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黄瓜花性别分化和内源激素的关系 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
黄瓜雌花中GA3 和IAA含量均高于雄花 ;雌花在大孢子母细胞时期以后直到发育成熟 ,IAA含量持续增加 ,雄花中IAA含量则下降 ;ZT含量增加有利于大小孢子母细胞的形成而ABA含量增加则有利于四分体的形成。高水平的ZT/IAA和低水平的GA3 /ZT有利于大孢子母细胞和花粉粒的形成 ,大孢子四分体在高水平的GA3 /ZT和低水平的ZT/IAA下形成。雌性系黄瓜经硝酸银处理后茎尖中GA3 增加、IAA和ZT减少 ,有利于雄性分化 ;强雄性系黄瓜经乙烯利处理后 ,茎尖中GA3 下降 ,IAA和ZT增加 ,有利于雌性分化。据此认为内源IAA可能是黄瓜性别发育的关键性激素 相似文献
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剥鳞和激素处理对大樱桃花芽休眠解除及内源激素变化的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析了剥鳞与激素处理对大樱桃花芽休眠解除及内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GAD、玉米素(ZT)和脱落酸(ABA)变化的影响。结果表明,花芽中的ABA主要分布于鳞片内,鳞片中的GA3和ZT含量远低于去鳞芽,也低于完整芽。剥鳞能明显增加休眠花芽中内源GA2和ZT的含量,降低ABA的含量,对IAA含量的影响不大。剥鳞降低了ABA/GA3、ABA/ZT的比值,使花芽向促进生长、抑制休眠的方向转化。同时,休眠前、后期剥鳞均能明显提高萌芽率,中期剥鳞效果不明显。剥鳞后施用外源激素随休眠时期不同而有不同的破眠效果,早期剥鳞GA3的效果最好,6-BA次之,IAA最差;中期破眠效果不如早期,GA。和6-BA没有明显差别;后期以6-BA效果最好,其次是GA3和IAA;3次处理中ABA均明显抑制花芽萌发。 相似文献
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葡萄采后施用外源ABA可显著刺激其呼吸速率和乙烯释放率,ABA对呼吸的促进作用大于C2H4;当葡萄被交链孢和灰霉葡萄抱侵染后,呼吸和乙烯释放均加强。交链孢侵染的葡萄呼吸速率在孢子形成后2d达最大值,而灰霉葡萄孢侵染的葡萄呼吸速率在孢子形成时即达最大值。葡萄感病后,落粒现象加重,组织内源ABA和C2H4含量增加,IAA和GA3含量减少。 相似文献
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重穗型杂交水稻籽粒灌浆过程中强势和弱势颖花内源IAA、ABA和GA水平的动态状况 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了重穗型杂交水稻培矮 6 4s/E3 2的灌浆过程和强、弱势颖花中内源IAA、ABA和GA1 GA3水平的动态状况。籽粒发育过程中不同内源激素水平高低依次为 :IAA >GA1 GA3>ABA。IAA和ABA水平在强势颖花中较高而GA1 GA3水平在弱势颖花中较高。 3种激素水平的变化与谷粒增重速率之间均存在正相关 ,两个最高的相关系数值分别存在于单位鲜重样本的IAA含量(ng/gFW ) 与籽粒鲜重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .82 1 8 )和单个籽粒IAA含量 (ng/grain)与籽粒干重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .8485 )。推测启动和维持籽粒灌浆过程可能需要较高的IAA水平 ;ABA可能具有促进籽粒中同化物的累积和种子成熟的作用 ;GA1 GA3可能具有保持弱势颖花活性的特殊作用 相似文献
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以彩色马蹄莲(Zantedeschia hybrids)的‘Black Magic’为试材,研究其块茎经不同贮藏温度和时间处理后,块茎内源激素的变化及对块茎萌芽的影响。结果表明:在不同温度条件下,随贮藏时间的延长,GA,和IAA含量水平均呈上升的趋势,并且贮藏温度越高,GA,含量水平越高。脱落酸ABA含量与GA3呈相反的变化趋势,相同贮藏天数均为15℃处理ABA含量水平最低,6℃处理ABA含量水平最高。随着贮藏时间延长,GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA质量分数比值越大。GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA质量分数比值与块茎萌芽率之间存在一定程度的对应关系。 相似文献
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重穗型杂交水稻籽粒灌浆过程中强势和强势颖花内源IAA、ABA和GA水平的动态状况 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
研究了重穗型杂交水稻培矮 6 4s/E3 2的灌浆过程和强、弱势颖花中内源IAA、ABA和GA1 GA3水平的动态状况。籽粒发育过程中不同内源激素水平高低依次为 :IAA >GA1 GA3>ABA。IAA和ABA水平在强势颖花中较高而GA1 GA3水平在弱势颖花中较高。 3种激素水平的变化与谷粒增重速率之间均存在正相关 ,两个最高的相关系数值分别存在于单位鲜重样本的IAA含量(ng/gFW ) 与籽粒鲜重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .82 1 8 )和单个籽粒IAA含量 (ng/grain)与籽粒干重的增重速率之间 (r =0 .8485 )。推测启动和维持籽粒灌浆过程可能需要较高的IAA水平 ;ABA可能具有促进籽粒中同化物的累积和种子成熟的作用 ;GA1 GA3可能具有保持弱势颖花活性的特殊作用 相似文献
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利用高效液相色谱法分离和测定棉花组织培养过程中4种内源激素 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的:优化利用高效液相色谱法测定棉花组织培养过程中吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、玉米素(ZT)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)等4种植物内源激素的条件,了解棉花胚性愈伤组织发生过程中4种内源激素及激素含量比例的规律性变化,以及添加不同外源激素对内源激素和愈伤组织的影响,为棉花组织培养由经验型变为理论型提供基础。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。结果:棉花胚性愈伤组织发生过程中4种内源激素及激素含量比例呈规律性变化:ZT、ABA、ABA/GA3、ABA/IAA呈现先上升后下降的趋势,GA3呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势,ZT/IAA呈现明显的上升-下降-上升-下降的趋势;不同激素组合诱导下愈伤组织中内源激素含量及愈伤组织状态也有较大差别。结论:研究结果对指导组织培养过程中激素的调整和配比、制定适宜的培养计划有一定的指导意义;4种不同的内源激素都是愈伤组织生长的重要因子,各自适宜的浓度和恰当的比例调节着外植体的脱分化和再分化,各种激素协同作用促进细胞的生长和分化。 相似文献
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七筋姑的大小孢子发生雌雄配子体发育及多糖物质的动态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
七筋姑(Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey)具倒生胚珠、双珠被、薄珠心、单个孢原。大孢子母细胞减数分裂后形成1 3排列,合点端三核退化,珠孔端有功能的大孢子核进行两次有丝分裂。成熟胚囊具5核或6核,即1组卵器、1上极核、合点端的1个或2个退化核。胚囊发育为四孢子、高度退化的贝母型。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、两层中间层及绒毡层组成,发育属单子叶型。绒毡层解体方式为分泌型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为连续型。二轴对称式四分体,2-细胞成熟花粉粒。组织化学表明:大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体形成过程中的不溶性多糖颗粒的分布呈现规律性变化。 相似文献
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The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy is easily demonstrated in many mouse models, whereas in man the response is good but far less spectacular. With the aid of a mathematical model the following variables in which differences may exist between mouse and man were tested: 1. Uniformity of tumour load in population 2. Cell kinetic factors in drug sensitivity 3. Variation of drug sensitivity among tumours 4. Drug penetration into tumour 5. Tumour antigenicity 6. Variation in growth rate among tumours It is concluded that factors 1 and 3 are responsible for the difference. Mouse models are more sensitive by selection of an effective drug and an optimal tumour load. Other factors seem not to affect the results. 相似文献
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Robert R. Nakamura Maureen L. Stanton 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1989,43(7):1435-1443
Theories on the evolution of the angiosperm seed disagree as to the effects of different plant tissues on embryo growth. To examine the relative contributions of maternal and paternal genes on embryo growth, we conducted controlled crosses in the greenhouse with wild radish plants (Raphanus sativus), looked for maternal, paternal, and interaction effects on embryo development, and compared the performance of embryos within fruits and in embryo culture. Maternal plant identity affected fruit set, seeds per fruit, embryo developmental stage, and mean seed weight. In embryo culture, maternal effects were found for cotyledon size and embryo weight. Paternal effects were fewer or smaller in magnitude than maternal effects. The identity of the pollen donor affected embryo developmental stage and mean seed weight. In culture, paternal effects were detected for cotyledon size and embryo weight. Our results demonstrate that both maternal and paternal elements affect embryo growth. The fact that maternal effects are greater than paternal effects on embryo development in culture may result from cytoplasmic elements or maternal nuclear genes. Embryo performance in vivo compared to that in vitro varied among maternal plants. The interaction between an embryo and its endosperm and maternal tissues may be either positive or negative, depending upon the maternal plant and the embryo's developmental stage. 相似文献
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John N. Thompson 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1988,42(1):118-128
Although variation in oviposition preference and specificity for host plants has been demonstrated within populations of a variety of oligophagous insect species, it is unknown whether genetic variation in host choice is lost within populations of monophagous species. Analysis of a locally monophagous butterfly species, Papilio oregonius, and a locally oligophagous species, P. zelicaon, showed significant variation in oviposition preference within populations of both species. Females of both species chose primarily their native hosts. Nonetheless, the percentages of eggs laid by individual females among the plant species and the number of plant species on which individual females laid eggs differed significantly among isofemale strains within populations. Moreover, some females within all isofemale strains of both species laid a few eggs on Foeniculum vulgare, an umbelliferous species that does not occur in the native habitats of these populations but is a host for Papilio species in other geographic areas. The results suggest that local monophagy and oligophagy in these species reflect the relative ranking among potential plant species. Both populations harbor variation in oviposition choice that could allow for host shifts if these populations invaded new habitats. 相似文献
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以南方籼型水稻(Oryza sativa)品种为试验材料进行大田试验,以探讨提高水稻氮素吸收与利用效率的基因型潜力。结果表明,除早季分蘖期氮素积累量、干物质生产效率和抽穗期氮素积累量以及晚季氮素运转效率外,各基因型氮素吸收与利用效率存在显著或极显著的差异,提高水稻氮素吸收与利用效率的基因型潜力很大。基因型生育期对其氮素吸收与利用效率产生重要影响,生育期较长的基因型其氮素吸收效率、稻谷和干物质生产效率以及农艺效率较高。杂交稻氮素的生产效率、农艺效率、回收效率和收获指数较常规稻高,但二系杂交稻并没有比三系杂交稻明显提高。通过排序方式对各基因型氮素吸收与利用效率进行评价的结果表明,不同氮素吸收与利用效率指标的排序以及同一指标早晚季的排序均存在较大差异。氮素吸收与利用效率经标准化后的综合排序可对各基因型的氮素吸收与利用效率进行综合评价,吻合系数则可较好地反映各基因型早晚季氮素吸收与利用效率的排序。 相似文献
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Restionaceae are characterized by Polygonum-type development, a well-developed hypostase, the presence of starch grains in the mature female gametophyte, and a thick nucellus that is uniseriate at the micropylar end. Flagellaria indica differs in these characters. In general, proliferation of antipodals occurs in South African taxa of Restionaceae but not in Australasian taxa. The presence of multiplied antipodals is the usual condition in the allied family Poaceae, but the sporadic occurrence of this character in Restionaceae cannot be used to support the view that the two families are sister groups. 相似文献
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