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1.
云南水龙骨科水龙骨亚科孢子形态的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对云南产水龙骨科水龙骨亚科4属8种1变种植物的孢子进行了详细观察,其中篦齿蕨Metapolypodium manmeiense以及扫描电镜下观察的蒙自拟水龙骨Polypodiastrum mengtzeense为首次报道。研究结果表明,该亚科植物孢子形态较为一致,均为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为豆形,具周壁或不具周壁,外壁正面观均为较整齐的疣状纹饰。本文还就孢子形态及其与该亚科植物的系统分类和演化关系进行了讨论,为水龙骨科的系统分类及孢粉学研究提供了资料。  相似文献   

2.
师雄  杨鲁红  陈茜 《广西植物》2017,37(11):1455-1462
利用光镜和扫描电镜,对石韦属(Pyrrosia)19种植物的孢子纹饰进行了研究。结果表明:19种石韦属孢子都为黄色,形态均为肾形,两侧对称,单裂缝,说明该属植物是一个自然类群。表面纹饰类型有3种,即瘤状、瘤状—疣状和瘤状—网脊状。孢子表面纹饰特征性状稳定,在种间存在较大差异。该研究结果可以为形态近似种的分类提供参考依据,同时也为石韦属属下分类系统的建立提供了重要证据。  相似文献   

3.
篦齿蕨属Metapolypodium Ching是亚洲大陆特有植物, 仅含篦齿蕨Metapolypodium manmeiense (Christ) Ching 1种, 分布于中国西南及其邻近地区, 其系统位置一直是一个有待解决的问题。本文用叶绿体rbcL和rps4-trnS区序列探讨篦齿蕨属的系统位置。我们对篦齿蕨及其近缘类群的叶绿体rbcL和rps4-trnS区进行PCR扩增和序列测定。用最大简约法、邻接法和贝叶斯推断法对自测序列结合由GenBank下载的rbcL和rps4-trnS区序列进行独立和联合的系统发育分析, 所构建的系统发生树的拓扑结构基本一致。结果显示: 篦齿蕨属与多足蕨属Polypodium L. emend. Ching的关系较疏远, 而与水龙骨属Polypodiodes Ching和拟水龙骨属Polypodiastrum Ching的成员聚成一个支系, 与栗柄水龙骨Polypodiodes microrhizoma (C. B. Clarke ex Baker) Ching的关系最近。根据本文的研究结果, 我们赞成秦仁昌1978年的分类系统, 即分别承认多足蕨属、篦齿蕨属、水龙骨属、拟水龙骨属和棱脉蕨属Schellolepis J. Sm.为独立的类群。根据分子系统学证据, 宜将栗柄水龙骨转移到篦齿蕨属中。  相似文献   

4.
山东蛾眉蕨属植物孢子形态的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文在经典分类的基础上,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对山东分布的蛾眉蕨属3种植物(其中山东蛾眉蕨Lunathyium shandong-ense J.X.Li et F.Z.Li为1新种)的孢子形态进行了系统的观察,结果表明,其孢子形态、周壁纹饰,在种间有着显著的差异,故为本属植物的种间分类提供了孢子形态的依据,本文还讨论了蛾眉蕨属与其亲缘属间的分类问题。  相似文献   

5.
水龙骨亚科植物(水龙骨科)的形态解剖学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对水龙骨科水龙骨亚科5属16种植物的孢子形态、叶表皮结构、叶柄和根状茎的横切、根状茎上的鳞片以及叶脉特征进行了详细的观察和分析,探讨了该亚科植物的系统位置和亲缘关系。结果表明,在该亚科植物类群中,主要分布于亚洲亚热带地区的篦齿蕨属、拟水龙骨属和水龙骨属的亲缘关系较近,而主要分布于亚洲热带地区的棱脉蕨属和亚洲温带地区的多足蕨属的系统位置则分别较孤立。  相似文献   

6.
利用扫描电镜对假瘤蕨属2系、5亚系22种植物的孢子纹饰特征进行了研究.结果显示:该属孢子为单裂缝、两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形.表面纹饰具有6种类型:光滑、粗糙、颗粒、棒状、疣状和瘤状纹饰以及它们之间的过渡类型.研究表明,孢子纹饰特征可以用来区分该属中的近缘种,但不能用以界定假瘤蕨属的属下分类--系和亚系.  相似文献   

7.
水龙骨亚科植物叶表皮微形态及其系统学意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用光学显微镜对水龙骨亚科(Subfam.Polypodioideae Nayar)4属11种1变种植物,即篦齿蕨、日本水龙骨、光茎水龙骨、栗柄水龙骨、假毛柄水龙骨、假友水龙骨、中华水龙骨、友水龙骨、柔毛水龙骨、喜马拉雅水龙骨、蒙自拟水龙骨和穴果棱脉蕨植物的叶表皮微形态进行了观察比较。结果表明:该亚科植物的叶表皮细胞都为不规则型,垂周壁为波状或深波状。它们的气孔器类型有7种,为极细胞型、共环极细胞型、腋下细胞型、聚腋下细胞型、不等细胞型、不规则四细胞型和不规则细胞型。对篦齿蕨属与多足蕨属、栗柄水龙骨与篦齿蕨、光茎水龙骨与日本水龙骨的亲缘关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

8.
利用扫描电镜对中国产叉蕨科7属34种植物孢子的形态进行了观察。叉蕨科植物孢子为左右对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形、超半圆形或豆形;极轴长为18~38μm,赤道轴长为23~57μm;单裂缝,裂缝长度为孢子全长的1/2~2/3;孢子具脊状、翅状、刺状和耳状4种纹饰,孢子表面有时具细刺、颗粒或孔。通过孢粉学分析,叉蕨科依据孢子形态特征和依据孢子体形态特征的分类结果并不一致,孢粉纹饰类型呈现一定程度的属间交叉;支持将叉蕨科和鳞毛蕨科进行重新划分的MAARTEN J.M的新分类系统。  相似文献   

9.
为获取其孢子萌发类型与该属植物系统发育、生态选择以及生殖策略选择的相关性,该研究通过室内人工培养的方式,在微米量级下观察并描述了碎米藓属(Fabronia)碎米藓(F.pusilla)和东亚碎米藓(F.matsumurae)两种藓类植物孢子萌发、原丝体发育和配子体发生的过程。结果表明:(1)两种藓类植物孢子均为壁外萌发,均产生由1~15个半圆球形细胞组成的绿丝体(chloronema)短枝;(2)碎米藓在绿丝体顶端分化产生轴丝体细胞,东亚碎米藓未分化产生轴丝体(caulonema);(3)两种藓类植物配子体原始细胞均在绿丝体上分化产生。参照Nishida对藓类植物孢子萌发型划分标准,分析并确定了碎米藓属两种藓类植物孢子萌发型均为蓑藓型(Maromitrium-type),为碎米藓属的系统分类提供了发育学证据。  相似文献   

10.
用扫描电镜对国产水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)19属54种1变种1变型和国外产水龙骨科1属6种植物的孢子进行了观察.结果表明:该科植物的孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形或豆形,外壁较厚,光滑或形成疣状、波纹状或不规则块状纹饰,周壁较薄,具瘤状、颗粒状纹饰或光滑具附属物.根据孢子表面的纹饰可分为6种类型:(1)疣状纹饰,如东北多足蕨(Polypodium virginianum L.)和友水龙骨[Polypodiodes amoena (Wall.ex Mett.) Ching]等;(2)瘤状纹饰,如石韦[Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell]和石蕨[Saxiglossum angustissimum (Gies.) Ching]等;(3)颗粒状纹饰,如狭叶毛鳞蕨(Tricholepidium angustifolium Ching)和紫柄假瘤蕨[Phymatopteris crenatopinnata (C.B.Clarke) Pic.Serm.]等;(4)波纹状纹饰,如瓦韦[Lepisorus thunbergianus (Kaulf.) Ching]和伏石蕨(Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C.Presl)等;(5)不规则块状纹饰,如有边瓦韦(Lepisorus marginatus Ching)和江南星蕨[Microsorum fortunei (T.Moore) Ching]等;(6)光滑具附属物,如丝带蕨[Drymotaenium miyoshianum (Makino) Makino]和瘤蕨[Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.) Pic.Serm.]等.从孢粉学的角度探讨了该科的属间系统演化关系,认为水龙骨科可能具有4条不同的演化路线,并对其与近缘科的关系进行了探讨.  相似文献   

11.
根据叶绿体rbcL和rps4-trnS序列及叶脉类型、孢子纹饰特征等证据,栗柄水龙骨Polypodiodes microrhizoma(C.B.Clarke ex Baker)Ching属于篦齿蕨属Metapolypodium Ching的范畴,因此将其组合到篦齿蕨属MetapolypodiumChing之下更合理。文中报道了该新组合种,即栗柄篦齿蕨Metapolypodium microrhizomum(C.B.Clarke ex Baker)S.G.Lu et L.H.Yang。  相似文献   

12.
Sunanda Pal  N. Pal 《Grana》2013,52(2):141-148
The examination of spores belonging to eight species representing five genera of Polypodiaceae reveals that they are typically free, anisopolar and monolete (bilateral). In a majority of cases the spores are yellow and have a short laesura—about half the length of the greater equatorial axis of the spore. Generally, the spores are elliptical in polar view and plano-convex to concavo-convex in profile view but in cross section they vary in shape. The average measurements in equatorial plane range from 44 μ to 71 μ whereas in the polar direction they vary from 27 μ to 47 μ. The exine is thin (about 2.5 μ and nearly smooth (laevigose-scabrous-foveolose) in Microsorium and Phymatodes but in the other investigated genera, it is thicker, possessing different types of projections. P: E varies from 4.6 to 5.5: 8. Oil globules are present in the spores of some species.

Available data on morphology of spores of Polypodiaceae have been tabulated in two tables on a comparative basis and their importance in taxonomy and phylogeny of some genera have been discussed.  相似文献   

13.
报道广西蕨类植物分布新记录1属7种1变型,即粉叶蕨属、锡金石杉、四川石杉、笔直石松、布朗卷柏、粤铁线蕨、粉叶蕨、大叶贯众、中华水龙骨.该文列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布.  相似文献   

14.
Storing spores is a promising method to conserve genetic diversity of ferns ex situ. Inappropriate water contents or damaging effects of triacylglycerol (TAG) crystallization may cause initial damage and deterioration with time in spores placed at -15 degrees C or liquid nitrogen temperatures. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to monitor enthalpy and temperature of water and TAG phase transitions within spores of five fern species: Pteris vittata, Thelypteris palustris, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum setiferum. The analyses suggested that these fern spores contained between 26% and 39% TAG, and were comprised of mostly oleic (P. vittata) or linoleic acid (other species) depending on species. The water contents at which water melting events were first observable ranged from 0.06 (P. vittata) to 0.12 (P. setiferum)gH(2)Og(-1)dry weight, and were highly correlated with water affinity parameters. In spores containing more than 0.09 (P. vittata) to 0.25 (P. setiferum)gH(2)Og(-1)dry weight, some water partitioned into a near pure water fraction that melted at about 0 degrees C. These sharp peaks near 0 degrees C were associated with lethal freezing treatments. The enthalpy of water melting transitions was similar in fern spores, pollen and seeds; however, the unfrozen water content was much lower in fern spores compared to other forms of germplasm. Though there is a narrow range of water contents appropriate for low temperature storage of fern spores, water content can be precisely manipulated to avoid both desiccation and freezing damage.  相似文献   

15.
广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅱ.铁角蕨属   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
邓晰朝  陆树刚  王任翔  张义正   《广西植物》2006,26(6):592-596
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产9种铁角蕨属植物即拟狭翅铁角蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、剑叶铁角蕨、长生铁角蕨、岭南铁角蕨、石生铁角蕨、阴湿铁角蕨、半边铁角蕨和细裂铁角蕨植物的孢子形态进行了观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了详细描述,其中5种铁角蕨属植物孢子的表面纹饰为首次报道。结果如下:9种铁角蕨属植物孢子都为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形、椭圆形或近圆形。主要纹饰类型有翅脊状纹饰、翅状纹饰和脊状纹饰类型。讨论了各种间的差异。为铁角蕨属的分类和系统演化研究提供孢粉学的资料。  相似文献   

16.
17.
张开梅  方炎明  万劲  陶峰 《广西植物》2011,31(3):318-322
采用混合土培养渐尖毛蕨和齿牙毛蕨的孢子,显微镜下观察记录了它们的孢子萌发及配子体发育过程.结果表明:两者的孢子均为深褐色,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为半圆形,单裂缝;渐尖毛蕨的孢子萌发所需时间较渐尖毛蕨短,但两者萌发类型均为书带蕨型;丝状体阶段均发达;原叶体边缘均可产生少量毛状体;成熟原叶体均呈心脏形;由原叶体发育成幼孢...  相似文献   

18.
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产凤尾蕨科及其近缘科蕨科、姬蕨科和碗蕨科5属9种植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究,详细描述了9种植物孢子的形态及表面纹饰特征.井栏边草、刺齿凤尾蕨、隆林凤尾蕨、剑叶凤尾蕨、林下凤尾蕨、蕨和碗蕨植物的孢子为三裂缝,辐射对称;极面观为钝三角形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;栗蕨和姬蕨植物孢子为...  相似文献   

19.
Human microsporidiosis, a serious disease of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed people, can be due to zoonotic and environmental transmission of microsporidian spores. A survey utilizing conventional and molecular techniques for examining feces from 570 free-ranging, captive, and livestock birds demonstrated that 21 animals shed microsporidian spores of species known to infect humans, including Encephalitozoon hellem (20 birds; 3.5%) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (1 bird; 0.2%). Of 11 avian species that shed E. hellem and E. intestinalis, 8 were aquatic birds (i.e., common waterfowl). The prevalence of microsporidian infections in waterfowl (8.6%) was significantly higher than the prevalence of microsporidian infections in other birds (1.1%) (P < 0.03); waterfowl fecal droppings contained significantly more spores (mean, 3.6 x 10(5) spores/g) than nonaquatic bird droppings contained (mean, 4.4 x 10(4) spores/g) (P < 0.003); and the presence of microsporidian spores of species known to infect humans in fecal samples was statistically associated with the aquatic status of the avian host (P < 0.001). We demonstrated that a single visit of a waterfowl flock can introduce into the surface water approximately 9.1 x 10(8) microsporidian spores of species known to infect humans. Our findings demonstrate that waterborne microsporidian spores of species that infect people can originate from common waterfowl, which usually occur in large numbers and have unlimited access to surface waters, including waters used for production of drinking water.  相似文献   

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