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1.
The organogenic competence of leaf explants of eleven Carthamus species including C. tinctorius on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) + α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) + NAA was investigated. Highly prolific adventitious shoot regeneration was observed in
C. tinctorius and C. arborescens on both growth regulator combinations and the shoot regeneration frequency was higher on medium supplemented with TDZ + NAA.
Nodal culture of nine Carthamus species on media supplemented with BA and kinetin (KIN) individually revealed the superiority of media supplemented with
BA over that of KIN in facilitating a higher shoot proliferation index. Proliferating shoots from axillary buds and leaf explants
were transferred to medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm−3 KIN or 0.5 mg dm−3 BA for shoot elongation. Elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm−3 each of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and phloroglucinol. The plantlets thus obtained were hardened and transferred to soil. 相似文献
2.
Rhododendron shoot regeneration was accomplished using either flower explants (each consisting of ovary with pedicel) of Rhododendron cvs. Nova Zembla and Irina or leaves isolated from in vitro grown Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. Multiple shoot tip clumps were obtained on Anderson's medium containing 0.5 to 1.5 mg dm−3 thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 12 to 15 mg dm−3 N6-[2-isopentenyl]adenine (2iP) and 1 to 3 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). After 16 weeks on the regeneration media, explants with shoot tip clumps were transferred for
shoot elongation to Anderson's medium with 3 mg dm−3 2iP. Two months later, the shoots have reached 5 to 40 mm in length and were fit for subcultivation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
G.-Y. Kai L.-M. Dai X.-Y. Mei J.-G. Zheng W. Wang Y. Lu Z.-Y. Qian G.-Y. Zhou 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(3):557-560
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from leaves of Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume was established for the first time. Callus formation rate was more than 90.4 % from leaf segments on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) supplemented with either α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone or in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA). The
highest shoot regeneration (78.9 %) was achieved on MS medium containing 2.0 mg dm−3 BA and 0.2 mg dm−3 NAA, with an average of 9.4 shoots developed per leaf segment. Shoot regeneration was also improved when the leaf explants
were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 % (m/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The leaf explants from seedlings
with age of about 18–27 d showed the highest shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength basal
MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), which averagely produced 24.8 roots per shoot. The plantlets were transferred to soil, where
100 % survived after 1 month of acclimatization. 相似文献
4.
A novel protocol for plant regeneration from cotyledon explants of eggplant (Solanum melongena) reducing concentration of sucrose was established. The most efficient bud induction medium consisted of Murashige and Skoog
(MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg dm−3 zeatin, 0.1 mg dm−3 indoleacetic acid and 10 g dm−3 sucrose. After 15 d, the shoot buds were fragmented and transferred to the shoot elongation MS supplemented with 1.0–2.0
mg dm−3 gibberellic acid and 4.0–8.0 mg dm−3 AgNO3, which promoted shoots elongation. The genetic stability of the regenerated plants was analyzed by flow cytometry, RAPD and
SSR molecular markers. The results indicated that almost no somaclonal variation was detected among the regenerants. 相似文献
5.
A high frequency in vitro shoot bud differentiation and multiple shoot production protocol from hypocotyl segments of 8 to 10-d-old seedlings of cotton
has been developed. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with Nitsch and Nitsch vitamins was found to be optimal in shoot
regeneration. A combination of 2 mg dm−3 thidiazuron and 0.05 mg dm−3 naphthaleneacetic acid was the most effective for shoot regeneration (76 %) and an average of 10.6 shoots per responding
explant. Combination of the cytokinins benzylaminopurine and kinetin induced better regeneration response than their individual
treatments. Supplementation of the culture medium with ethylene inhibitor silver nitrate and activated charcoal showed beneficial
effects. Optimal rooting was obtained on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg dm−3 indolebutyric acid and activated charcoal. Scanning electron micrographs of in vitro cultured explants revealed that shoot primordia were formed de novo. 相似文献
6.
A high frequency plant regeneration system was developed for the production of high yielding elite clones of Garcinia indica via direct organogenesis. A maximum number of 86.2 shoot buds per explant were induced from the mature seed segments cultured
on Woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.0 mg dm−3 N6-benzyladenine and 1 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid. Rooting was achieved on half-strength WPM medium supplemented with 3 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to greenhouse for further growth. The highest survival
rate of 95 % was recorded using a mixture of garden soil and sand. Histological studies clearly revealed multiple shoot formation
from mature seed segments. 相似文献
7.
Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spilanthes acmella</Emphasis> 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Multiple shoots of Spilanthes acmella Murr. were induced from nodal buds of in vivo and in vitro seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg dm−3 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA). Adventitious shoots were successfully regenerated from the leaf explants derived from the
above mentioned multiple shoots. The efficiency of shoot regeneration was tested in the MS medium containing BA, kinetin,
or 2-isopentenyl adenine in combination with NAA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic
acid. Maximum number of shoots per explant (20 ± 0.47) was recorded with 3.0 mg dm−3 BA and 1.0 mg dm−3 IAA. An anatomical study confirmed shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis. About 95 % of the in vitro shoots developed roots after transfer to half strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg dm−3 IBA. 95 % of the plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. The transplanted plantlets showed normal
flowering without any morphological variation. 相似文献
8.
M. Maheswari N. Jyothi Lakshmi S. K. Yadav Y. Varalaxmi A. Vijaya Lakshmi M. Vanaja B. Venkateswarlu 《Biologia Plantarum》2006,50(4):741-744
An efficient and rapid regeneration protocol was developed using shoot apices from germinating seedlings of two cultivars
of sorghum, SPV-462 and M35-1, as explants. A vertical slit given from the base of each dissected apex enhanced the efficiency
of callusing response by two fold. MS medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 each of 2,4-D and kinetin was most effective in producing friable and embryogenic calli. Scanning electron microscopy of
these calli detected somatic embryogenesis. Calli thus induced gave rise to approximately 42 green shoots per callus in both
the genotypes when transferred to regeneration medium containing 1.5 mg dm−3 kinetin. 相似文献
9.
A rapid and efficient in vitro plant regeneration method was developed for Aristolochia indica. Multiple shoot formation was induced from shoot tip and nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1 – 6 mg
dm−3 2-isopentenyl-adenine (2-iP) or 1 – 4 mg dm−3 6-benzyladenine (BA). Maximum number of shoots were induced with 5 mg dm−3 2-iP alone (about 12 – 14 shoots). Shoot differentiation occurred directly from the leaf bases as well as from the internodes
when cultured on 1 – 4 mg dm−3 BA and 0.8 – 2 mg dm−3 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) containing medium. Regeneration from the callus occurred when the calli initiated on MS medium
containing 0.6 – 4 mg dm−3 NAA in combination with 0.8 – 3 mg dm−3 BA were transferred to 1 – 6 mg dm−3 BA alone containing medium. Elongated shoots were separated and rooted in MS medium containing 1 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid. These were then transferred to soil after gradual acclimatization. 相似文献
10.
G. -X. Tang K. Knecht X. -F. Yang Y. -B. Qin W. -J. Zhou D. Cai 《Biologia Plantarum》2011,55(1):21-26
A two-step protocol for improving the frequency of shoot regeneration from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) hypocotyl explants was established. The protocol consists of a pre-culture on callus induction medium (CIM) and a subsequent
shoot regeneration on shoot induction medium (SIM). The SIM was Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations
of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA; 2–5 mg dm−3) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.05–0.15 mg dm−3). Maximum frequency of shoot regeneration (13 %) was on the SIM medium containing 4 mg dm−3 BA and 0.1 mg dm−3 NAA, but it increased to 24.45 % when 20 μM silver thiosulphate (STS) was added. Strikingly, an extremely high frequency
of shoot regeneration up to 96.67 % was reached by a two-step protocol when hypocotyl explants had been pre-cultured for 7
d on a CIM medium containing 1.5 mg dm−3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. In addition, the shoot emergence was also 7 d earlier than that observed by use of the one-step
protocol. The two-step protocol was also applied for regeneration of transgenic plants with cZR-3, a nematode resistance candidate gene. As a result, 43 plants were generated from 270 shoots and from these 6 plants proved
to be transgenic. 相似文献
11.
The regeneration ability of primary explants derived from mericlones of two commercial Bohemian hops was investigated. It
was found that these hops are able to regenerate shoots by direct organogenesis on media containing BAP or zeatin at concentrations
0.5–2 mg dm−3. The highest regeneration of shoots was achieved from either petioles or internodes at frequencies 21% and 52%, respectively,
on the medium containing zeatin (2 mg dm−3), while relatively low amount of regenerated shoots (1.3%) was observed for leaf blade explants. On the other hand, more
efficient rooting occurred on the leaf blades then on other explants. A similar pattern of regeneration we observed for HLVd-infected
mericlones of clone Osvald 31 even though viroid concentration inin vitro cultures was about 8-fold higher than in field-grown plants and was 31.1 pg mg−1 of fresh mass in the average. These results suggest that HLVd infection did not impair organogenesis. We found that high
2,4-D concentration pretreatment (11 mg dm−3) did not promote somatic embryogenesis. Although this treatment suppressed direct organogenesis, the inhibition was not complete
and in low frequency the shoot regeneration was seen. Sensitivity of hop explants to antibiotics commonly used inAgrobacterium-mediated transformation was assayed. It was found that kanamycin (100–200 mg dm−3) suppressed efficiently callogenesis, root formation and shoot proliferation. An estimation of effect of kanamycin (200 mg
dm−3) and ticarcillin (500 mg dm−3) on morphogenesis was performed using regeneration medium. The inhibitory effects observed suggest that these conditions
could be used inAgrobacterium transformation/selection system.
Communicated by J. TUPY 相似文献
12.
A micropropagation protocol for Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst., a medicinally important plant, has been developed. Direct organogenesis without callus formation was induced
by culturing node, internode and leaf explants on growth regulator free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. MS medium supplemented
with an antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP) and a fungicide bavistin (BVN) produced axillary shoots from node and adventitious shoot
buds on the surface of all explants. The combination of 200 mg dm−3 TMP and 200 mg dm−3 BVN induced the optimum frequency of shoot formation as well as shoot number. Presence of both TMP and BVN induced multiple
axillary shoot formation from the nodal segments and this ability was maintained for four subcultures. 相似文献
13.
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis of Areca catechu L. was established using leaf, root and stem segments as explants. Embryogenic callus was induced and maintained on medium
supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) at concentrations
2, 4, 6 and 8 mg dm−3 in darkness. Somatic embryos were found on primary callus in the presence of 2 and 4 mg dm−3 dicamba and during subculture on 2 – 8 mg dm−3 2,4-D or 2 – 4 mg dm−3 dicamba-containing media. Plantlet conversion from embryos was successfully achieved on growth regulator-free medium. The
plants grew well when transplanted to containers in shaded greenhouse. 相似文献
14.
Plants of two cytotypes (2n=2x=20, and 2n=3x=30) of pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Gregory) were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic calli were induced from shoot tips or
immature leaves dissected from in vitro growing plants. In the case of the diploid peanut the best somatic embryogenesis was achieved when shoot tips were cultured
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 mg dm−3
Picloram (PIC) and 0.1 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or when explants from immature leaves were cultured on MS + 10 mg dm−3 PIC + 0.01 mg dm−3 BAP. In the case of triploid peanut the highest number of somatic embryos was obtained when shoot tips were cultured on MS
+ 10 mg dm−3 PIC + 0.01 mg dm−3 BAP or when immature leaves were cultured on MS + 20 mg dm−3 PIC + 0.01 mg dm−3 BAP. Somatic embryos were converted into plants by culture on MS + 0.01 mg dm−3 naphthaleneacetic acid + 0.01 mg dm−3 BAP. Plants were successfully transferred to pots in greenhouse. 相似文献
15.
A high frequency shoot regeneration system for ornamental kale [Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (D.C.) Alef.] was firstly established from seedling cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. The ability of cotyledon and hypocotyl
to produce adventitious shoots varied depending upon genotype, seedling age and culture medium. The maximum shoot regeneration
frequency was obtained when the explants from cv. Nagoya 4-d-old seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 3 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.1 mg dm−3 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The frequency of shoot regeneration was 65.0 % for cotyledons, 76.1 % for hypocotyls; and the
number of shoots per explant was 4.3 for cotyledons, 8.2 for hypocotyls. Hypocotyl explants were found to be more responsive
for regeneration when compared with cotyledons. Among the 4 cultivars tested, Nagoya showed the best shoot regeneration response.
The addition of 3.0 mg dm−3 AgNO3 was beneficial to shoot regeneration. Roots were formed on the base of the shoots when cultured on half-strength MS medium. 相似文献
16.
In vitro regeneration of Trifolium glomeratum, a leguminous forage species, was attempted through leaf, petiole, cotyledon, hypocotyl, collar and root explants and two
media combinations. Root and collar explants showed no callus induction. Medium with 0.05 mg dm−3 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.10 mg dm−3 N6-benzyladenine (BA) was more effective for hypocotyl explant whereas cotyledon and petiole explant were more responsive to
5.0 mg dm−3 NAA and 1.0 mg dm−3 BA. Friable, green calli obtained from petiole explant on this medium showed organogenetic potential. Modified root-inducing
medium having 0.21 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid and 2.5 % sucrose was successful for root induction and plantlets were successfully transferred to field
after hardening and Rhizobium inoculation. 相似文献
17.
A rapid and highly-effective method for micropropagation from nodal segment and shoot tip explants was established for Coleus blumei Benth. Nodal segments and shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium containing 0.7 % agar, 3 % commercial sugar, and different
combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA). Hundred percent shoot induction from both explants was achieved on the medium containing BA (2 mg dm−3) and NAA (1 mg dm−3). Shoot tips were proved to be the better explant in comparison to nodal segments in having high rate of shoot induction
and more number of shoots. The same media conditions were found suitable for shoot multiplication. Multiplied shoots rooted
best on MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg dm−3). Micropropagated plants were successfully established in soil after hardening, with 100 % survival rate. 相似文献
18.
A reproducible protocol has been developed for high frequency plant regeneration from immature embryos of Argyrolobium roseum Jaub & Spach, an important medicinal legume. Green nodular calli were initiated from immature embryos excised from 10-d-old
pods in 70 % of cultures within 3 weeks when grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm−3 benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.25 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Subsequent transfer of 5 mm2 callus pieces to MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5 mg dm−3) alone or in combination with IAA (0.25 mg dm−3) facilitated regeneration of multiple shoots. Organogenic calli bearing multiple shoots when transferred to MS medium supplemented
with BAP (0.5 mg dm−3) + IAA (0.25 mg dm−3) supported rapid shoot elongation. Shoot propagules subcultured to Gamborg's medium (B5) with 0.5 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) rooted with 80 % frequency and developed into phenotypically normal plants. Plantlets were successfully
acclimatized in a sterile mixture of sand and garden soil (1:1) under greenhouse and thereafter transferred to field beds. 相似文献
19.
In vitro morphogenesis of Cucumis melo var. inodorus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Liborio Stipp Liliane C. Januzzi Mendes Beatriz M. Stefano Piedade Sonia M. D. Martinelli Rodriguez Adriana P. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,65(1):81-89
In vitro morphogenesis of C. melo L. var. inodorus was studied by the induction of adventitious buds and somatic embryos. Organogenesis was obtained from cotyledon segments
and leaf discs in culture medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (1 mg l−1) and somatic embryogenesis was induced in medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (5 mg l−1) + thidiazuron (1 mg l−1). Through histological analysis it was possible to verify that in cotyledonary explants, protuberances that do not develop
into well-formed shoot buds and leaf primordia are more frequently formed than complete shoot buds, resulting in a low frequency
of plant recovery in the organogenic process. A high percentage of explants responded with the formation of somatic embryos;
the microscopical analysis showed that the somatic embryos lacking well developed apical meristems had a low conversion rate
into plants. Plant recovery was not obtained from leaf-disc explants, with high rates of contamination and formation of protuberances
which did not develop into shoot buds. Histological sections showed the development of epidermis and leaf hairs, indicating
those structures could be leaf primordia; however, these were not associated with a shoot apical meristem.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
An in vitro method for propagation of Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. has been developed using nodal explants from mature trees growing in the field. Irrespective of concentrations and
combinations of growth regulators used, the axillary and terminal buds sprouted and elongated when inoculated on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium. The highest numbers of shoots were formed when sprouted shoots were subcultured from MS basal medium
onto MS medium containing 2 mg dm−3 N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoot number further increased upon subculture on MS medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 BA. By repeated sub-culturing of shoots derived from nodal axillary buds, a high frequency multiplication rate was established.
The elongated shoots were excised and rooted in auxin free MS basal medium. Ex vitro rooting of in vitro formed shoots was achieved upon dipping the microshoots for 2 min in 2 mg dm−3 of indole-3-butyric acid solution. Successful field establishment and high (80–90 %) survival of plants was observed. 相似文献