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1.
盆栽试验以黄瓜为主栽作物,分蘖洋葱为套作作物,研究了套作不同化感潜力分蘖洋葱对黄瓜生长及土壤微环境的影响.结果表明:与化感潜力强的分蘖洋葱套作,黄瓜根际土壤电导率降低、pH值提高;根际土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性提高,过氧化物酶活性降低;根际土壤细菌丰富度增加.DGGE条带测序显示,黄瓜根际土壤细菌大多与不可培养的细菌种属具有较高的同源性,共有条带的测序比对推测为放线菌纲和变形菌纲,差异条带的测序比对推测为变形菌纲和酸杆菌纲,红螺旋菌目、酸杆菌属只出现在与化感潜力弱的分蘖洋葱套作的黄瓜根际土壤中.相关分析表明,土壤脲酶与黄瓜幼苗株高、全株干质量、叶面积、DGGE条带数呈显著正相关.综上,与化感潜力强的分蘖洋葱套作,可为黄瓜生长创造良好的根际微环境,显著促进黄瓜幼苗生长.  相似文献   

2.
唐彪  张锡洲  阳显斌   《生态学杂志》2015,26(7):1977-1984
通过大田小区试验,研究烟蒜轮作、套作对烤烟产量和土壤不同形态磷的影响.结果表明: 烟蒜轮作、套作下烤烟产量和上中等烟比例较烤烟单作显著提高,下部叶成熟期根际土壤有效磷含量分别是烤烟单作的1.3和1.7倍.不同种植方式根际和非根际土壤无机磷组分含量均以O-P和Fe-P含量最高,Ca2-P和Al-P次之,Ca8-P和Ca10 -P含量最低.与烤烟单作和烟蒜套作处理相比,烟蒜轮作在上部叶成熟期根际土壤Ca2-P含量最低,Ca8-P在下部叶成熟期含量最低,Ca10-P含量在中部叶成熟期最低.烟蒜轮作和套作在下部叶成熟期和中部叶成熟期根际土壤Al-P含量分别是烤烟单作的1.6和1.9倍、1.2和1.9倍.烟蒜轮作和套作根际土壤O-P含量均显著低于烤烟单作.烟蒜轮作较烟蒜套作更能活化土壤中难溶的O-P、Ca10-P和高稳性有机磷,提高烤烟产量和中上等烟比例.  相似文献   

3.
李敏  吴凤芝 《生态学杂志》2014,25(12):3556-3562
以温室连作3年黄瓜土壤为研究对象,以黄瓜为主栽作物,以青葱、小麦、油菜为不同季节填闲作物设置盆栽试验,采用常规化学方法、PCR-DGGE及qPCR技术,研究不同填闲模式对黄瓜土壤酶活性及细菌群落的影响.结果表明: 随着种植茬次的增加,填闲小麦处理的土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶及转化酶活性均显著高于填闲青葱和油菜处理,同时油菜处理显著高于青葱处理;不同填闲模式间黄瓜根际土壤细菌群落结构不同,冬季填闲青葱和夏季填闲小麦处理维持了相对较高的多样性指数.qPCR检测结果表明: 随着种植茬次的增加,小麦处理的土壤细菌数量显著高于青葱和油菜处理.综上,不同填闲模式对土壤酶活性和细菌群落均产生一定影响,改变了土壤环境,其中夏季填闲小麦能保持相对较高的土壤酶活性、土壤细菌群落结构多样性及细菌数量.
  相似文献   

4.
利用PCR-DGGE技术研究了小麦/蚕豆、玉米/蚕豆和小麦/玉米间作对作物根际细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明:间作能够提高作物根际细菌群落多样性、改变根际细菌群落结构组成.其中,小麦/蚕豆间作对根际细菌群落结构的影响最为突出,作物花期时小麦/蚕豆间作显著提高和改变两种作物根际细菌多样性和群落结构组成.玉米/蚕豆间作主要表现出对苗期玉米根际细菌多样性的显著提高和群落结构组成的改变.小麦/玉米间作对作物根际细菌群落结构的影响程度较弱.同时,3种间作体系都具有不同程度的产量优势.结果证明了间作体系中地上部植物多样性与地下部微生物多样性存在紧密联系.  相似文献   

5.
不同种植模式下丹参根际土壤微生物群落结构变化   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
王悦  杨贝贝  王浩  杨程  张菊  朱濛  杨如意 《生态学报》2019,39(13):4832-4843
采用MiSeq高通量测序技术对连作、轮作、套作3种种植模式下丹参根际土壤中细菌的16S rDNA基因V3—V4区片段和真菌18S rDNA基因V4区片段进行了测序,研究了细菌和真菌群落结构的变化,并分析了其与土壤因子的关系,从根际微生态系统的变化阐释了丹参连作障碍的发生机理。总体上,细菌和真菌群落的大部分Alpha多样性指数在3种种植模式之间没有显著差异,但呈现轮作套作连作的趋势。与连作相比,轮作显著提高了细菌群落的香农-威纳指数和丛枝菌根真菌的侵染率。从细菌群落的组成上看,轮作模式下芽单胞菌门的相对丰度显著低于连作和套作。相反,轮作和套作时浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度则高于连作。轮作和套作模式下,真菌群落中的接合菌门、壶菌门和子囊菌门的相对丰度显著高于连作。另外,不同种植模式下微生物之间的相互作用关系也有明显差异,轮作甚至会造成真菌之间的相互关系发生逆转。连作模式下检出了丹参枯萎病的病原菌镰刀菌,而有益菌枯草杆菌属的数量却呈下降趋势,这可能是引起丹参病害加剧的原因之一。主坐标成分分析表明,微生物群落在3种种植模式之间没有发生显著的分化,前两个主坐标成分的总解释能力均小于30%,表明没有显著的主导因子。轮作和套作可以提高土壤pH和部分矿质营养,降低ORP。但是,土壤性质的变化仅影响细菌群落,对真菌群落的影响不明显。套作模式下,总钾和有效钾会提高细菌和真菌群落的多样性;轮作和连作模式下的真菌群落则刚好相反,它们更适应低钾和高ORP的环境。研究结果表明,轮作和套作可以在一定程度上改善土壤质量,提高根际细菌群落多样性,改变微生物群落组成,以及微生物-微生物、微生物-丹参之间的相互关系,这些可能是缓解丹参连作障碍的重要原因。  相似文献   

6.
细菌是土壤最重要的组成部分,土壤细菌的群落结构对土壤的健康至关重要,可以直接影响植物的生长。胡萝卜的长年连作导致其产量低、质量差等一系列问题的发生,连作问题已成为不可忽视的问题。本研究通过HiSeq PE250高通量测序和生物信息学方法获得了玉米胡萝卜轮作种植和胡萝卜连作种植中胡萝卜根际和非根际土壤细菌的组成结构。研究结果表明,相较于胡萝卜连作,玉米胡萝卜轮作种植改变了胡萝卜根际土壤细菌的组成和群落多样性。RM.M (玉米胡萝卜轮作根际土壤样品)样品中的优势菌门为放线菌门和厚壁菌门,RM.R (胡萝卜连作根际土壤样品)的优势菌门是变形菌门;有益菌如芽孢杆菌属和根瘤菌属在玉米胡萝卜轮作种植中的胡萝卜根际富集。RM.M与RM.R的细菌类群差异显著,群落多样性较低;NRM.M(玉米胡萝卜轮作非根际土壤样品)和NRM.R (胡萝卜连作非根际土壤样)的细菌类群差异不明显,群落多样性较高。与连作根际土壤相比,轮作根际土壤中有益菌的相对丰度较大,细菌相对丰度明显增加。本研究结果对通过调节根际土壤细菌组成来保证胡萝卜产量和质量的稳定,解决连作问题具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

7.
该研究以甘肃省中部渭源县大豆—当归轮作地、连作3年的当归地和荒地植物根际土为材料,采用PCR-RFLP法研究不同耕作方式下根际土壤细菌的群落多样性。应用CTAB-SDS法提取土壤微生物总DNA,建立土壤菌群16S rRNA基因克隆文库。用HaeⅢ,HhaⅠ和HinfⅠ对阳性克隆子进行酶切指纹图谱分析,测序并绘制系统进化树。经过初步分析,荒地、轮作地和连作地三者之间根际土壤细菌群落在种群数量和多样性上无显著差异,但在组成结构上存在明显差异,尤其是轮作和连作地。结果表明:轮作地和荒地的优势种群均为变形菌门,连作地的优势种群是拟杆菌门。进一步分析发现,对农作物有利的鞘脂单胞菌属(属于变形菌门)仅在轮作和荒地中出现,而在其他作物连作障碍中出现的无色杆菌属(属于拟杆菌门)仅在当归连作地中出现。因此,不同耕作方式对土壤细菌的群落组成结构影响较明显,土壤细菌群落组成结构的变化可能是当地当归连作障碍的重要原因之一;而轮作可有效提高根际土壤中细菌群落组成的多样性,并使有益细菌种群增加,改善土壤微生态环境,有效防止当归根腐病的发生。  相似文献   

8.
本溪山樱根际与非根际解磷细菌群落结构及动态变化   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用选择性培养基,对不同基质中的本溪山樱(Cerasus sachalinensis) 根际与非根际解磷细菌进行了分离、鉴定和分类,分析了3种不同基质中根际与非根际解磷细菌数量和类群的变化.结果表明,从3种不同配比的基质中分离纯化获得的解磷细菌分别属于13个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和沙雷铁氏菌属(Serratia)为主.其中添加炉渣的基质最适于解磷细菌的生长与繁殖,其种群数量最高,但类群的多样性指数低于另外两种土壤.本溪山樱不同生育期根际与非根际解磷细菌种群数量不同,新梢停长期根际中定殖的解磷细菌种群最多(共分离到6个菌属),新梢迅速生长期和落叶期较少,萌芽期最少.根际土壤解磷细菌多样性亦随生育期发生变化,新梢迅速生长期最高,落叶期次之,新梢停长期最低.非根际土壤则有随生育期逐渐减小的趋势.解磷细菌的根际效应较明显  相似文献   

9.
利用DGGE法研究不同种植体系中根际微生物群落结构   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用DGGE技术研究不同间作和轮作种植体系对作物根际细菌和真菌群落结构的影响.运用16SrDNA和18SrDNA特异引物对,将土壤中提取的总DNA进行PCR扩增后,通过DGGE技术对PCR产物进行分析,结果表明:玉米-蚕豆轮作对蚕豆根际细菌和真菌群落结构影响明显,二者都与单作蚕豆有较大差异;小麦/蚕豆间作明显改变两种作物根际细菌群落结构和蚕豆根际真菌群落结构;玉米/蚕豆间作明显改变玉米根际细菌、真菌群落结构和蚕豆根际真菌群落结构.  相似文献   

10.
为探究不同积累型小麦品种对根际微生物群落结构及功能多样性的影响,以镉低积累型小麦济麦22和镉高积累型小麦冀5265为研究材料,采用分离培养法和Biolog-Eco微平板法分析根际细菌数量、可培养优势群落结构以及微生物群落功能多样性。结果表明:污染土壤济麦22根际总细菌数量和抗Cd细菌数量均显著高于冀5265,而非污染土壤中两品种间无差异。污染土济麦22根际发现较多产脲酶和高镉抗性菌株(200 mg/L)。污染土济麦22根际优势菌多为Arthrobacter sp.和Bacillus sp.,冀5265根际优势菌主要为Streptomyces sp.;非污染土济麦22与冀5265根际优势菌群相似,均以Bacillus sp.为主。Biolog试验结果表明,两个小麦品种根际微生物群落对碳源的利用能力存在差异,济麦22根际微生物AWCD值、Mc Intosh指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数在污染土和无污染土中均显著高于冀5265。因此,污染土壤中不同积累型小麦品种根际微生物群落结构及功能多样性均存在差异,该研究结果对于揭示高低积累型小麦根际微生物机制提供了重要参考依...  相似文献   

11.
Yang Y  Wu FZ 《应用生态学报》2011,22(10):2627-2634
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping various Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on the cucumber growth and rhizospheric soil environment. When intercropped with high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars, the EC value and peroxidase activity of cucumber rhizospheric soil decreased, while the pH value, invertase and catalase activities, and bacterial community diversity increased. The cloning and sequencing results indicated that most DGGE bands amplified from cucumber rhizospheric soil samples showed a high homology to uncultured bacterial species. The common bands were affiliated with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the differential bacteria bands were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Anaerolineaceae. Rhodospirillales and Acidobacteria were only found in the cucumber rhizospheric soil intercropped with low allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between rhizospheric soil urease activity and cucumber seedlings height, total dry biomass, leaf area, and DGGE band number. It was suggested that intercropping high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars could establish a good rhizospheric soil micro-environment for cucumber growth, and promote the growth of cucumber seedlings markedly.  相似文献   

12.
As the major crops in north China, spring crops are usually planted from April through May every spring and harvested in fall. Wheat is also a very common crop traditionally planted in fall or spring and harvested in summer year by year. This continuous cropping system exhibited the disadvantages of reducing the fertility of soil through decreasing microbial diversity. Thus, management of microbial diversity in the rhizosphere plays a vital role in sustainable crop production. In this study, ten common spring crops in north China were chosen sole-cropped and four were chosen intercropped with peanut in wheat fields after harvest. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing of one 16S rDNA fragment were used to analyze the bacterial diversity and species identification. DGGE profiles showed the bacterial community diversity in rhizosphere soil samples varied among various crops under different cropping systems, more diverse under intercropping system than under sole-cropping. Some intercropping-specific bands in DGGE profiles suggested that several bacterial species were stimulated by intercropping systems specifically. Furthermore, the identification of these dominant and functional bacteria by DNA sequencing indicated that intercropping systems are more beneficial to improve soil fertility. Compared to intercropping systems, we also observed changes in microbial community of rhizosphere soil under sole-crops. The rhizosphere bacterial community structure in spring crops showed a strong crop species-specific pattern. More importantly, Empedobacter brevis, a typical plant pathogen, was only found in the carrot rhizosphere, suggesting carrot should be sown prudently. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that crop species and cropping systems had significant effects on bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere soils. We strongly suggest sorghum, glutinous millet and buckwheat could be taken into account as intercropping crops with peanut; while hulled oat, mung bean or foxtail millet could be considered for sowing in wheat fields after harvest in North China.  相似文献   

13.
《植物生态学报》2014,38(9):959
为探讨间作大豆(Glycine max)对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)根际土壤细菌及固氮细菌多样性的影响, 收集和开发固氮菌资源, 筛选高效甘蔗联合固氮体系, 选用3个甘蔗栽培品种‘ROC22’、‘GT21’、‘B8’与大豆品种‘Guizao 2’进行间种栽培, 采用巢式PCR特异扩增细菌16S rRNA基因片段和固氮细菌nifH基因片段, 并结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术, 对间作大豆的甘蔗根际土壤细菌及固氮细菌进行系统演化和多样性分析。聚类分析结果显示, 间作大豆改变了甘蔗根际土壤细菌及固氮细菌原来的群落组成结构, 尤其对固氮菌群落组成的改变更大, 但对群落物种的优势度影响较小。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数分析结果表明, 甘蔗-大豆间作显著影响甘蔗根际土壤中细菌和固氮菌的多样性, 其中对固氮细菌多样性的影响较大。不同甘蔗品种的根际土壤细菌和固氮菌在间作大豆条件下表现出不同的多样性, ‘ROC22’和‘GT21’间作处理甘蔗根际土壤固氮细菌的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于单作处理, 而‘ROC22’与大豆间作处理的甘蔗根际土壤固氮菌多样性最为丰富。在大豆生长盛期, 间作处理的甘蔗根际土壤细菌多样性最为丰富, 不同处理间的差异也最大, 随后下降。总体来看, 甘蔗-大豆间作显著地影响根际土壤细菌和固氮菌的群落结构和群落多样性, 有助于对甘蔗合理间作栽培模式的认识和筛选高效甘蔗联合固氮体系。  相似文献   

14.
Intercropping Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been widely applied in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwest China as a means of reducing soil and water losses and improving both land-use efficiency and economic returns. To understand how changes in soil conditions and nematode community structure can contribute to the evaluation of wheat–walnut intercropping systems from the view of soil fauna, we studied the soil nematode community in wheat rhizosphere soil under both monoculture and intercropping systems for 2 years. The results showed that the pH and total nitrogen and organic matter contents in intercropping systems with walnut trees were decreased compared with those of system with wheat alone. The nematode communities differed significantly between intercropping and monoculture plots, e.g., Rhabditis and Dorylaimus were dominant only in monocultures, whereas Tylenchus was dominant only in intercropping systems. Moreover, intercropping systems resulted in decreased nematode abundance, increased proportions of plant-feeding nematodes, and decreased omnivores/predators, particularly in the second year (2012). The decrease in diversity indices (H′) and ecological indices (WI, EI, and SI) of the nematode communities indicated high disturbance and low soil fertility in intercropping systems. Overall, wheat intercropping with walnut had a significant negative effect on wheat rhizosphere soil conditions.  相似文献   

15.
To assess effects of plant crop species on rhizosphere ascomycete communities in the field, we compared a wheat monoculture and an alternating crop rotation of wheat and potato. Rhizosphere soil samples were taken at different time points during the growing season in four consecutive years (1999-2002). An ascomycete-specific primer pair (ITS5-ITS4A) was used to amplify internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from total DNA extracts from rhizosphere soil. Amplified DNA was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Individual bands from DGGE gels were sequenced and compared with known sequences from public databases. DGGE gels representing the ascomycete communities of the continuous wheat and the rotation site were compared and related to ascomycetes identified from the field. The effect of crop rotation exceeded that of the spatial heterogeneity in the field, which was evident after the first year. Significant differences between the ascomycete communities from the rhizospheres of wheat in monoculture and one year after a potato crop were found, indicating a long-term effect of potato. Sequencing of bands excised from the DGGE gels revealed the presence of ascomycetes that are common in agricultural soils.  相似文献   

16.
为了分析添加高粱根茬根际土对连作黄瓜生长和根际微生物群落特征的影响,本研究通过盆栽试验,采用荧光定量PCR和高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌和真菌群落组成的差异。试验共设4个处理: CK(不施肥),T1(单施化肥),T2(优化施肥),T3(优化施肥+高粱根茬根际土)。结果表明: 与其他处理相比,T3处理促进了黄瓜生长发育,提高了土壤中16S rRNA和ITS rRNA基因数量。与T1处理相比,T2和T3处理明显提高了细菌群落的丰富度和多样性,不同处理间真菌群落的丰富度和多样性差异不明显。添加高粱根茬根际土在一定程度上改变了基于门、属水平上的细菌和真菌群落结构。其中,细菌中提高了酸杆菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度,降低了变形菌门、厚壁菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和芽孢杆菌属的丰度;真菌中提高了担子菌门、木霉菌属和假散囊菌属的丰度,降低了镰刀菌属和绿僵菌属的丰度。冗余分析表明,土壤硝态氮和有机质含量分别是影响细菌和真菌群落结构差异的关键因子。添加高粱根茬根际土不仅提高了连作黄瓜土壤微生物数量和细菌多样性,而且增加了有益菌木霉菌属的丰度,降低了致病镰刀菌的丰度和数量,保障了黄瓜存活率,为缓解黄瓜连作障碍提供了一条切实可行的解决途径。  相似文献   

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