中国栘木衣属（Docynia Dcne.）一新种——长爪栘木衣

报道了栘木衣属一新种,长爪栘木衣(Docynia longisunguis Q.Luo et J.L.Liu)。该新种与栘木衣(Docynia indica(Will.) Dcne.)和云南栘木衣(Docynia delavayi (Franch.)Schneid.)相似,但以花较大,直径3.5~4 cm,花瓣长20～25 mm,宽12～16 mm,基部具长爪,长5～9 mm,雄蕊46～53;子房5～6（7）,花柱5～6（7）;果径3～4.5 cm,而与它们相区别。     

中国算盘子属(叶下珠科)一些种的分类学处理

算盘子属(Glochidion J.R.G.Forst.)是叶下珠科(Phyllanthaceae)叶下珠族(Phyllantheae)中一个分类极为困难的类群。基于广泛野外考察与馆藏标本查阅,对中国该属部分物种进行分类学处理。其中,长柱算盘子[G.khasicum(Müll.Arg.)Hook.f.]与倒卵叶算盘子(G.obovatum SieboldZucc.)在中国的分布予以排除,菲岛算盘子[G.philippicum(Cav.)C.B.Rob.]在中国被发现仅分布于台湾地区;G.bodinieri H.Lév.,G.pseudo-obscurum var.glabrum Pamp.与G.pseudo-obscurum var.lanceolatum Pamp.这三个名称被处理为湖北算盘子(G.wilsonii Hutch.)的新异名;G.vaniotii H.Lév.被排除在算盘子属外,并接受为芸香科臭常春(Orixa japonica Thunb.)的异名。另外,对G.khasicum(Müll.Arg.)Hook.f.,G.obovatum SieboldZucc.,G.philippicum(Cav.)C.B.Rob.,G.pseudo-obscurum var.lanceolatum Pamp.及G.wilsonii Hutch.这五个名称进行了后选模式的指定。     

山荔枝化学成分的研究

从山荔枝 (Dendrobenthamiacapitata(Wall.)Hutch .)的叶和皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到 6个化合物 ,经波谱分析鉴定为双氢杨梅苷 (dihydromyricetin ,1)、儿茶素 ((+) gallocatechin ,2 )、表儿茶素((- ) epicatechin ,3)、异槲皮苷 (isoquercitrin ,4 )、乌苏酸 (ursolicacid ,5 )和胡萝卜苷 (daucosterol,6 ) ,其中化合物 1,2 ,3和 4均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

浙江木犀科一新种——浙南木犀

该文描述了采自浙江南部的木犀属(Osmanthus Lour.)一新种——浙南木犀(O.austrozhejiangensis Z.H.Chen,W.Y.Xie et X.Liu),并附有线描图和彩色照片。该种在具聚伞花序,叶柄、小枝、苞片、花梗被柔毛等性状上接近于毛柄木犀(O.pubipedicellatus Chia ex H.T.Chang),不同之处在于叶片倒卵形、倒卵状椭圆形或椭圆形,长(5.5~)8~10(~13)cm,宽(2.2~)3~4.5(~5)cm,先端急尖或短渐尖,叶缘具尖锐细锯齿或全缘,侧脉8~10对,花较大,花冠管长2.2~2.3 mm,裂片长2.2~3.0 mm,花丝长1.3~1.5 mm,花药长约1.2 mm。该新种的发现为研究东亚木犀属自西南向东北方向迁移与演化提供了新的材料。     

封面植物介绍——裸茎碎米荠

正裸茎碎米荠(Cardamine scaposa Franch.)隶属于十字花科(Brassicaceae)碎米荠属。多年生草本,高4~18cm,花葶状,全株无毛。根状茎纤细,匍匐生长。茎单一直立,无叶。基生叶单一;叶柄长1~12cm;叶近于圆形或肾状圆形,长0.3~2.0cm,宽0.5~3.0cm,基部心形,边缘波状或全缘。无茎生叶。总状花序顶生,具2~10朵花。果期花梗直立或上升,长1~4cm,基部的最长。萼片卵圆形或椭圆形,长3~4mm,宽1.5~2.2mm,边缘膜质,白色透明。花瓣白色,倒卵形,长8~13mm,宽5~7mm,顶端圆或微凹,基部     

封面植物介绍——裸茎碎米荠

正裸茎碎米荠(Cardamine scaposa Franch.)隶属于十字花科(Brassicaceae)碎米荠属。多年生草本,高4~18cm,花葶状,全株无毛。根状茎纤细,匍匐生长。茎单一直立,无叶。基生叶单一;叶柄长1~12cm;叶近于圆形或肾状圆形,长0.3~2.0cm,宽0.5~3.0cm,基部心形,边缘波状或全缘。无茎生叶。总状花序顶生,具2~10朵花。果期花梗直立或上升,长1~4cm,基部的最长。萼片卵圆形或椭圆形,长3~4mm,宽1.5~2.2mm,边缘膜质,白色透明。花瓣白色,倒卵形,长8~13mm,宽5~7mm,顶端圆或微凹,基部     

封面植物介绍——裸茎碎米荠

正裸茎碎米荠(Cardamine scaposa Franch.)隶属于十字花科(Brassicaceae)碎米荠属。多年生草本,高4~18cm,花葶状,全株无毛。根状茎纤细,匍匐生长。茎单一直立,无叶。基生叶单一;叶柄长1~12cm;叶近于圆形或肾状圆形,长0.3~2.0cm,宽0.5~3.0cm,基部心形,边缘波状或全缘。无茎生叶。总状花序顶生,具2~10朵花。果期花梗直立或上升,长1~4cm,基部的最长。萼片卵圆形或椭圆形,长3~4mm,宽1.5~2.2mm,边缘膜质,白色透明。花瓣白色,倒卵形,长8~13mm,宽5~7mm,顶端圆或微凹,基部     

广西植物名录补遗(Ⅷ)

该文报道了17个广西新记录物种，即柔毛阴山荠[Yinshania henryi(Oliv.) Y. H. Zhang]、臭荠(Lepidium didymum L.)、小酸模(Rumexa acetosella L.)、浙江凤仙花(Impatiens chekiangensis Y. L. Chen)、贵州海桐(Pittosporum kweichowense Gowda)、越南圆叶梭罗树(Reevesia orbicularis Tardieu)、冬青叶鼠刺(Itea ilicifolia Oliv.)、窄叶枇杷(Eriobotrya henryi Nakai)、瘤枝密花树[Myrsine verruculosa(C. Chen) Pipoly&C. Chen]、毛腺萼木(Mycetia hirta Hutch.)、二萼丰花草[Spermacoce exilis(L. O. Williams) C. D. Adams]、滇苦菜(Picris divaricata Vaniot)、纤细通泉草(Mazus gracilis Hemsl.)、皱叶荚蒾(Viburnum rhytid...     

关于二色锦鸡儿与云南锦鸡儿的分类学问题

对二色锦鸡儿(Caragana bicolor Kom.)与云南锦鸡儿(C.franchetiana Kom.)的鉴别特征进行了研究,认为云南锦鸡儿小叶较大(5～9 mm×3～3.5 mm),针刺较长(4～8 cm),花萼一般呈黄褐色,近纸质,萼齿狭三角形,长3 mm,约为萼筒的1/3,而二色锦鸡儿的小叶较小(3～8 mm×2～4 mm),针刺较短(2～3 cm),花萼一般呈深褐色,近革质,萼齿狭披针形,长约为萼筒的2/3或与萼筒近等长.支持赵一之将吉隆锦鸡儿(C.gyirongensis Ni)归并入云南锦鸡儿,同时将产于西藏林芝及云南德钦一带的粗刺锦鸡儿(C.crassispina Marq.)降为云南锦鸡儿的变种,对其做了新组合.     

檀香

<正>檀香(Santalum album L.)为檀香科(Santalaceae)檀香属植物。常绿小乔木,高可达10 m,具寄生根,为半寄生植物。叶对生,椭圆形或卵状披针形,膜质,长4~8 cm,宽2~4 cm,顶端锐尖,基部楔形,全缘,无毛;叶柄短。枝圆柱状,带灰褐色,具条纹,有多数皮孔和半圆形的叶痕;小枝细长,淡绿色,节间稍肿大。聚伞状圆锥花序腋生和顶生,长2.5~4 cm;苞片2枚,微小,位于花序的基部,钻状披针形,长2.5~3 mm,早落;总花梗长2~5 cm;花梗长2~4 mm,有细条纹;花小,长4~4.5 mm,直径5~     

中国算盘子属植物省级分布新记录

报道了叶下珠科算盘子属4种植物在中国6个省区的分布新记录,其中贵州分布新记录有圆果算盘子［Glochidion sphaerogynum (Müll. Arg.) Kurz］,广东分布新记录有宽果算盘子(G. oblatum Hook. f.)和台闽算盘子(G. rubrum Blume),海南和广西分布新记录有宽果算盘子,湖南分布新记录有湖北算盘子(G. wilsonii Hutch.),浙江分布新记录有台闽算盘子。     

Determination of root biomasses of three species grown in a mixture using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen

A method is evaluated that employs variation in stable C and N isotopes from fractionations in C and N acquisition and growth to predict root biomasses of three plant species in mixtures. Celtis laevigata Willd. (C₃), Prosopis glandulosa Torr. (C₃, legume) and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (C₄), or Gossypium hirsutum L. (C₃), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (C₃ legume), and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (C₄) were grown together in separate, three-species combinations. Surface roots (0–10 cm depth) of each species from each of the two combinations were mixed in various proportions, and the relative abundances of ¹⁵N and ¹⁴N and ¹³C and ¹²C in prepared mixtures, surface roots of single species, and roots extracted from the 80-cm soil profile in which each species combination was grown were analyzed by mass spectrometry. An algebraic determination which employed the δ ¹³C, % ¹⁵N, and C and N concentrations of root subsamples of individual species accounted for more than 95% of the variance in biomass of each species in prepared mixtures with G. max, G. hirsutum, and S. bicolor. A similar analysis demonstrated species-specific differences in rooting patterns. Root biomasses of the C₄ monocots in each combination, S. scoparium and S. bicolor, were concentrated in the upper 20 cm of soil, while those of G. hirsutum and the woody P. glandulosa were largest in lower soil strata. Analyses of stable C and N isotopes can effectively be used to distinguish roots of species which differ in ratios of ¹⁵N to ¹⁴N and ¹³C to ¹²C and thus to study belowground competition between or rooting patterns of associated species with different C and N isotope signatures. The method evaluated can be extended to quantify aboveground and belowground biomasses of component species in mixtures with isotopes of other elements or element concentrations that differ consistently among plants of interest.     

黄算珠树(叶下珠科)的名实订正

黄算珠树(Glochidion fortunei Hance)在《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》中被处理为算盘子[G.puber(L.)Hutch.]的异名,但在《广东植物志》中则作为独立物种所收录。基于形态特征比较和文献研究,黄算珠树与台闽算盘子(G.rubrum Blume)实为同种,故将黄算珠树处理为台闽算盘子的异名。另外,将算盘子的学名由Glochidion puberum纠正为G.puber。     

Morphological differences between larvae and in vitro-cultured adults of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii (Nematoda: Anisakidae)

Proper identification of Anisakis species infecting host fishes is very important to both human health and fish disease diagnosis. The foremost problem in the identification of Anisakis larvae in fishes is that L3 larvae cannot be easily differentiated morphologically, especially between A. simplex (sensu stricto) (s.s.) (Rudolphi, 1809) and A. pegreffii Campana-Rouget et Biocca, 1955. Instead, molecular means such as allozyme, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cox2 region and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses had been successfully used. In this study, morphological differences of L3 larvae collected from fishes and in vitro-cultured L4 larvae and adult A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii were evaluated. Anisakis larvae were collected from 7 different host fishes within Japan. Undamaged A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii collected from Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum) and Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, respectively, were used for in vitro-culture in order to obtain L4 and adult stages. Species identification was confirmed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and by mtDNA cox2 gene sequencing. Results revealed that L3, L4 and adult stages of A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii are morphologically distinguishable based on ventriculus length, wherein the former has longer ventriculus (0.90–1.50 mm) than the latter (0.50–0.78 mm). For oesophagus/ventriculus ratio, these two species are distinguishable only during L4 and adult stages. Also, adult male A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii were found to be distinguishable by differences in the distribution pattern of the caudal papillae, particularly the 3rd pair of distal papillae.     

澜沧江流域北部中华蜜蜂有毒蜂蜜孢粉学和营养生态位分析

为分析澜沧江流域北部人食用蜂蜜中毒的原因,于2013年6—9月份,对该区域蜜蜂和蜜源植物的分布情况进行了调查,观察蜜蜂采集有毒蜜源植物的行为,并进一步调查了蜜蜂巢内蜂蜜、蜂花粉的储存情况,采集了中华蜜蜂蜂蜜样品,进行蜂蜜孢粉学与营养生态位分析。该区域有大量采用传统方式进行人工饲养的中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana),及少量野生中华蜜蜂、黑色小蜜蜂(Apis audreniformis)、黑色大蜜蜂(Apis laboriosa smith)群体分布;人工饲养的中华蜜蜂蜂巢内部结构与野生中华蜜蜂蜂巢相似,为自然蜂巢,内有充足的蜜粉储存,部分蜂群蜂巢内虫害严重。该区域内主要蜜源植物为荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench),其他零星辅助蜜源较多,部分地点南烛(Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb)、昆明山海棠(Tripterygium hypoglaucum(Levl.)Hutch)连片集中分布。对中华蜜蜂蜂蜜进行孢粉学和营养生态位分析,结果表明:中华蜜蜂蜂蜜标本中含有有毒蜜源植物南烛、昆明山海棠花粉,部分样品中南烛、昆明山海棠的花粉含所占比例较高;中华蜜蜂的营养生态位宽度为0.22,比其他地区中华蜜蜂生态位指数小,推测澜沧江水电枢纽的修建等人为原因已对蜜蜂种类、蜜源植物的物种组成、群落结构造成了较大影响。     

623. DACTYLICAPNOS MACROCAPNOS

Summary Dactylicapnos macrocapnos (Prain) Hutch., a tuberous rooted perennial climber from China, India and Nepal, is described and illustrated. Characters distinguishing it from D. scandens are provided, although the two species in cultivation are easily recognized.     

IBA浓度、扦插时间对江西杜鹃和百合花杜鹃扦插生根的影响

为探明有鳞大花亚组杜鹃扦插生根的最佳IBA浓度和扦插时间,该研究以江西杜鹃、百合花杜鹃为材料,分别采用腐叶土+河沙(1:1)、泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质,开展了4个IBA浓度和4个扦插时间的生根试验.结果表明:IBA浓度对除老叶留存数外的所有指标有显著影响,其中100 mg·L-1 IBA处理生根率、新梢长最大,腐烂率最低,其它指标也表现良好,为最佳生根浓度;50 mg·L-1 IBA处理根幅、新梢率最大,但不定根数最少,效果其次;200 mg·L-1 IBA处理促进根系生长,但生根率较低、特别是显著抑制新梢发育;对照处理生根效果最差.扦插时间对所有生根指标均有显著影响,早春(04-18)木质化硬枝扦插除老叶留存数较差外,其它指标均表现极佳,为最适扦插时间;秋季(10-19)半木质-木质化过渡枝扦插效果其次;夏季(06-21)嫩枝及(08-16)半木质化枝生根效果极差,不宜进行扦插育苗.物种、基质对生根指标也有显著影响,百合花杜鹃扦插生根能力强于江西杜鹃,泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质生根效果优于腐叶土+河沙(1:1).该研究结果首次发现早春新梢萌发前采用木质化硬枝扦插可以显著提高两种杜鹃的生根效果,为该亚组杜鹃的扦插育苗提供了科学依据.     

中国四齿芥属一新记录种——帕米尔四齿芥

报道了十字花科(Brassicaceae)四齿芥属(Tetracme Bunge)一中国新记录种——帕米尔四齿芥(Tetracme pamirica Vassilcz.)。标本采自西藏自治区札达县底雅乡,生于干燥的河谷坡地。该种与相近种四齿芥的区别是,角果长10~13 mm,种子长1~2 mm。凭证标本保存在内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)。     

中国酢浆草科1新记录种——长梗感应草及其后选模式指定

报道了酢浆草科(Oxalidaceae)感应草属(Biophytum DC.)的1个中国新记录种——长梗感应草[Biophytum reinwardtii(Zucc.)Klotzsch],提供了其形态描述和标本照片,并对其后选模式作了选定。该种新发现于中国西南部中缅边境的盈江县。长梗感应草与感应草[B.sensitivum(Linn.)Candolle]最为近似,但前者的花梗在花期长5~7mm,而后者的花梗长约1mm,两者容易区别。