity may be related to the spatial scales over which it occurs. Here I assess the impact of logging and ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) -induced burning and forest isolation on the species richness (477 species out of more than 28,000 individuals) and community composition of butterflies and butterfly guilds using small (0.9 ha) plots nested within large (450 ha) landscapes. The landscapes were located in three habitat classes: (1) continuous, unburned forest; (2) unburned isolates surrounded by burned forest; and (3) burned forest. Plots with different logging histories were sampled within the two unburned habitat classes, allowing for independent assessment of the two disturbance factors (logging and burning). Disturbance within habitat classes (logging) had a very different impact on butterfly diversity than disturbance among habitat classes (due to ENSO-induced burning and isolation). Logging increased species richness, increased evenness, and lowered dominance. Among guilds based on larval food plants, the species richness of tree and herb specialists was higher in logged areas but their abundance was lower. Both generalist species richness and abundance was higher in logged areas. Among habitat classes, species richness was lower in burned forest and isolates than continuous forest but there was no overall difference in evenness or dominance. Among guilds, generalist species richness was significantly lower in burned forest and isolates than continuous forest. Generalist abundance was also very low in the isolates. There was no difference among disturbance classes in herb specialist species richness but abundance was significantly higher in the isolates and burned forest than in continuous forest. Tree specialist species richness was lower in burned forest than continuous forest but did not differ between continuous forest and isolates.The scale of assessment proved important in estimating the impact of disturbance on species richness. Within disturbance classes, the difference in species richness between primary and logged forest was more pronounced at the smaller spatial scale. Among disturbance classes, the difference in species richness between continuous forest and isolates or burned forest was more pronounced at the larger spatial scale. The lower levels of species richness in ENSO-affected areas and at the larger (landscape) spatial scale indicate that future severe ENSO events may prove one of the most serious threats to extant biodiversity.  相似文献   

15.
广东黑石顶森林苔藓群落特征初探   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
通过对5个面积为2500m2的样地中树附生和地面苔藓植物的定量调查,初步研究了广东黑石顶森林中苔藓植物多样性特征。本次调查共发现苔藓植物50种,包括30种苔类和20种藓类。样地中树附生苔藓植物40种,地面苔藓植物24种,前者远高于后者。各样地中地面苔藓植物的种类为8-13种,盖度0.59%-1.12%,坡度及小生境的多样性对地面苔藓植物物种多样性及盖度均有很大影响;树附生苔藓植物12-20种,盖度0.63%-1.63%。结果显示30a的次生林中苔藓植物的物种丰富度及盖度均可恢复到与成熟阔叶林接近的水平。相似性分析表明,成熟阔叶林内苔藓植物种类组成与针阔叶混交林及30a的次生阔叶林差异不明显,但前者的苔藓植物群落结构与后者的差异较大。  相似文献   

16.
Ingle NM 《Oecologia》2003,134(2):251-261
In the moist Neotropics, vertebrate frugivores have a much greater role in the dispersal of forest and successional woody plants than wind, and bats rather than birds play the dominant role in dispersing early successional species. I investigated whether these patterns also occurred in a Philippine montane rainforest and adjacent successional vegetation. I also asked whether seed mass was related to probability of dispersal between habitats. A greater number of woody species and stems in the forest produced vertebrate-dispersed seeds than wind-dispersed seeds. Although input of forest seeds into the successional area was dominated by vertebrate-dispersed seeds in terms of species richness, wind-dispersed seeds landed in densities 15 times higher. Frugivorous birds dispersed more forest seeds and species into the successional area than bats, and more successional seeds and species into the forest. As expected, seed input declined with distance from source habitat. Low input of forest seeds into the successional area at the farthest distance sampled, 40 m from forest edge, particularly for vertebrate-dispersed seeds, suggests very limited dispersal out of forest even into a habitat in which woody successional vegetation provides perches and fruit resources. For species of vertebrate-dispersed successional seeds, probability of dispersal into forest declined significantly with seed mass.  相似文献   

17.
Yuan  Chun-ming  Liu  Wen-yao  Tang  Cindy Q.  Li  Xiao-shuang 《Ecological Research》2009,24(6):1361-1370
The species composition, diversity, and abundance of lianas were studied in four secondary forests (a 100-year-old forest, a middle-aged forest, and two younger secondary forests), and compared with an undisturbed primary forest in the Ailao Mountains of subtropical SW China. The results showed that the species composition of lianas differed greatly from the secondary forests to the primary forest, which exhibit early and late-successional species. The abundance of lianas was relatively higher in the two younger and middle-aged secondary forests than in the old-growth secondary and primary forests. However, liana species richness was very limited in the four secondary forests as compared to the primary forest. Root climbers mainly grew in the primary forest, whereas tendril and hook climbers predominated in the four secondary forests, while stem twiners were common in both. The majority of lianas recorded in this study reproduced by animal dispersal, and there was no variation in dispersal modes across the five forest types. A step-wise regression showed that the abundance of small lianas (dbh <4 cm) was positively correlated with the abundance of small- and medium-sized tree stems and negatively correlated with the abundance of large-sized tree stems, whereas there is a strong positive correlation between the abundance of large lianas (dbh ≥4 cm) and large tree stems. Results from the CCA indicate that canopy openness, soil moisture, and average canopy height were the most important factors that influenced the abundance and distribution of lianas.  相似文献   

18.
The vegetation pattern in the upstream of Minjiang River,and its relationship with environment factors,such as landscape position(elevation,slope,aspect),precipitation and temperature and soil are analyzed in this paper.The data used in this Paper were based on the landscape map derived from 1994 TM imagery.The results were as follows:1)dominant landscape types were forest,shrub land and grassland,which were very similar in terms of area ratio(32.87%,31.85% and 28.44%,respectively);2)the patch shape of conifer forest and mixed forest was complicated while that of broad-leaved forest and cultivated land was simple;3)the fragmentation of conifer forest and mixed forest was serious in contrast with low fragmentation of broad-leaved forest and cultivated land;and 4)closed scrub and grassland had a high contagion and good connectivity while mixed forest had a lower contagion and bad connectivity.In addition,the vegetation distribution pattern of upstream of Minjiang River Was closely related with elevation and temperature,but the relationship between vegetation and precipitation was not statistically significant.  相似文献   

19.
Three types of forests were recognised (high, disturbed and open) based on the openings in the canopy in a Tropical Monsoonal Forest at the Wasgomuwa National Park, Sri Lanka. The analysis of these forests showed that the species composition varied between forest types. The shrub vegetation, not only was very characteristic but was also a major component in each forest, unlike in the tropical rain forest. The exact role of the shrubs in the dynamics of the tropical monsoon forests is not established, but is suggested that it may act as a buffer during the dry periods under a semi deciduous canopy. The sapling composition differed from the tree vegetation and indicated that the species composition may change with time in this forest. Mosaic theory or the patch dynamics may best explain the dynamics of this tropical monsoon forest which is a mixture of forest types. More studies are required before generalisations can be made of tropical monsoon forests.  相似文献   

20.
海南霸王岭青梅林群落特征研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于海南岛霸王岭林区青梅林群落的野外调查数据,分析了青梅林群落的结构、物种组成以及群落特征.结果表明:(1)青梅林群落中物种数较多的科有茜草科(Rubiaceae),大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、番荔枝科(Annonaceae),分别有物种13、8、5种;而重要值最大的科为龙脑香科(Dipterocarpaceae).(2)霸王岭青梅林在生活型主要表现为常绿中高位芽的物种较多,占总物种的41.49%;叶级谱表现为中型叶较多,占总数的67.02%,全缘叶物种占总数的92.55%,单叶物种占总数的72.40%,群落中革质叶物种数稍多于纸质叶的物种,另外全缘叶占绝对优势,表现了群落的热带性质和常绿性.(3)霸王岭青梅林中青梅的相对密度达66.12%,表明群落为单优青梅林.青梅林下草本植物稀少,主要由青梅和其它树木的幼树幼苗组成,而藤本植物却异常丰富.(4)青梅林群落中大树较少而小树较多,且乔木层树种分布不均匀,表明海南霸王岭青梅林群落处于发育的初级阶段,而且存在着分化和演替的趋势.  相似文献   

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