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1.
悬铃木叶片对悬铃木方翅网蝽为害的生理响应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
鞠瑞亭  王凤  李博 《昆虫学报》2010,53(9):1009-1014
为了认识近年来入侵中国的外来害虫悬铃木方翅网蝽Corythucha ciliata刺吸为害对寄主的影响,将室内饲养虫源接入野外悬铃木Platanus×acerifolia叶片上,利用光合作用仪和比色法,测定了不同受害级别下悬铃木叶片几种生理性状的变化。结果表明:随着受害级别的增高,叶片光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)总体呈下降趋势。叶片不同受害级别与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈正相关(P< 0.01)。悬铃木方翅网蝽刺吸悬铃木叶片组织后, 叶片叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素都较对照降低,且随着被害级别的增高,降低程度逐渐增大。叶面积受害级别与叶绿体色素之间呈显著的负相关关系(P< 0.01)。随着叶片受害级别的增大,可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势,而游离脯氨酸含量的变化则无规律性。这些结果说明, 悬铃木方翅网蝽的刺吸为害能造成寄主植物光合作用的减弱及叶片其他生理生化指标变化。  相似文献   

2.
孙兴华  周晓榕  庞保平  孟庆玖 《昆虫学报》2012,55(10):1178-1184
南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard)是一种危害多种蔬菜和观赏植物的多食性害虫。本研究采用蒽酮比色法、 考马斯亮蓝法、 磷钼酸 磷钨酸比色法、 索氏回流法及丙酮法, 分别测定了南美斑潜蝇1~3龄幼虫不同为害程度(系统受害、 轻度受害和重度受害)对黄瓜叶片内可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白质、 单宁、 黄酮及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明: 南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害后, 黄瓜叶片中可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素的含量随着为害程度的增强而显著降低(P<0.01), 最大降幅分别为62%, 35%和40%; 单宁和黄酮的含量随着为害程度的增强而显著上升(P<0.01), 最高升幅分别为26%和53%; 并且具有系统性影响。结果提示, 南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害导致寄主植物营养物质含量下降、 光合作用降低, 而次生代谢物质含量上升, 从而对植食者产生诱导抗性。本研究结果为进一步揭示南美斑潜蝇与其寄主植物相互作用关系及其机理提供了有益的参考。  相似文献   

3.
先提供气味刺激,再提供含不同寄主植物叶片提取物的蜜糖刺激,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了3种寄主植物(丝瓜、番茄和菜豆)叶片表面非挥发性次生化合物刺激对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae雌成虫嗅觉记忆的影响。结果表明:菜豆叶片沸水提取物能促进雌成虫对芳樟醇的嗅觉记忆,而丝瓜和番茄叶片沸水提取物则能提高雌成虫对正己烷的记忆能力。因此,不同寄主植物叶片提取物影响了美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫对不同气味的嗅觉记忆。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】为揭示南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard)与其寄主相互作用的机理, 为利用诱导抗性控制南美斑潜蝇的发生为害奠定必要的基础。【方法】本文采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和超高效液相色谱法-质谱联用法(UPLC MS), 分别测定了南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害对黄瓜叶片中茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)和水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)的诱导作用。【结果】南美斑潜蝇幼虫持续为害1 d后, 受害黄瓜叶片内JA含量即显著高于健康对照, 轻度受害处理和重度受害处理分别在第3天和第5天上升幅度最大, 分别比健康对照增加2.01倍和1.62倍; 而SA含量在3 d后才显著高于健康对照, 轻度受害处理和重度受害处理在第9天上升幅度最大, 分别比健康对照增加4.66倍和1.67倍; 轻度受害对JA和SA的系统诱导作用不明显, 而重度受害对JA和SA具有明显的系统诱导作用。【结论】南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害对黄瓜叶片内JA和SA具有诱导作用。  相似文献   

5.
寄生蜂对美洲斑潜蝇自然种群控制作用的评价   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
应用作用因子生命表方法以及在此基础上提出的排除作用控制指数法评价了寄生蜂对美洲班潜蝇自然种群的控制作用,结果表明,底比斯釉姬小蜂,丽潜蝇姬小蜂,冈崎釉姬小蜂,异角姬小蜂,黄潜蝇姬小蜂,甘蓝潜潜蝇茧蜂和离潜蝇的种群数量将比原各群增长1.23,2.73,5.98,5.92和5.71倍,在春季菜豆,豇豆,丝瓜和黄瓜上第2代美洲斑潜蝇中,若排除寄生蜂作用因子后,美洲斑潜蝇在上述4种蔬菜上的种群数量将分别多增长2.73,2.87,2.24和1.89倍,寄生蜂对美洲班潜蝇3龄幼虫的控制作用大于1龄,2龄幼虫和蛹的控制作用;春季美洲斑潜连续世代中,第1,2代寄生蜂的控制作用较第3,4,5代低,寄生蜂有菜豆和豇豆上的控制作用比在丝瓜和黄瓜上高。  相似文献   

6.
六种植物叶片中葫芦素B对美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
张茂新  凌冰  曾玲  庞雄飞 《生态学报》2004,24(11):2564-2568
在网室条件下 ,测定了美洲斑潜蝇对豇豆、苦瓜、黄瓜、白瓜、节瓜和丝瓜的寄主选择性。结果表明 ,美洲斑潜蝇在 6种不同植物叶片上的幼虫数、虫道数和为害程度具有明显的差异。从幼虫数和为害程度综合分析 ,美洲斑潜蝇在豇豆和丝瓜上的幼虫数、为害程度最高 ,分别是 0 .183头 / cm2 ,13.4 7%和 0 .0 99头 / cm2 ,2 3.4 2 % ,表明该虫对豇豆和丝瓜的选择性最强。在苦瓜上没有美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫寄生及取食虫道。该虫对其它 3种植物的选择性依次为节瓜、白瓜和黄瓜。在此基础上 ,进一步研究了不同植物叶片甲醇提取物中葫芦素 B的含量与美洲斑潜蝇寄主选择性的关系。经高效液相色谱 (HPL C)测定 ,苦瓜中的葫芦素 B含量最高 (2 3.8μg/ ml) ,其次是黄瓜 (9.6 μg/ ml)、白瓜 (4 .3μg/ ml)、豇豆 (2 .7μg/ ml)和节瓜 (2 .5 μg/ m l) ,丝瓜中含量最少 ,仅为1.3μg/ ml。分析结果证实不同植物叶中的葫芦素 B含量与其幼虫数呈负相关 (r1 =- 0 .82 0 6 ,r0 .0 5=0 .811) ;将不同植物叶中的葫芦素 B含量和美洲斑潜蝇的为害程度分别转换成对数后进行相关性分析 ,二者之间的相关性呈极显著的负相关(r2 =- 0 .980 4 ,r0 .0 1 =0 .917)。说明随着寄主植物叶片中葫芦素 B含量的增加 ,美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫数及为害程度明显  相似文献   

7.
测定用菜豆和丝瓜饲养的美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard蛹暴露于用正己烷稀释的番茄或南瓜叶片挥发性抽提物(TLE或PLE)72h后,羽化雌成虫在Y形嗅觉仪中对TLE或PLE的定向率、平均反应时间以及对正己烷的定向率和平均反应时间,比较幼虫寄主经历和寄主气味对美洲斑潜蝇成虫嗅觉记忆的影响。结果表明,蛹期使用非嗜食寄主植物气味处理,能增加美洲斑潜蝇羽化雌成虫对非嗜食寄主气味的定向;幼虫期的寄主经历对处理后的成虫嗅觉定向也产生影响,饲喂丝瓜的美洲斑潜蝇蛹期处理后,羽化雌成虫显著偏向选择处理气味而非正己烷,饲喂菜豆的美洲斑潜蝇对南瓜的气味也表现出同样的特点,但对番茄的气味则相反,即使处理后对番茄气味的选择比率增加,仍然偏向选择正己烷。  相似文献   

8.
【背景】美洲斑潜蝇是一种严重威胁瓜果蔬菜、烟草、棉花等经济作物和花卉生产的入侵性害虫。由于潜叶蝇类害虫体型较小、生活方式隐蔽、形态相似,本文针对其难以快速准确地进行形态鉴别的问题,以美洲斑潜蝇为研究对象,以菜田常见的4种潜叶蝇类害虫为参照,采用种特异性PCR方法(species specific PCR, SS PCR),研究其快速分子检测鉴定技术。【方法】调用GenBank中一段936 bp的美洲斑潜蝇线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(CO[KG-*2]Ⅰ)的序列(GenBank登录号为EU219613),并根据此基因片段的碱基序列设计引物1对,其扩增片段大小为294 bp。【结果】种特异性检验结果显示,该引物只对美洲斑潜蝇的CO[KG-*2]Ⅰ基因具有扩增能力,对其他种类如南美斑潜蝇、三叶斑潜蝇、葱斑潜蝇、豌豆潜叶蝇等没有扩增能力。该引物不仅对成虫具有良好的扩增效果,对蛹、幼虫以及单粒卵也具有同样的扩增效果,其最低检出阈值为1/3840头成虫。【结论与意义】SS PCR技术体系可用于美洲斑潜蝇的鉴定识别与检测监测,对阻止其进一步扩散蔓延具有重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
以牡丹江地区的白牛槭(Acer mandshuricum)、茶条槭(Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala.)、糖槭(Acer saccharum)、五角槭(Acer pictum subsp. mono)4种槭树为研究对象,分别于春季、夏季和秋季进行取样,测定叶片性状指标(叶厚度、气孔长度、气孔宽度、气孔密度、叶脉密度、比叶面积及色素质量分数),分析叶片各性状的季节变化趋势,并探讨色素与叶性状间在不同季节下的关系。结果如下:(1)4种槭树均表现为在夏季具有较高的叶厚度、较低的比叶面积和气孔密度,在秋季具较高的比叶面积和叶脉密度、较低的叶厚度。(2)4种槭树均为在夏季有较高的叶绿素a、b,在秋季色素质量分数均降低,季节变化区间分别为叶绿素a 77.40%~98.80%,叶绿素b 85.60%~99.53%,类胡萝卜素4.29%~78.52%。(3)色素与叶性状关系密切,季节动态下色素与比叶面积、气孔密度、叶脉密度正相关,与叶厚度、气孔长度、气孔宽度负相关(P<0.05),但不同季节相关性略有差异。4种彩叶植物的叶片在应对不同季节的气候条件时形成了不同的构建策略,其叶片功能性状的变异体现了彩叶植物适应季节变化的权衡机制。  相似文献   

10.
【背景】美洲斑潜蝇是一种严重威胁瓜果蔬菜、烟草、棉花等经济作物和花卉生产的入侵性害虫。由于潜叶蝇类害虫体型较小、生活方式隐蔽、形态相似,本文针对其难以快速准确地进行形态鉴别的问题,以美洲斑潜蝇为研究对象,以菜田常见的4种潜叶蝇类害虫为参照,采用种特异性PCR方法(species-specific PCR,SS-PCR),研究其快速分子检测鉴定技术。【方法】调用GenBank中一段936bp的美洲斑潜蝇线粒体DNA(mtDNA)细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因(COⅠ)的序列(Gen-Bank登录号为EU219613),并根据此基因片段的碱基序列设计引物1对,其扩增片段大小为294bp。【结果】种特异性检验结果显示,该引物只对美洲斑潜蝇的COⅠ基因具有扩增能力,对其他种类如南美斑潜蝇、三叶斑潜蝇、葱斑潜蝇、豌豆潜叶蝇等没有扩增能力。该引物不仅对成虫具有良好的扩增效果,对蛹、幼虫以及单粒卵也具有同样的扩增效果,其最低检出阈值为1/3840头成虫。【结论与意义】SS-PCR技术体系可用于美洲斑潜蝇的鉴定识别与检测监测,对阻止其进一步扩散蔓延具有重要意义。  相似文献   

11.
取食经历对美洲斑潜蝇雌成虫寿命及生殖力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在实验室条件下 ,研究了取食经历对美洲斑潜蝇雌Liriomyzasativae成虫寿命和生殖力的影响。结果表明 ,幼虫期在黄瓜取食而成虫期在四季豆上取食时 ,其雌成虫寿命、总产卵量和日平均产卵量均明显小于幼虫期在长豇豆上取食而成虫期在四季豆上取食时 (P <0 0 1 ) ;当幼虫期同在长豇豆上取食时 ,成虫在黄瓜上取食时的雌成虫寿命、总产卵量和日平均产卵量均明显小于成虫在四季豆取食时 (P<0 0 5或P <0 0 1 )。这说明美洲斑潜蝇幼虫和成虫取食经历对其成虫寿命和生殖力均有显著的影响  相似文献   

12.
Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were examined in kidney bean plants, with developing gradually water stress for several days after watering and then permitted to recover by re-watering. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance decreased rapidly by withholding water for 2 days. The Fv/Fm of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics slightly decreased when the water was withheld for 7 days. After re-watering the rate of recovery of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance decreased gradually as the days without watering became longer. The differences existed in rates of recovery of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance following drought stress. Among the fractional recoveries the highest was photosynthesis, and the lowest was stomatal conductance. Photosynthesis rate following drought stress was rapidly recovered until 2 days after re-watering, then recovered slowly. The critical time for the recovery of photosynthesis was recognized. The results show clearly a close correlation between the leaf water potential and the recovery level and speed of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance.  相似文献   

13.
采用水培方式研究了LaCl3对140 mmol·L-1 NO3-硝酸盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响.结果表明: 硝酸盐胁迫显著降低了黄瓜幼苗叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,叶片Mg2+ ATPase、Ca2+ ATPase活性也随之降低;硝酸盐胁迫7 d,黄瓜幼苗叶片光合速率的降低以气孔限制为主,叶片AQY与CE下降,胁迫12 d则以非气孔限制为主.硝酸盐胁迫下,外加LaCl3可以使黄瓜叶片保持较高的Mg2+ ATPase、Ca2+ ATPase活性及叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,尤其是外加低浓度(20 μmol·L-1)LaCl3显著增加了叶片类胡萝卜素含量;LaCl3还具有降低气孔关闭、改善叶片气体交换功能,减缓叶片Fv/Fm、ФPSII、AQY、CE及qP的降低幅度等作用,使叶片在盐胁迫下保持较高的光能利用率及CO2同化能力.20 μmol·L-1 LaCl3可以有效缓解硝酸盐对黄瓜幼苗光合作用的影响,而200 μmol·L-1LaCl3在胁迫初期对黄瓜幼苗有缓解效果,后期则效果不明显.该结果可为设施土壤的改良提供新的途径.  相似文献   

14.
以我国温带主要阔叶树种水曲柳幼苗为对象,在长白山自然保护区海拔740 m和1200 m布设两处试验地,分别进行增水30%(+W)、减水30%(-W)和自然降水(CK)处理试验,分析植株生长和叶片光合作用参数、可溶性蛋白和光合色素含量,以及降水和温度变化对水曲柳光合作用的影响.结果表明:温度变化对水曲柳幼苗生长和光合生理指标的影响显著,与海拔1200 m样地相比,海拔740 m样地3个处理水曲柳幼苗的基径、株高、叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,胡萝卜素含量降低;叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和气孔限制值均显著升高,而胞间CO2浓度和叶片水分利用效率显著降低.水曲柳幼苗光合能力的下降归因于非气孔因素限制.降水变化对水曲柳幼苗生长及光合作用的影响均不显著.  相似文献   

15.
紫外辐射对菜豆不同叶位叶片光合及保护酶活性的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
以菜豆为实验材料,用紫外辐射处理,测定植物各叶位叶片的生理活性。结果表明,紫外辐射条件下,叶片的光合、蒸腾速率先升高,随后迅速降低,辐射处理3 h对光合作用的抑制程度随叶位升高而增加;第1叶气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度随辐射处理略有增加,而第2、3叶的则先升高随后降低;辐射处理使叶绿素含量先降低随后有所增加,但明显增加叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量;紫外辐射处理后,叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高随后降低,紫外辐射3 h第1叶POD活性比对照降低26.9%,辐射使第1叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性略有升高,但明显降低第2、3叶的SOD活性。  相似文献   

16.
The dynamics of leaf chlorophyll level, nitrogen content, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were followed in detail in two cultivars of maize (Zea mays) during a short period of water stress, applied at tasseling, and during the subsequent recovery phase. Plants used in the experiment were grown in sand-nutrient solution culture under field weather conditions. Water stress reduced chlorophyll levels, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, but the nitrogen content of the leaves was not affected. It is concluded that the stress-induced loss of chlorophyll is not mediated by a lack of nitrogen. Considerable differences were observed between genotypes in the rate of post-stress recovery of chlorophyll level. Recovery, upon rewatering, of stomatal conductance and photosynthesis preceded that of chlorophyll level. Losses of up to 40% of leaf chlorophyll content were insufficient to affect rates of photosynthesis measured at mid-day.  相似文献   

17.
McDonald  G.K.  Paulsen  G.M. 《Plant and Soil》1997,196(1):47-58
Effects of high temperature on photosynthesis, and its interaction with water relations in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), faba bean (Vicia faba), and five cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum) were investigated. Responses of all species were compared at 20/15, 30/15, or 30/25 °C day/night, and cowpea and pea were compared at 20/15 and 30/25 °C under well-watered and limited-water conditions. Response of pea to 20/15 and 30/25 °C during flowering was ascertained, and sensitivity of the photosystem of pea and faba bean to 40 °C was determined.High temperature decreased chlorophyll variable fluorescence (Fv), a measure of injury to photosynthesis, in all species except cowpea, which was highly tolerant. Leaf chlorophyll and most measures of growth were favored by high day temperature but not by high night temperature, and photosynthetic rates were enhanced by high temperatures that increased leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen (N) contents. High temperature diminished growth less than water deficiency and increased water use of all three species but only lowered the water potential in faba bean. Water deficiency generally decreased growth, water use, and water potential more at 30/25 °C than at 20/15 °C. Stress from high temperature during flowering of pea decreased all components of yield at maturity, particularly at nodes that flowered latest. Whole-chain photosynthetic activity in thylakoids of pea, faba bean, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were equally sensitive to high temperature, suggesting that Photosystem Il was the most labile component. The results show that high temperature affects photosynthesis, growth, and water relations of grain legumes, and sensitivity to the stress differs among species and genotypes.  相似文献   

18.
Long-term effects of light quality on leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were studied in cucumber, and their joint impact on leaf photosynthesis in response to osmotic-induced water stress was assessed. Plants were grown under low intensity monochromatic red (R, 640 nm), blue (B, 420 nm) or combined red and blue (R:B, 70:30) light. K(leaf) and g(s) were much lower in leaves that developed without blue light. Differences in g(s) were caused by differences in stomatal aperture and stomatal density, of which the latter was largely due to differences in epidermal cell size and hardly due to stomatal development. Net photosynthesis (A(N)) was lowest in R-, intermediate in B-, and highest in RB- grown leaves. The low A(N) in R-grown leaves correlated with a low leaf internal CO(2) concentration and reduced PSII operating efficiency. In response to osmotic stress, all leaves showed similar degrees of stomatal closure, but the reduction in A(N) was larger in R- than in B- and RB-grown leaves. This was probably due to damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, which only occurred in R-grown leaves. The present study shows the co-ordination of K(leaf) and g(s) across different light qualities, while the presence of blue in the light spectrum seems to drive both K(leaf) and g(s) towards high, sun-type leaf values, as was previously reported for maximal photosynthetic capacity and leaf morphology. The present results suggest the involvement of blue light receptors in the usually harmonized development of leaf characteristics related to water relations and photosynthesis under different light environments.  相似文献   

19.
The photosynthetic characteristics of two contrasting varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) have been determined. These varieties, Arroz and Orfeo, differ in their productivity under stress conditions, resistance to drought stress, and have distinctly different stomatal behaviour. When grown under conditions of high irradiance and high temperature, both varieties displayed evidence of photosynthetic acclimation at the chloroplast level-there was an increase in chlorophyll a/b ratio, a decreased content of Lhcb proteins, and an increased xanthophyll cycle pool size. Both varieties also showed reduced chlorophyll content on a leaf area basis and a decrease in leaf area. Both varieties showed an increase in leaf thickness but only Arroz showed the characteristic elongated palisade cells in the high light-grown plants; Orfeo instead had a larger number of smaller, rounded cells. Differences were found in stomatal development: whereas Arroz showed very little change in stomatal density, Orfeo exhibited a large increase, particularly on the upper leaf surface. It is suggested that these differences in leaf cell structure and stomatal density give rise to altered rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Whereas, Arroz had the same photosynthetic rate in plants grown at both low and high irradiance, Orfeo showed a higher photosynthetic capacity at high irradiance. It is suggested that the higher yield of Orfeo compared with Arroz under stress conditions can be explained, in part, by these cellular differences.  相似文献   

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