毛兰属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

毛兰属植物由于近年来同属于兰科的石斛属植物的过度采挖,而取代名贵中药石斛类作为药材应用。为了了解其化学成分及能否替代石斛应用,本文对毛兰属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展进行了综述。目前毛兰属植物研究所涉及的种类仅5种,从该属植物中分离出化学成分13种,包括菲类、9,10-二氢菲类及二聚体、联苄、甾体和脂肪族化合物等结构类型。药理研究表明,一些成分如毛兰素和毛兰菲在抗肿瘤和抗氧化等方面显示了较好的活性。开展毛兰属植物的研究,对发现新的药用活性成分及资源保护有重要意义。     

西藏兰科植物分布新记录

报道了西藏兰科植物6种分布新记录种,分别为石斛属( Dendrobium Sw.)的单葶草石斛( D. porphyrochilum Lindl.)、曲唇兰属[ Panisea (Lindl.) Steud.]的云南曲唇兰( P. yunnanensis S. C. Chen et Z. H. Tsi)、苹兰属( Pinalia Lindley)的长苞苹兰[ Pi. obvia (W. W. Smith) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood]、白点兰属( Thrixspermum Lour.)的长轴白点兰[ T. saruwatarii (Hayata) Schltr.]和石豆兰属( Bulbophyllum Thou.)的柄叶石豆兰( B. apodum J. D. Hooker)、细柄石豆兰[ B. striatum (Griff.) Rchb. f.],并附有新记录种的描述及特征照片。凭证标本保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(XZE)。     

石斛属植物化学成分和药理活性研究现状

综述石斛属化学成分和药理活性的研究现状,对充分利用石斛属资源提供一定的理论依据。     

青藏高原的兰科植物

一、兰科植物在青藏高原的种子植物中是大科之一,共有99属,474种及9变种.属占我国国产属总数的61.5%,地生型54属,附生型37属,腐生型8属.种数占我国国产种总数的46.5%,属中含超过20种的属有:虾脊兰属、羊耳蒜属、杓兰属、舌唇兰属、玉凤花属和石豆兰属,含10-20种的属有石斛属、毛兰属、角盘兰属、无柱兰属、阔蕊兰属、红门兰属、贝母兰属和对叶兰属,而仅含1种的属有43属,含2种的属有15属.兰科植物在本地区的分布是以横断山     

抗乙肝病毒药物研究的进展

对近年来抗乙肝病毒的化学成分 ,药理机制 ,活性评估及临床应用情况进行了综述。着重介绍了植物中抗乙肝病毒活性成分的研究现状并展望了其开发研究的前景。     

升麻化学成分及现代药理作用研究进展

升麻为毛茛科升麻属植物，在我国分布广泛、品种繁多，其药用历史已有两千余年。升麻化学成分复杂，其特征活性成分为Cycloartane型三萜。现代药理研究表明，升麻具有缓解围绝经期综合征、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒等作用，不同品种的升麻药材存在品质差异。对升麻化学成分、药理活性及药材品质进行文献归纳，分析升麻开发研究中存在的问题，旨在为升麻资源的深度开发提供参考。     

非洲加纳籽生物学特性及其化学成分(综述)

现代植物化学研究发现,非洲加纳籽的主要化学成分为5-羟基色氨酸;现代药理研究表明,该植物具有抗抑郁、抑制肥胖和抗氧化等各种药理活性。本文系统介绍非洲加纳籽的生物学特性及化学成分与药理药效的国内外研究进展,为其引种驯化与深度开发提供理论依据。     

淫羊藿属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

淫羊藿属植物是中国传统的药用植物,淫羊藿总黄酮是淫羊藿属植物中的主要活性成分,迄今从国内淫羊藿属13种植物中分离鉴定的黄酮类化合物有106种.药理研究表明,淫羊藿总黄酮具有抑制破骨细胞、促进成骨细胞生长、抗抑郁、增强免疫调节、保护心脑血管系统、抑菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤等多方面的药理活性.本文对国内外有关淫羊藿属植物的化学成分及药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为进一步研究与开发利用提供参考.     

银莲花属植物的化学及药理研究概况

本文简要综述了银莲花属植物的化学和药理研究。迄今已有多被银莲花等10余种该属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究报道,共分离鉴定了抗癌活性成分竹节香附素A等以三萜皂苷为主的近100个化学成分,其中约50个为从该属植物中首先发现的新化合物。     

我国石豆兰属药用植物资源及其保护

描述了石豆兰属15种野生药用植物的分布及其生物学特性、资源现状、药用价值等。石豆兰属药用植物是我国民间常用的中草药,主要分布于我国的华南、西南地区,其中云南、广东、广西分布较多,云南最多,有12种,占我国野生石豆兰属药用资源的80％。不同的种类在各地的资源蕴藏量不同,广东石豆兰、密花石豆兰在广东、广西常见,芳香石豆兰在广东常见。近年来,石豆兰的野生资源被当作药材和观赏花卉遭到滥采乱挖,受到不同程度的破坏。对如何保护与合理利用石豆兰属药用植物资源提出了建议。     

Natural phenanthrenes and their biological activity

The aim of this review is to survey the various naturally occurring phenanthrene compounds that have been isolated from different plants. Only one review has previously been published on this topic. Gorham (1989) reviewed the structures, biosynthesis, separations and spectroscopy of stilbenes and phenanthrenes. The present study furnishes an overview of the hydroxy or/and methoxy-substituted 9,10-dihydro/phenanthrenes, methylated, prenylated and other monomeric derivatives, dimeric and trimeric phenanthrenes and their biological activities. A fairly large number of phenanthrenes have been reported from higher plants, mainly in the Orchidaceae family, in the species Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum, Eria, Maxillaria, Bletilla, Coelogyna, Cymbidium, Ephemerantha and Epidendrum. A few phenanthrenes have been found in the Hepaticae class and Dioscoreaceae, Combretaceae and Betulaceae families. Their distribution correlates strongly with the taxonomic divisions. These plants have often been used in traditional medicine, and phenanthrenes have therefore been studied for their cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, antiallergic activities and phytotoxicity. On the basis of 120 references, this review covers the phytochemistry and pharmacology of phenanthrenes, describing 252 compounds. This contribution stems from our work on the medicinal plant Tamus communis.     

Flavonoid biosynthesis in four Dendrobium species based on transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis

Molecular Biology Reports - Dendrobium is a genus of plants used as traditional Chinese herbal medicines, with high economic and medicinal value. To reveal the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis...     

中国兰科植物分类研究杂记

通过野外考察和标本研究,将Gastrochilus fuscopuntuatus和Oberonia pumila分别处理为Gastrochilus pseudodistichus和Oberonia insularis的异名;将Gastrochilus somai处理为一个独立的种;并报道了中国兰科4个新记录种：毛唇石豆兰Bulbophyllum gyrochilum、独龙石斛Dendrobium praecintum、高山阔蕊兰Peristylus superanthus和狭瓣大苞兰Sunipia angustipetala。     

云南哀牢山地区森林附生维管植物多样性及区系特征

附生植物作为山地森林生态系统中重要的结构性成分,在维持森林生态系统生物多样性格局、水分和养分循环等方面发挥着重要作用。本文通过野外调查、标本查阅并结合相关文献,对云南哀牢山地区附生维管植物物种组成及分布进行了系统研究。结果显示,哀牢山地区附生维管植物共有23科83属218种,其中附生蕨类和兰科植物最丰富。附生蕨类有34属93种,以附生-石生蕨类生活型占优势,其中水龙骨科17属62种,占附生蕨类的66.67%,瓦韦属(Lepisorus)和石韦属(Pyrrosia)分别有13种和10种。附生兰科植物有26属65种,其中石斛属(Dendrobium)和石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum)分别有12种和8种。该地区附生维管植物属的分布具有明显的热带性质并以热带亚洲分布居多。附生植物生长于生境因子变化剧烈、资源有限的林冠,对环境变化敏感,极易遭受破坏且破坏后难以恢复,不少附生植物具有很高的药用、观赏等价值。因此,应加强对附生维管植物这一特殊类群的保护。     

云南兰科植物新资料

报道了云南兰科植物13个新记录种：宽叶红门兰、触须阔蕊兰、毛葶玉凤兰、朱兰、长唇羊耳蒜、广西鸢尾兰、长叶山兰、黄兰、聚石斛、狭唇卷瓣兰、花蜘蛛兰、大尖囊兰、槽舌兰。     

中国兰科植物四新记录种

报道了中国兰科植物四新记录种,即尾瓣石豆兰(Bulbophyllum careyanum(Hook.)Spreng.),拟泰国卷瓣兰(B.nipondhii Seidenf.),双槽石斛(Dendrobium bicameratum Lindl.)和绿梢玉凤花(Habenaria am-plexicaulis Rolfe ex Downie),并提供描述和图片。     

广东山区兰科植物区系的研究

初步统计 ,广东山区共有兰科植物 71属 2 0 8种。其中以热带分布属 4 7属 ( 66.2 % )为主 ,占绝对优势 ,其次为热带—亚热带属 1 3属 ( 1 8.3% )。主要属为虾脊兰属、羊耳蒜属、玉凤花属、石斛属、兰属、石豆兰属 ,其中 2属为世界分布属 ,2属为热带分布属 ,2属为热带—亚热带分布属。广东山区兰科植物区系的地理成分较为复杂、多样 ,以热带亚洲成分 (占 39.4 % )为主导成分 ,其次为热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布成分 ( 1 6.9% )。广东山区没有特有属 ,但特有种丰富 ,产中国特有种 39种 (占 1 8.8% ) ,其中广东特有种 6种 (占 2 .9% )。广东山区具有兰科植物从最原始到最进化各类型的代表。区系成份比较表明 ,本区与云南、广西和中南半岛兰科植物区系有较密切的联系。结果表明本区兰科植物区系的古老原始性 ;具有从热带向亚热带过渡的特点 ;与热带亚洲兰科植物区系具有密切的关系 ;可能是中国兰科植物演化中心的一部分。     

Floral fragrances in two closely related fruit fly orchids,Bulbophyllum hortorum and B. macranthoides (Orchidaceae): assortments of phenylbutanoids to attract tephritid fruit fly males

Floral chemical components are important cues used by plants to attract pollinators. One outstanding case is “fruit fly orchids” in the genus of Bulbophyllum to attract their pollinators by releasing characteristic fragrances. Dacini fruit flies are main or exclusive pollinators which are strongly attracted to certain natural chemicals, either methyl eugenol (ME: a phenylpropanoid) or raspberry ketone (RK: a phenylbutanoid). Furthermore, zingerone (ZN: a phenylbutanoid) has been characterized as the attractant for both ME- and RK-sensitive fruit fly species. In the present study, we examined chemical profiles of two closely related Bulbophyllum orchids—B. hortorum, and B. macranthoides subsp. tollenoniferum—distributed in Papua New Guinea and the Southeast Asian countries, respectively. We first observed that RK-sensitive flies were attracted to these orchids by ex situ cultivation in Penang, Malaysia. These Bulbophyllum orchids contained RK and/or ZN as their main floral components. Other than these attractants, multiple phenylbutanoids including potential attractants for RK-sensitive species were identified from these orchids. Therefore, we examined attractiveness of potential phenylbutanoid attractants to an RK-sensitive melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, using laboratory-reared flies. Furthermore, we analyzed molecular phylogenetic relationships among phenylpropanoid- or phenylbutanoid-producing orchids to see a relation between chemical profiles and phylogenetic classification in the related species.     

Discrimination of the rare medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale based on naringenin, bibenzyl, and polysaccharides

The aim of this study was to establish a method for discriminating Dendrobium officinale from four of its close relatives Dendrobium chrysanthum, Dendrobium crystallinum, Dendrobium aphyllum and Dendrobium devonianum based on chemical composition analysis. We analyzed 62 samples of 24 Dendrobium species. High performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed that the four low molecular weight compounds 4??,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone (naringenin), 3,4-dihydroxy-4??,5-dime-thoxybibenzyl (DDB-2), 3??,4-dihydroxy-3,5??-dimethoxybibenzyl (gigantol), and 4,4??-dihydroxy-3,3??,5-trimethoxybibenzy (moscatilin), were common in the genus. The phenol-sulfuric acid method was used to quantify polysaccharides, and the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides was determined by gas chromatography. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to differentiate among the five closely related species based on the chemical composition analysis. This proved to be a simple and accurate approach for discriminating among these species. The results also showed that the polysaccharide content, the amounts of the four low molecular weight compounds, and the mannose to glucose ratio, were important factors for species discriminant. Therefore, we propose that a chemical analysis based on quantification of naringenin, bibenzyl, and polysaccharides is effective for identifying D. officinale.