松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮储量的空间特征

利用第二次全国和县级土壤普查的382个典型土壤剖面资料和1∶50万数字化土壤图建立土壤剖面空间数据库,利用土壤类型法估算松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳、氮储量,分析土壤有机碳、氮密度的空间分布特征,探讨土壤有机碳、氮密度与土壤类型和土地利用类型之间的关系.结果表明:松嫩平原玉米带土壤有机碳、氮储量分别为(163.12±26.48)Tg和(9.53±1.75)Tg,土壤碳、氮储量主要集中在草甸土、黑钙土和黑土等土类中.土壤有机碳、氮密度分别为5.51～25.25和0.37～0.80kg·m-2,土壤C/N值大致在7.90～12.67.土壤有机碳、氮密度的空间分布均表现为东部和北部高、西部低.在不同土地利用类型中,旱田土壤的有机碳密度最高,为(19.07±2.44)kg·m-2;林地土壤的氮密度最高,为(0.82±0.25)kg·m-2;水田土壤的碳、氮密度均较低.     

松嫩平原农田土壤有机碳变化及固碳潜力估算

基于1979—1985年全国第二次土壤普查和2015年实地采样数据,利用土壤类型法计算了近35年来松嫩平原及其各县农田表层土壤有机碳密度和土壤碳库储量;并分析了松嫩平原农田土壤有机碳密度的空间分布及变化特征;利用饱和值法对松嫩平原及其各县市农田土壤有机碳量的变化趋势进行拟合,估算其农田土壤的固碳潜力。结果表明:(1)2015年松嫩平原农田表层土壤有机碳密度平均值为1.61 kg/m~2,近35年来约有81.59%的农田土壤有机碳密度呈下降趋势,集中分布在松嫩平原北部、东部和东南部地区,以富裕县东部、依安县中部、肇东县西部、扶余县西部等地区土壤有机碳密度下降幅度最大;(2)2015年松嫩平原农田表层土壤有机碳库总储量为233.63 Tg,比全国第二次土壤普查减少了32.62 Tg;(3)2015年松嫩平原农田表层土壤总固碳潜力为-32.7 TgC,呈现出"碳源"趋势,农田土壤单位面积固碳潜力平均值为-1.793×10~(-3)Tg/km~2。     

上海市不同土地利用方式下的土壤碳氮特征

在野外采样和试验分析的基础上,研究了上海市土地利用方式及其变化对土壤有机碳、总氮含量及土壤有机碳密度的影响.结果表明:上海不同土地利用方式下的土壤有机碳、总氮含量及有机碳密度均存在显著差异.不同土地利用方式下的土壤有机碳密度大小依次为:水稻田(3.86 kg.m-2)旱地(3.17 kg.m-2)林地(3.15 kg.m-2)撂荒地(2.73 kg.m-2)城市草坪(2.65 kg.m-2)园地(2.13 kg.m-2)滩涂(1.38 kg.m-2).通过相邻样地法,分析了水田转变为旱地、农田撂荒及水田转变为人工林地等3种土地利用变化对土壤有机碳、总氮的影响.由水田转化为旱地将导致土壤有机碳、总氮含量及有机碳密度显著降低;在水热充足、土壤肥沃、农田管理水平较高的长三角平原地区,农田撂荒并不是一种提高土壤有机碳储量的有效方式;水田转变为人工林地4～5年后,林地土壤有机碳、总氮含量及有机碳密度均低于相邻的水稻田,表明水田转变为林地并未引起土壤碳、氮的增加,从短期来看,人工林土壤有机碳的汇集效应因植被生产力水平的限制还处于较低水平.     

福建省耕地土壤全氮密度和储量动态变化

准确估算土壤全氮密度和储量的动态变化能为氮肥优化管理和水体富营养化防控提供重要依据。以位于福建省不同地区的闽侯县、同安区、武平县和永定县1982年11087个样点及2008年1616个样点建立的1∶5万土壤数据库为基础,利用尺度上推的方法分析了1982—2008年福建省耕地全氮密度和储量的动态变化。结果表明,近30年来福建省耕地土壤氮素富集明显,全氮密度和储量分别上升了0.08 kg/m2和1.22 Tg,但不同土壤类型差异较大,紫色土土类、酸性紫色土亚类和猪肝土土属氮素富集最明显,全氮密度均上升了0.18 kg/m2;赤红壤土类、淹育水稻土亚类和赤土土属氮素损失最多,全氮密度均下降了0.10 kg/m2。水稻土土类、渗育水稻土亚类和黄泥田土属全氮储量增加最多,分别达1.24、0.80 Tg和0.71 Tg;赤红壤土类、赤红壤亚类和灰砂泥田土属下降最多,分别达0.13、0.13 Tg和0.08 Tg。因此,在今后的福建省耕地管理中根据不同土壤类型氮素富集程度合理指导施肥,以节约资源和减少氮素流失是十分必要的。     

1980—2011年川东平行岭谷区农田土壤有机碳动态

选取重庆市垫江县为川东平行岭谷的典型区,使用1980第二次土壤普查和2011年实测土壤数据,基于土壤类型,运用通用SOC密度/储量计算法和逐步回归分析,对研究区1980—2011年0—20 cm农田SOC动态和动因进行分析,结果表明:(1)1980—2011年农田0—20 cm土层SOC密度/储量总体表现为略有增加态势,单位面积碳增量2307.63 kg C/hm2,碳增汇235945.83 t,增幅为10.74%,年均增长速率为72.11 kg C hm-2a-1;(2)丢碳、固碳和相对平衡面积比37.61∶49.03∶13.36,总体呈西部、西北部高于南部、东南部,更高于东北部和西南部的格局;(3)宏观上1980—2011年农田0—20 cm土层SOC密度/储量变化与土壤类型的分布及利用有很大关系,尤其是黄壤和紫色土在相异的质地本底和不同的扰动下,展现出相反的碳汇/源状态;(4)微观上SOC密度年均变化速率影响最大的因素是SOC密度初始值全N密度C/N比,且全N密度和C/N比拥有正向影响,SOC密度初始值则相反;⑸结果为川东平行岭谷区借助施加适当投入和合适的耕作与管理实践,有效管理农田表层SOC库提供科学依据。     

1940—2002年长江中下游平原乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤氮磷储量的变化

过去60a间,长江中下游平原乡村景观区域中土地利用覆被类型,特别是耕地类型发生了显著地转变,并对其土壤全氮和全磷产生了明显地影响。通过选取区域代表性样方、研究耕地类型的小尺度转化、土壤取样和收集1965年前土壤全氮、全磷历史数据,采用尺度推绎和蒙特卡洛不确定性分析方法,评价了1940-2002年长江中下游平原人口密集的乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤全氮、全磷储量的变化。结果表明:近60a来,在86×103km2的区域中有47%的面积发生了变化,其中33%的面积是耕地类型转化。耕地面积减少18.6%(-16.0×103km2),其中稻田面积减少21.5%(-18.5×103km2),种植木本作物的旱地面积减少1.7%(-1.5×103km2);而种植木本作物和种植1年生作物的水浇地的面积分别增加了3.5%(3.0×103km2)和2.0%(1.7×103km2)。尽管稻田面积大幅减少,但其仍是区域中面积最大的土地利用覆被类型。1940-2002年,有98%的可能性区域耕地0-30cm土壤全氮储量净减少,而其0-30cm土壤全磷储量则无明显变化。区域耕地土壤全氮储量明显减少(-7.2Tg N),主要受稻田土壤全氮储量显著减少(-8.0Tg N)的影响,而稻田面积大幅减少是导致稻田土壤全氮储量减少的主要原因。与此同时,种植木本作物的旱地的土壤全氮储量减少了0.7Tg N;而种植木本作物和种植1年生作物的水浇地分别增加1.3和0.7Tg N。区域耕地土壤全磷储量变化不明显,主要受稻田土壤全磷储量无明显变化的影响。尽管稻田面积大幅减少,但由于稻田土壤全磷密度增加了29%(其净增加的可能性为76%);加之稻田土壤全磷密度变异较大,所以稻田土壤全磷储量并没有明显减少,其净减少的可能性仅为64%。与此同时,有75%的可能性种植木本作物的旱地的土壤全磷储量净减少,但仅减少了0.3Tg P;而种植木本作物的水浇地和种植1年生作物的水浇地土壤全磷都有少量增加,分别为0.7和0.4Tg P。通过选取区域代表性样方、研究耕地类型的小尺度转化、土壤取样和收集土壤历史数据、结合尺度推绎和蒙特卡洛不确定性分析方法,能够揭示1940-2002年长江中下游平原人口密集的乡村景观区域中耕地类型及其土壤全氮和全磷储量的变化。     

开垦对绿洲农田碳氮累积及其与作物产量关系的影响

以新疆策勒绿洲近百年来不同开垦年限农田为研究对象,采用空间序列换算时间序列的方法,研究绿洲农田开垦过程中土壤有机碳和全氮密度、碳氮比(C/N)及速效氮含量的垂直变化特征,并探讨了农田土壤碳氮变化与作物产量的关系。结果表明:荒漠土壤开垦后,显著增加了表层土壤(0-20 cm)有机碳和全氮密度,随开垦年限延长对深层土壤(40-200 cm)有机碳密度也有一定的影响,如在开垦30 a左右时下降了36.4%,但在100 a左右时则增加了52.0%。耕层土壤C/N随开垦年限延长而明显增加,深层土壤除100 a农田外其它均有不同程度下降;不同土层C/N与速效氮含量呈负相关关系,仅在开垦初期(0-10 a)达到显著水平。不同年限农田的玉米产量存在显著差异,且和有机碳及全氮密度(0-200 cm)均呈显著正相关;棉花除100和10 a农田产量差异较小外,在其它农田间均达显著水平,但和有机碳及全氮密度无明显相关性。由此可见,在现有投入条件下,提高土壤碳氮累积量对增加玉米产量仍有十分重要作用,但对棉花产量的影响不明显。     

陕西黄土台塬近三十年耕地动态变化的表层土壤有机碳效应

区域土地利用类型转变对土壤有机碳储量的影响,是生态环境效应评价的核心问题。根据土壤样点和土地利用数据,研究了陕西黄土台塬近三十年耕地转变对表层(0—20 cm)土壤有机碳密度和储量的影响。结果表明:(1)1985—2006、2006—2015年耕地的土地利用转化率分别为2.81%和17.89%,说明退耕还林政策加快了研究区土地利用类型转换速度。(2)研究区近三十年不同年份耕地表层土壤有机碳密度变化差异较大,1985年为1.73 kg/m~2,2006年较之增加8.09%,2015年较2006年增加36.36%。(3)1985—2006年,耕地不变和发生转变的面积分别为9429.87 km~2和272.41 km~2,表层土壤增加的碳储量分别为927.93×10~6 kg和33.8×10~6 kg。2006—2015年,耕地不变和发生转变的面积分别为8119.04 km~2和1768.47 km~2,表层土壤碳储量增加值分别为3132.79×10~6 kg和1198.99×10~6 kg。⑷耕地转变为林草地等类型,有利于表层土壤有机碳储量的增加,是朝着碳汇方向进行。因此,陕西黄土台塬退耕还林可以增加生态系统碳固定。     

基于1∶100万土壤数据库的中国土壤有机碳密度及储量研究

基于中国1∶100万土壤数据库,利用土壤有机碳储量和碳密度的空间化表达和计算方法研究中国土壤有机碳密度及储量.土壤空间数据库包含926个土壤类型单元,690个土属类型,94000多个图斑;土壤属性数据库收录了7292个全国各类型土壤的剖面数据,包括81个土壤属性字段.研究采用“土壤类型GIS连接法”实现土壤剖面有机碳密度与图形图斑连接,通过制图单元碳储量求和得出全国或者区域碳储量,并利用面积平均法计算全国及各类型土壤的有机碳平均密度.结果表明,中国的土壤面积共有928.10×104km2,有机碳储量为89.14Pg(1Pg=1015g),土壤平均碳密度9.60kg.m-2,是目前与真值最为接近的研究结果.     

土壤pH调控固氮植物和非固氮植物间的氮转移

氮作为构成蛋白质的主要成分, 是植物生长的必要营养物质。陆地生态系统普遍存在土壤氮缺乏的现象, 混交种植模式中固氮植物可以将生物固定的氮转移给非固氮植物, 是满足非固氮植物氮需求的途径之一。明确固氮和非固氮植物间氮转移的影响因素有助于恢复退化生态系统, 构建稳定群落, 增加生态系统生产力。为了量化环境及生物等因素对氮转移的影响, 该研究采用文献调研法, 对118组氮转移比例(氮转移量占非固氮植物氮含量的比值, P_transfer)文献和实验数据(包括21种固氮植物和23种非固氮植物)进行了线性混合模型分析。结果表明土壤pH是影响P_transfer变化的最主要因素(解释量为44.04%), 其次为年平均温度(解释量为9.14%)以及固氮与非固氮植物生物量比值(解释量为2.95%), 而作为随机因素的固氮和非固氮植物物种差异的解释量为16.52%。此外, 碱性土壤中P_transferr显著高于酸性土壤。在酸性土壤中, 年平均温度(解释量为12.49%)和土壤总氮含量(解释量为11.72%)是影响P_transfer差异的主要因素, P_transfer随着年平均温度和土壤总氮含量的增加而显著增加。而在碱性土壤中, P_transfer差异主要受到固氮与非固氮植物生物量比值(解释量为13.29%)、年降水量(解释量为10.73%)和土壤总氮含量(解释量为9.33%)的调控。相对于酸性土壤, 碱性土壤能够显著增加固氮与非固氮植物生物量比值进而增加P_transfer。同时, 在碱性土壤中P_transfer与年降水量和土壤总氮含量呈显著正相关关系。这些结果对提高固氮和非固氮植物间的氮转移, 有效缓解土壤氮对非固氮植物生长的限制以及构建稳定群落具有重要意义。     

Land use induced changes of organic carbon storage in soils of China

Using the data compiled from China's second national soil survey and an improved method of soil carbon bulk density, we have estimated the changes of soil organic carbon due to land use, and compared the spatial distribution and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cultivated soils and noncultivated soils in China. The results reveal that ～ 57% of the cultivated soil subgroups ( ～ 31% of the total soil surface) have experienced a significant carbon loss, ranging from 40% to 10% relative to their noncultivated counterparts. The most significant carbon loss is observed for the non‐irrigated soils (dry farmland) within a semiarid/semihumid belt from northeastern to southwestern China, with the maximum loss occurring in northeast China. On the contrary, SOC has increased in the paddy and irrigated soils in northwest China. No significant change is observed for forest soils in southern China, grassland and desert soils in northwest China, as well as irrigated soils in eastern China. The SOC storage and density under noncultivated conditions in China are estimated to ～ 77.4 Pg (10¹⁵ g) and ～ 8.8 kg C m^?2, respectively, compared to a SOC storage of ～ 70.3 Pg and an average SOC density of ～ 8.0 kg C m^?2 under the present‐day conditions. This suggests a loss of ～ 7.1 Pg SOC and a decrease of ～ 0.8 kg C m^?2 SOC density due to increasing human activities, in which the loss in organic horizons has contributed to ～ 77%. This total loss of SOC in China induced by land use represents ～ 9.5% of the world's SOC decrease. This amount is equivalent to ～ 3.5 ppmv of the atmospheric CO₂ increase. Since ～ 78% of the currently cultivated soils in China have been degraded to a low/medium productivities and are responsible for most of the SOC loss, an improved land management, such as the development of irrigated and paddy land uses, would have a considerable potential in restoring the SOC storage. Assuming a restoration of ～ 50% of the lost SOC during the next 20–50 years, the soils in China would absorb ～ 3.5 Pg of carbon from the atmosphere.     

青海省森林土壤有机碳氮储量及其垂直分布特征

森林土壤在调节森林生态系统碳、氮循环和减缓全球气候变化中起着关键的作用。但是,由于林型、林龄以及环境因子(海拔)的差异,至今对于森林土壤碳、氮储量的估算依然存在极大的不确定性。因此,利用森林土壤实测数据估算了青海森林土壤有机碳、氮密度和碳、氮储量,分析了土壤有机碳、氮密度的垂直分布格局。结果表明:1)土壤有机碳密度随海拔的增加呈单峰曲线变化,在海拔3100—3400 m达到最大34.33 kg/m~2;氮密度随海拔的增加而增加,范围为1.39—2.93 kg/m~2。2)在0—30 cm土层,土壤有机碳、氮密度均随土层的增加而降低,范围分别为3.84—4.63 kg/m~2、0.22—0.27 kg/m~2。3)青海省森林土壤碳储量为1098.70 Tg,氮储量为61.78 Tg。4)海拔与氮含量和密度之间存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01,P0.01)。土层深度与有机碳含量存在极显著负相关关系(P0.01);与有机碳密度、氮密度存在极显著正相关关系(P0.01,P0.01)。说明海拔和土层是影响青海省森林土壤有机碳、氮分布的关键因子。     

Soil carbon stock and its changes in northern China's grasslands from 1980s to 2000s

Climate warming is likely to accelerate the decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) which may lead to an increase of carbon release from soils, and thus provide a positive feedback to climate change. However, SOC dynamics in grassland ecosystems over the past two decades remains controversial. In this study, we estimated the magnitude of SOC stock in northern China's grasslands using 981 soil profiles surveyed from 327 sites across the northern part of the country during 2001–2005. We also examined the changes of SOC stock by comparing current measurements with historical records of 275 soil profiles derived from China's National Soil Inventory during the 1980s. Our results showed that, SOC stock in the upper 30 cm in northern China's grasslands was estimated to be 10.5 Pg C (1 Pg=10¹⁵ g), with an average density (carbon stock per area) of 5.3 kg C m^?2. SOC density (SOCD) did not show significant association with mean annual temperature, but was positively correlated with mean annual precipitation. SOCD increased with soil moisture and reached a plateau when soil moisture was above 30%. Site‐level comparison indicated that grassland SOC stock did not change significantly over the past two decades, with a change of 0.08 kg C m^?2, ranging from ?0.30 to 0.46 kg C m^?2 at 95% confidence interval. Transect‐scale comparison confirmed that grassland SOC stock remained relatively constant from 1980s to 2000s, suggesting that soils in northern China's grasslands have been carbon neutral over the last 20 years.     

Review of Carbon Fixation in Bamboo Forests in China

Bamboo is widespread in the subtropics and tropics of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The total area of bamboo forests of various species is 22.0?×?10⁶ ha, accounting for about 1.0% of the total global area of forest. Although the total forest areas in many countries have decreased drastically, bamboo forests have increased at a rate of 3% annually. China has the richest resources of bamboo in the world, with over 500 species in 39 genera. Carbon storage of vegetation, soils, and litter in bamboo forest system in China was 0.2511?×?10¹⁵, 0.8516?×?10¹⁵, and 0.0361?×?10¹⁵ g C, respectively, giving a total of 1.1388?×?10¹⁵ g C. This paper reviews carbon storage of vegetation, soils, and litter in bamboo forest system and compares the carbon fixation abilities of bamboo forest ecosystems with those of other tree species in subtropical China.     

Storage and sequestration potential of topsoil organic carbon in China's paddy soils

Carbon (C) storage and sequestration in agricultural soils is considered to be an important issue in the study of terrestrial C cycling and global climatic change. The baseline C stock and the C sequestration potential are among the criteria for a region or a state to adopt strategies or policies in response to commitment to the Kyoto Protocol. Paddy soils represent a large portion of global cropland. However, little information on the potential of C sequestration and storage is available for such soils. In this paper, an estimation of the topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) pool and the sequestration potential of paddy soils in China was made by using the data from the 2nd State Soil Survey carried out during 1979–1982 and from the nationwide arable soil monitoring system established since then. Results showed that the SOC density ranged from 12 to 226 t C ha^?1 with an area‐weighted mean density of 44 t C ha^?1, which is comparable to that of the US grasslands and is higher than that of the cultivated dryland soils in China and the US. The estimated total topsoil SOC pool is 1.3 Pg, with 0.85 Pg from the upper plow layer and 0.45 Pg from the plowpan layer. This pool size is ～2% of China's total storage in the top 1 m of the soil profiles and ～4% of the total topsoil pool, while the area percentage of paddy soil is 3.4% of the total land. The C pool in paddy soils was found predominantly in southeast China geographically and in the subgroups of Fe‐accumulating and Fe‐leaching paddy soils pedogenetically. In comparison with dryland cultivation, irrigation‐based rice cultivation in China has induced significant enrichment of SOC storage (0.3 Pg) in paddy soils. The induced total C sequestration equals half of China's total annual CO₂ emission in the 1990s. Estimates using different SOC sequestration scenarios show that the paddy soils of China have an easily attainable SOC sequestration potential of 0.7 Pg under present conditions and may ultimately sequester 3.0 Pg. Soil monitoring data showed that the current C sequestration rate is 12 Tg yr^?1. The total C sequestration potential and the current sequestration rate of the paddy soils are over 30%, while the area of the paddy soils is 26% that of China's total croplands. Therefore, practicing sustainable agriculture is urgently needed for enhancing SOC storage to realize the ultimate SOC sequestration of rice‐based agriculture of China, as the current C sequestration rate is significantly lower than the potential rate.     

The nitrogen status of Austrian forest ecosystems as influenced by atmospheric deposition,biomass harvesting and lateral organomass exchange

Measurements of the deposition rates of atmospheric trace constituents to forest ecosystems in Austria have shown that the deposition of plant utilizable nitrogen compounds is in the range from 12 kg N to more than 30 kg N ha^-1 a^-1. Locally, even higher deposition rates are encountered as a consequence of point sources or special deposition mechanisms such as fog interception, hoar frost formation, and accumulation in snow drifts. In order to place these values into perspective, they are compared with the nitrogen demand of past and present forest land use and with natural processes of nitrogen depletion and accumulation in forest ecosystems. During wind erosion of forest litter, woody material with a wide C/N-ratio remains on the windward side of ridges, while nutrient-rich material with a narrow C/N-ratio is deposited on the leeward side. As a result, total nitrogen storage in the forest soil as well as overall C/N-ratios change dramatically along a transect over a ridge, thus indicating a strong influence of litter C/N ratio on nitrogen retention in the forest soil. A study of nitrogen stores in the soil of beech ecosystems of the same yield class in the Vienna Woods showed a significant correlation of total N-content with base saturation. These results suggest that nitrogen storage capacity of forest soils may be managed by liming and tree species selection. As knowledge is still meagre, a special study on factors which determine nitrogen storage in forest soils is proposed within the FERN-programme.     

典型亚热带森林生态系统碳密度及储量空间变异特征

以浙江省森林生态系统为研究对象,基于GIS网格布点,采集了838个森林样地样本(土壤、枯落物等),结合浙江省森林资源监测中心相关数据,利用地统计学和Moran's I相结合的方法系统研究了浙江省森林生态系统碳密度及碳储量空间变异特征。结果表明:浙江省森林生态系统平均碳密度为145.22 t/hm~2,其中森林植被、土壤、枯落物和枯死木层碳密度分别为27.34、108.89、1.79、1.38 t/hm~2。克里格空间插值和局部Moran's I指数结果表明碳密度空间分布规律呈现从西南向东北方向逐渐递减的趋势,与浙江省地形、地势较为一致,受海拔、树龄、森林类型、台风气候等自然因素和人类活动共同影响。浙江省森林生态系统碳储量为877.19 Tg C,森林植被、土壤、枯落物和枯死木层碳储量分别为203.88、656.20、10.84、6.27 Tg C,分别占总碳储量的23%、75%、1.3%、0.7%。在浙江省森林生态系统碳储量空间分布格局中,土壤层是森林生态系统中最大的碳库,约是森林植被层的3.22倍,是整个浙江省森林生态系统碳储量最主要的贡献者。浙江省森林资源丰富,大多数森林仍处于中幼龄林阶段,碳密度水平较低,但是中幼龄林生长速度较快,加强对全省中幼龄林的健康管理,是未来整体提升浙江省森林生态系统固碳潜力的关键。     

Perennial Grass Bioenergy Cropping on Wet Marginal Land: Impacts on Soil Properties,Soil Organic Carbon,and Biomass During Initial Establishment

The control of soil moisture, vegetation type, and prior land use on soil health parameters of perennial grass cropping systems on marginal lands is not well known. A fallow wetness-prone marginal site in New York (USA) was converted to perennial grass bioenergy feedstock production. Quadruplicate treatments were fallow control, reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L. Bellevue) with nitrogen (N) fertilizer (75 kg N ha^?1), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. Shawnee), and switchgrass with N fertilizer (75 kg N ha^?1). Based on periodic soil water measurements, permanent sampling locations were assigned to various wetness groups. Surface (0–15 cm) soil organic carbon (SOC), active carbon, wet aggregate stability, pH, total nitrogen (TN), root biomass, and harvested aboveground biomass were measured annually (2011–2014). Multi-year decreases in SOC, wet aggregate stability, and pH followed plowing in 2011. For all years, wettest soils had the greatest SOC and active carbon, while driest soils had the greatest wet aggregate stability and lowest pH. In 2014, wettest soils had significantly (p?<?0.0001) greater SOC and TN than drier soils, and fallow soils had 14 to 20% greater SOC than soils of reed canarygrass + N, switchgrass, and switchgrass + N. Crop type and N fertilization did not result in significant differences in SOC, active carbon, or wet aggregate stability. Cumulative 3-year aboveground biomass yields of driest switchgrass + N soils (18.8 Mg ha^?1) were 121% greater than the three wettest switchgrass (no N) treatments. Overall, soil moisture status must be accounted for when assessing soil dynamics during feedstock establishment.     

贵阳市区灌木林生态系统生物量及碳储量

采用直接收获法和实测数据,以贵州省贵阳市区天然灌木林内木本和草本植物、凋落物及土壤为研究对象,研究了灌木林生态系统的生物量、碳含量及碳储量。结果表明:灌木林植被层生物量为23.16 t/hm2,其中木本植物层生物量为12.46 t/hm2;草本植物层为3.74 t/hm2;凋落物层为6.96 t/hm2,分别占植被层生物量的53.08%、16.15%、30.05%。木本植物25种的碳含量范围为445.91—603.46 g/kg;草本植物6种的碳含量为408.48—523.04 g/kg;凋落物层碳含量为341.01—392.81 g/kg;土壤层碳含量为5.73—26.68 g/kg。生态系统总碳储量为88.34 t/hm2,其中植被层为8.10 t/hm2;凋落物层为2.56 t/hm2;土壤层为77.68 t/hm2,分别占系统总碳储量的9.17%、2.89%、87.94%。灌木林生态系统碳储量的空间分布格局为:土壤层植被层凋落物层。研究结果,可为喀斯特城市估算森林生态系统碳储量和碳平衡提供科学依据。