《遗传》执行主编张永清简介

张永清,男,1963年10月生于湖北。1985年毕业于华中农业大学,获学士学位,1988年7月获北京农业大学(现中国农业大学)硕士学位,1991年12月获北京农业大学博士学位。1992—1993年在中国科学院微生物研究所作博士后,1994年1月—1995年8月任中国科学院微生物研究所副研究员。1994年6月—1994年12月,荷兰瓦赫宁根(Wageningen)大学访问学者,1995年9月—1997年12月英国剑桥大学博士后,1998年1月—2002年10月美国犹他大学博士后,2002年11月—2004年12月,美国范德比尔特(Vanderbilt)大学博士后,2005年1月起任中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所研究员,当年入选中国科学院"百人计划",并获国家"杰出青年基金"资助。     

缅怀动物科学家与北京动物园结下的情缘——纪念谭邦杰先生诞辰100周年

<正>人物名片1915年2月22日出生于广东省南海(现海南省);1935年6月北平燕京大学毕业(新闻系);1935年7月—1945年8月在4家中外媒体任记者、编辑工作,其间1941年12月—1942年5月在日本宪兵队牢房度过;1945年10月—1946年12月在北平民国政府做官员;1947年1月—1950年3月在美国大使馆武官处任中文秘书,1948年6月参加革命工作,主要服务于北平地下党组织;1951年3月—1953年3月在北京西郊     

放线菌和霉菌菌种保藏研究报告

用砂管法室温保藏放线菌244株29年。其存活率(%)为:6年96;9年91;11年88;14年78;15年76;17年74;20年70;22年59;25年47;27年40;29年37。保藏29年尚存活的放线菌的抗曾活性与保藏前基本相同。用麸曲法室温保藏木霉、曲霉和青霉等12属共216株,存活率因种而异。保藏12年,不同种属霉菌的存活率为0—100%;保藏至16年,全部失活。     

一支优秀的森林保护学科教团队

西北农林科技大学森林保护科教开创于1937年、成长于1956年、发展于1977年,1985年获得硕士学位授予权,2003年获森林保护博士学位授予权,2007年建立博士后流动站。2009年入选985第三期科技创新平台建设计划,2009年在陕西省教学名师李盂楼教授的带领下获森林保护学国家教学团队称号。     

缅怀熊希凯教授

熊希凯教授,汉族,1933年11月生于湖南省望城县。1953年考入原武汉医学院(同济医学院)学习,就读于临床医学专业,1958年毕业留校执教。1958年至1978年期间任解剖学教研室助教,1978年至1986年期间任解剖学教研室讲师(1981     

中国极端微生物学的奠基人——周培瑾

<正>周培瑾,中国科学院微生物研究所研究员、博士生导师、第四任所长(1991年3月至1995年12月)。1938年9月生于湖北武汉,1963年8月毕业于武汉大学,1963年9月到中国科学院微生物研究所工作。1983年6月至1985年9月期间,在加拿大渥太华大学生物系DonnJ Kushner教授实验室做访问学者。1986年6月,晋升副研究员。1992年11月,     

桂林尧山桉树及马尾松林秋季土壤碳通量特征

以桂北地区的4年生、20年生桉树林和22年生马尾松林为研究对象.于2012年 9~11月分别对这3种林分的土壤呼吸及其组分、土壤温度、土壤湿度进行了3个月的观测.结果表明：(1)4年生桉树林及22年生马尾松林的土壤呼吸速率显著大于20年生桉树林,4年生桉树林与22年生马尾松林无显著差异;(2)3种林分自养呼吸速率 4年生桉树林显著大于20年生桉树林及22年生马尾松林：异养呼吸速率22年生马尾松林显著大于 4年生桉树林及20年生桉树林.4年生桉树林的自养呼吸贡献率明显大于20年生桉树林和22年生马尾松林;(3)相关性分析表明,土壤温度是影响土壤呼吸及其组分的主要环境因子,3种林分土壤温度与土壤呼吸均呈显著的指数关系.22年生马尾松林的土壤呼吸与土壤含水量呈显著负相关关系,2种桉树林的土壤呼吸与土壤含水量的相关性不显著;(4)对温度敏感性系数 Q10值的分析表明,3种林分中20年生桉树林和22年生马尾松林的温度敏感性较大,4年生桉树林最小.     

我国微生物发酵科学的先驱——方乘

方乘,字抚华,1897年12月5日出生于湖南省新化县圳上镇方家湾,卒于1968年4月6日.方乘自幼随父亲在家乡读书,1908年父亲去世,到药店做学徒2年,1910年在新化县资江小学学习1年后,随堂兄到湖北,在文普中学学习,辛亥革命后参加学生军,在湖北陆军小学学习.1913年进入位于武昌的湖南旅鄂中学,1915年考入北京工业专门学校化学系,1919年毕业后,入中法大学学习一年准备到法国留学.     

讣告

中国共产党员、中山大学中山医学院教授,我国著名的医学遗传学家杜传书同志于2021年1月17日11时因病在广州逝世,享年91岁。杜传书,男,四川省成都市人,1929年9月5日出生,1956年加入中共党员。1952年8月毕业于华西医科大学(原四川医学院)医学系,后留校任教。1954年调至广州中山医学院工作。1954年至1981年,历任原中山医学院病理生理学教研室助教、讲师、副教授。1982年由他创建了中山医学院医学遗传学教研室,1985年起任遗传教研室教授、主任,1986年担任博士生导师。1996年7月退休。     

我国用微生物技术整治环境污染的先驱——简浩然

简浩然,英文名Hao-yan Jen,1911年12月25日出生于香港,2007年3月16日卒于广州。简浩然成长在广东南海县一个小手工业者家庭。幼年与父母居住于香港,七岁时随父母返广州上小学。在广州知用中学毕业后,1928年9月考入中山大学农学院农化系,1932年毕业,8月起在广东省营糖厂任化验员一年,1935年入中山大学攻读研究生两年,1937年获农     

Ectogenesis and the case against the right to the death of the foetus

Ectogenesis, or the use of an artificial womb to allow a foetus to develop, will likely become a reality within a few decades, and could significantly affect the abortion debate. We first examine the implications for Judith Jarvis Thomson’s violinist analogy, which argues for a woman’s right to withdraw life support from the foetus and so terminate her pregnancy, even if the foetus is granted full moral status. We show that on Thomson’s reasoning, there is no right to the death of the foetus, and abortion is not permissible if ectogenesis is available, provided it is safe and inexpensive. This raises the question of whether there are persuasive reasons for the right to the death of the foetus that could be exercised in the context of ectogenesis. Eric Mathison and Jeremy Davis have examined several arguments for this right, doubting that it exists, while Joona Räsänen has recently criticized their reasoning. We respond to Räsänen’s analysis, concluding that his arguments are unsuccessful, and that there is no right to the death of the foetus in these circumstances.     

On the diversity of the Cladocera in the tropics

The mythical concept of an impoverished tropical cladoceran fauna is refuted. On a planetary scale, around half of the cladoceran species presently known occur exclusively in the tropics-subtropics, often with considerable restriction to particular geographical subzones. On a regional (political) scale, the situation is often unclear because of the continued fragmentary nature of studies, and because political units are not a good basis for biogeographical comparisons. At the finest level of resolution (lake-perlake comparisons), there appears to be an upper limit of c. 50 cladoceran species per individual lake. No significant difference between lakes in the temperate zone and in the tropics could be established here. Daphnia is largely absent from the tropics, but is replaced by more Sidids, Moinids, and Bosminids, such that the average cladoceran community in the limnetic zone of a tropical lake is not characterized by less species but rather by lower population densities. This, in turn, is considered a consequence of higher prevalent predation levels in the tropics.     

Tubular networks in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human,the monkey,the cat and the dog

Summary A tubular network was found in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey (Macaca mulatta), the cat and the dog. These tubules are arranged in close groups in the vicinity of the synaptic lamellae and the invaginated dendrites. According to the form, diameter, density of the tubules and to the consistence of the network formed by them one can distinguish at these places an initial type (type I), a transitory (type II) and a vesicular one (type III). In the the type III branching, bizarre forms are frequent. The diameter of all the tubules reaches 500–600 Å, their density and walls being the same as in the synaptic vesicles.Similar networks also occur in the axons of the visual receptor cells of the monkey.

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Zusammenfassung In den Endigungen der Photorezeptorzellen von Mensch, Affe (Macaca mulatta), Katze und Hund kommen aus Tubuli bestehende Komplexe vor. Organellenartig in geschlossenen Gruppen angeordnet, liegen sie in Nähe der synaptischen Lamellen und der invaginierten Dendriten. An diesen Stellen kann man nach Form, Durchmesser, Dichte und Konsistenz der von den Tubuli gebildeten Komplexe drei Typen unterscheiden: 1. einen initialen (Typus I), 2. einen Übergangstypus (Typus II) und 3. einen vesiculären Typus (Typus III). In letzterem kommen häufig verzweigte, bizarre Formen vor. Der Durchmesser sämtlicher Tubuli erreicht 500–600 Å. Ihre Dichte und ihre Wand gleicht denen der synaptischen Vesikel.Ähnliche Komplexe fanden wir auch in den Axonen der Photorezeptorzellen vom Affen.

     

Assessing the Physiological State of the Fucoids from the Barents Sea Littoral by the End of the Polar Night

Methods of amperometry and potentiometric titration were used to follow dark respiration (DR) and apparent photosynthesis (AP) in the fucoids Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol, Fucus vesiculosus L., and F. serratus L. from the Barents Sea littoral by the end of the 40-day-long polar night. The macroalgae were shown to manifest species-specific low rates of photosynthesis and respiration. However, in spite of their low photosynthetic status due to the effects of subzero temperature and prolonged low or zero illumination, the macroalgae have been able to restore DR and AP to the initial level already by the day 9; the ability to restore AP depended on the level of illumination. The study of the changes in the carbonate–bicarbonate system in the light and darkness demonstrated that the macroalgae grown in darkness, in contrast to those grown in twilight, could absorb bicarbonate in darkness; however, they lost this capacity after two-day-long illumination at an irradiance of 7 mol/(m² s). Bicarbonate uptake in darkness and the capacity to restore the systems of photosynthesis and respiration in fucoid cells are discussed in the context of algal energy metabolism under the polar night conditions.     

Arranging the elements of the potassium channel: the T1 domain occludes the cytoplasmic face of the channel

The voltage-gated potassium channel is currently one of the few membrane proteins where functional roles have been mapped onto specific segments of sequence. Although high-resolution structures of the transmembrane portions of three bacterial potassium channels, the tetramerization domain and the cytoplasmic ball are available, their relative spatial arrangement in mammalian channels remains a matter of ongoing debate. Cryo-electron microscopic images of the six transmembrane voltage-gated Kv channel have been reconstructed at up to 18 Å resolution, revealing that the T1 domain tetramerizes and is suspended below the transmembrane segments. However, the resolution of these images is insufficient to reveal the location of the third piece of the puzzle, the inactivating ball domain. We have used the aberrant interactions observed in a series of chimæric channels to establish that an assembled T1 domain restricts access to the cytoplasmic face of the channel, suggesting that the N-terminal ball and chain may be confined in the space between the T1 domain and the transmembrane portion of the channel.     

On the Dependence of the Quadratic Risk of the Classical Predictor and the Prediction-Horizon

When constructing predictors on the basis of the linear model of time series of various indicators often the question arises on the dependence of forecasting accuracy and the changing prediction horizon. The dependency of the quadratic risk of the classical predictor and the time horizon is considered.     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan     

Feeding the vertebrate retina from the Cambrian to the Tertiary

The retina of the vertebrate eye is metabolically active and requires nutritive support. During the last 540 million years it has evolved into forms as complicated and nutritionally demanding as those found in avian or primate eyes. Diffusion from the choroid is generally able to supply the metabolic needs of thin retinae. However, when the thickness exceeds the limits of diffusion, structures are needed to supplement the vascular supply from the choroid. These supplemental nutritive devices include the choroidal gland, the falciform process and preretinal vascular plexus of fish, the conus papillaris of lizards, the pecten oculi of birds, the intraretinal vessels of mammals and a few novel systems that remain difficult to classify. These vascular systems are among the most variable features of the vertebrate eye. Here, we review classical and recent findings regarding such retinal nutrition systems, propose a three category classification for them based on histologic origins and speculate on the evolutionary forces which drove their development.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418