抗感吡虫啉褐飞虱在抗虫水稻品种上的适合度比较

建立抗呲虫啉褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St(a)l)种群和敏感呲虫啉褐飞虱种群在不同抗虫水稻品种(TN1、IR36)上的实验种群生命表,比较了抗感吡虫啉种群在感虫品种TN1上以及在抗虫品种IR36上饲养4代的种群趋势指数(Ⅰ)和适合度的差异.结果表明,在TN1上,抗呲虫啉和敏感吡虫啉褐飞虱种群的种群数...     

褐稻虱若虫雌雄与翅型特征鉴别研究

<正> 褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)是水稻的主要害虫之一。目前,对褐稻虱若虫雌雄与翅型特征鉴别,尚未见报道。为了提前一个虫态(几天至十几天)进行预测,以便对下一代发生量和发生期作出较可靠的趋势预测,为及时开展大面积防治提供科学依据。1977—1978年我们对褐稻虱若虫雌雄与翅型特征鉴别进行了     

稻虱缨小蜂对水稻品种挥发物的行为反应

四臂嗅觉仪的行为试验表明、稻虱缨小蜂（Anagrus nilapareatae Pang et Wang)对不同水稻品种挥发物的行为反应存在显差异。在测试的6个未受害水稻品种中。浙852和TN1对稻虱缨小蜂的引诱作用显强于Nabeshi。受褐飞虱[Nitapareata lugens(Stal)]为害后．品种间引诱作用的差异更趋明显。在同一品种内,稻虱缨小蜂对受橱飞虱为害后的稻椿挥发物比未受害的稻株挥发物具更强的行为反应。然而．在稻椿、褐飞虱若虫复合体与稻株、褐飞虱卵,雌成虫复合体的挥发物间不存在显差异。     

不同药剂对褐飞虱作用特性的比较

为高效和合理利用化学药剂防治褐飞虱Nilaparvta lugens( St(a)l),采用浸苗法和喷雾法测定了噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、氯噻啉和乙虫腈5种药剂对褐飞虱的作用活性和速度,同时还比较了噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱不同龄期若虫的作用活性.结果表明,在5种供试药剂中,从作用活性来看,无论是用浸苗法...     

桂东北稻区第七代褐飞虱迁飞规律及虫源分析

褐飞虱是我国水稻上的一种重要迁飞性害虫,在桂东北稻区不能越冬。近年来,作为次害代的第7代褐飞虱在桂东北稻区频繁暴发,桂东北稻区作为褐飞虱南北往返迁飞的重要通道,研究阐明该稻区第7代褐飞虱的迁飞规律及虫源分布,对第7代褐飞虱的早期预警和有效防控意义重大。利用灯光诱捕的方法研究了2007—2010年桂东北稻区褐飞虱的迁飞动态,并运用大气质点轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)和气象图形处理软件GrADS(Grid Analysis and Display System)对褐飞虱迁入、迁出峰次进行轨迹分析和气象背景分析。结果表明:(1)桂东北稻区第7代褐飞虱每年都会出现2—3次迁飞高峰,虫量高峰期主要集中在9月底至10月上旬。(2)迁入虫源主要来自江西中西部和湖南中东部稻区,从本地起飞的部分褐飞虱飞行24 h或36 h后能到达广西南部沿海、越南北部和海南等越冬区。(3)925 hPa的温度高则褐飞虱虫量高;盛行东北气流较多的年份,褐飞虱发生严重;微弱的下沉气流和无雨天气有利于褐飞虱的迁飞。     

褐飞虱和白背飞虱对几类杀虫剂的敏感性

为了科学用药和抗性治理提供理论基础, 采用稻茎浸渍法测定了2008年7月采自浙江省杭州市和宁波市褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性及褐飞虱和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)种群对16种杀虫剂的敏感性。褐飞虱抗药性测定结果表明, 与相对敏感品系相比, 杭州种群和宁波种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数分别为479.0倍和366.1倍; 对氯噻啉的抗性倍数分别为81.1倍和50.9倍; 对噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为10.3倍和9.4倍; 对噻嗪酮和氟虫腈分别产生了5.0~8.6倍和15.8~17.0倍的抗药性; 对烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的抗性倍数在3倍以下。两种稻飞虱对杀虫剂的敏感性测定结果表明: 噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱对褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群都具有较高的室内毒力。当田间褐飞虱和白背飞虱混合发生时, 可选用噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱进行防治, 不宜使用吡虫啉、氯噻啉和氟虫腈防治。     

褐稻虱取食动态的研究

<正> 褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens Stal是水稻穗期暴发性害虫,它以口针刺入植株吸取液汁,导致水稻失绿、枯萎、甚至死亡。褐稻虱取食量的变动,关系到其数量消长,翅型分化,为害程度,防治适期和防治指标。我们在1979年所进行的褐稻虱各虫态取食量测定研究的基础上,1980年又系统地进行褐稻虱不同虫态在不同水稻品种、生育期和不同时期的取食变化,其结果如下。     

几种植物次生物质对褐稻虱种群的控制作用模拟

为探讨褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)种群生态控制的作用机理,应用状态空间方程和作用因子添加分析法,研究植物次生物质不同组合对褐稻虱种群的控制作用;本研究以薇甘菊Mikania micrantha乙醇提取物、 飞机草Eupatorium odoratum乙醇提取物与现代苦楝Melia azedarach油的不同组合,作用于褐稻虱种群;根据不同虫期的调查数据,拟合出控制矩阵中各分块矩阵的元素值,并对褐稻虱种群的控制作用进行模拟。结果表明：单独施用薇甘菊乙醇提取物（1 g DW/100 mL）、飞机草乙醇提取物（1 g DW/100 mL）、 现代苦楝油（200倍）各1次, 能显著降低褐稻虱种群数量, 然而种群趋势指数I（population trend index）仍在1.00以上,即下代褐稻虱种群仍呈增长趋势,联合添加其中2种或3种能持续控制褐稻虱下代种群的增长。同时,植物次生物质对褐稻虱种群的控制作用主要表现在对成虫产卵的忌避作用,尤其是在本田种群建立的初期,由于其显著的忌避作用, 降低田间卵量,使其种群数量明显降低,可有效地控制其为害。     

小黄家蚁工蚁对褐稻虱的捕食作用

报道了小黄家蚁对褐稻虱的捕食作用．养虫笼及大试管捕食试验结果表明,小黄家蚁对褐稻虱若虫尤其是低龄若虫具有良好的捕食效果,捕食率分别为９３％和３０％,捕食的功能反应为ＨｏｌｉｎｇⅡ型反应,水稻品种抗性与捕食反应之间存在协同作用．     

粤北晚稻褐飞虱发生动态

【目的】粤北地区是褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)(BPJ)后期回迁重点区域。阐释后期褐飞虱回迁对粤北稻区的影响,可为其预测预报提供依据。【方法】利用轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT对2006—2012年粤北地区秋季回迁的褐飞虱主要峰次进行轨迹模拟,用气象制图工具Gr ADS分析2011年粤北褐飞虱回迁的降落机制,解析粤北地区后期回迁褐飞虱虫源地及其降落机制。【结论】(1)粤西北地区主要虫源地分布于湖南南部、福建南部和江西,粤东北地区虫源地主要分布于江西南部、福建南部以及广东东南沿海稻区。其中,地形因素是造成两地虫源差异的主要原因。(2)通过粤北地区2011年秋季几个迁入高峰日各气象要素分析结果显示,低空急流能为主降区输入褐飞虱虫源;低层切变线和强降雨过程是造成粤西北褐飞虱大规模降落的主要因素。(3)2011年粤北晚稻褐飞虱出现两个回迁高峰(8月下旬至9月上旬、9月下旬至10月上旬),随着晚稻进入分蘖抽穗期,良好的食料条件加之两次较大的回迁峰加重了褐飞虱对晚稻的危害。(4)8—9月份虫源地适宜的温度以及降水条件造成褐飞虱增殖暴发重要气候因素。     

现代化分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立与管理

医院分支杆菌菌库和基因库的建立 ,应用了计算机管理 ,不仅使各类菌及其相关资料得到系统管理 ,也为进一步研究和临床制定治疗计划提供了可靠信息 ,是医院现代化建设不可缺少的一环。     

紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势

本文分别从生物资源,药理学,化学合成和组织培养方面对红豆杉植物中紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究工作进行了综述,从中可以了解紫杉醇及其衍生物的研究概况与发展趋势。     

四种鹭类繁殖生态生物学研究

本文对夜鹭,白鹭,黄鹭白鹭,池鹭混群在同一巢区的繁殖,种间协高及雏鸟生长进行进行了观察研究,其中黄嘴白路豫南大别山类新纪录,在此繁殖亦为首次发现。几种路在巢位,食性,取食活动和习性方面都表现出其混居同一巢地繁殖的种间协调性,符合高期假说。比较４种鹭鸟雏鸟生长过程中各生长参数。其中池鹭虽个体最小,但体重和各部位生长却对较快。     

糖蜜草（Melinis minutiflora Beauv．）幼穗分化发育．及花和果实形态的研究

本文对糖密草（ＭｅｌｉｎｉｓｍｉｎｕｔｉｆｌｏｒａＢｅａｕｖ．）的幼穗分化发育及花和果实的形态作了研究,将幼穗分化发育过程划分为以下九个时期：第一苞原基形成期;第一次枝梗原基形成期;第二、三次枝梗原基形成期;小穗及颖花原基形成期;雌、雄蕊原基形成期;花粉母细胞形成期;花粉母细胞减数分裂期;花粉充实期;花粉成熟期。全过程历时约需４２ｄ．从抽穗到颖果成熟约需５０ｄ。糖蜜草的花序为圆锥花序。每花序有可育花２０００—３０００朵．小穗是由小穗轴、内外颖片、不育花外稃和小花构成。小花包括有内外稃各一片、一鳞被、雄蕊三枚和一枚雌蕊,颖果千粒重为９１ｍｇ。     

MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZAEA AND ACTINOSTACHYS

The gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Schizaea pseudodichotoma sp. nov., sporophyte and female parental gametophyte of S. diversispora hybr. nov. (S. pseudodicholoma X probably S. dichotoma), sporophyte of S. rhacoindusiata sp. nov., and gametophyte, old embryo, and sporophyte of Actinostachys macrofunda sp. nov. are described. The taxonomy of Schizaea is discussed and the system of Diels is strongly supported. The two sectional names used by Diels, Euschizaea Hook, and Lophidium Rich, are replaced by Pectinatae Prantl and Schizaea respectively. The prime morphological significance of Schizaea pseudodicholoma lies in its leafless embryo and its simple leaf differing from other species in its section, and that of Actinostachys macrofunda lies in its reduction to nearly complete heterotrophic existence and its frequent multiple annulus. Fungal hyphae have been traced from Schizaea and Actinostachys through the substratum and into root nodules of Casuarina and into roots of two other angiosperms.     

DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO ACIDS AND OF EXO- AND ENDOPEPTIDASES ALONG VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE NERVES

Abstract— The proximo-distal gradients for representative peptidases, peptidylpeptide hydrolases, and amino acids were measured in segments of peripheral nerve from invertebrates and vertebrates and in the lobster brain and ventral cord.
Crustacean nerve was characterized by a large pool of free amino acids totaling 100–200 μmoles/g wet wt. In lobster nerve, the principal free amino acid was aspartic acid which comprised 55 per cent of the free pool, whereas in the rat sciatic nerve it comprised only 5 per cent. The principal free amino acid in rat sciatic nerve was taurine (32 per cent of the pool) and in lobster brain glycine comprised 30 per cent of the pool. No consistent patterns emerged for the gradients along the nerves for amino acids and hydrolytic enzymes. In the leg nerve of the lobster, concentrations of aspartic acid and arginine were higher in the proximal region, and concentrations of proline and alanine were higher in the distal region. Concentrations of most amino acids were higher in the proximal regions of crab nerve, of lobster brain and ventral cord, and of rat sciatic nerve.
Rat sciatic nerve exhibited a pronounced proximo-distal increase in activity of aminopeptidase (Leu-Gly-Gly). In lobster leg nerve, activity of neutral proteinase was higher in the proximal segment, whereas activity of acid proteinase was higher in the distal segment. The best examples of proximo-distal gradients were found in lobster brain and ventral cord; activities of endopeptidases, arylamidases (Leu- and Arg-βNA), and aminopeptidase were higher in the supra-esophageal ganglia or cephalothorax segments than in the distal regions.     

ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOWER AND FRUIT OF PERESKIA PITITACHE

Boke, Norman H. (U. Oklahoma, Norman.) Anatomy and development of the flower and fruit of Pereskia pititache. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50 (8): 843–858. Illus. 1963.—Flowers of P. pititache are about 6 cm in diameter and perigynous. The receptacle bears numerous broad bracts; the inner perianth segments are orange and deeply cleft; the numerous stamens develop centrifugally. The fundamentally superior gynoecium is broad and flat and consists of 10–18 connate carpels, the fertile portions of which are involute and adnate to the conical floral axis. The 8–16 ovules in each of the pocket-like locules are borne in 2 rows along the zone of adnation; placentation is axile. The short style and the style branches are lined with stigmatic tissue, which extends downward among the ovules. There is no definite stigma. The tip of the floral axis retains its meristematic characteristics beyond anthesis. In early fruit development, the rim of the floral cup grows in height, while the residual floral axis becomes a conspicuous peg-like columella. Concomitantly, the formation of numerous mucilage cells and cavities causes the ovary partitions and parts of the ovary roof to disintegrate. As a result, the seeds are contained in a single, moat-like cavity, which appears inferior. Late fruit development is characterized by the differentiation of numerous fiber sclereids in association with the extensive and complex vascular system.