滇西热泉中9个16S rDNA克隆的分析*

用免培养法 (Culture independentapproach)从腾冲大滚锅和龙陵大沸泉两个高温热泉中获得的 1 6SrDNA ,经克隆筛选 ,测定了其中 9个克隆的 1 6SrDNA插入片段的近全序列 ,构建系统发育树进行分析。结果表明 ,9个克隆中有 4个是Thermus属、 2个是Bacillus属、1个是Hydrogenobacter属、 1个是Pseudomonas属 ,还有 1个在Thermodesulfobacteriaceae科     

鸡粪沼气池产甲烷菌多样性

采用分子生物学方法构建16SrDNA基因文库,研究鸡粪沼气池发酵液中产甲烷菌的菌群结构。随机分析文库中50个克隆的16SrDNA基因序列,结果发现,其中46个克隆属于产甲烷菌属,与Methanogenium marinum strain AK-1菌株的相似性为99%-100%,占总数的92%;3个克隆(KD525、KD526和KD567)属于甲烷袋状菌属,与Methanoculleus sp.dm2菌株的相似性均为99%,占总数的6%;1个克隆(KD519)属于甲烷粒菌属,与Methanocorpusculum bavaricum菌株的相似性为99%,占总数的2%。另外,同样分析了样品中甲基辅酶M还原酶alpha亚基mcrA基因氨基酸序列的差异。气相色谱法分析结果显示,发酵液中甲酸含量为28.85g/L,约占总有机酸含量的81.7%;沼气的主要成分为甲烷、二氧化碳和氢气,分别约占总气体量的55.5%、41.1%和3.2%。     

东北虎粪细菌区系的16S rRNA基因序列分析

为研究东北虎粪微生物区系建立了东北虎粪细菌的16SrDNA文库。通过EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ分别对阳性克隆进行酶切分析,从东北虎的16SrDNA文库中分别获得了15个具有酶切差异的克隆。BLAST分析结果显示,在15个克隆中,10个克隆与梭菌属成员有97%以上的同源性,其中有6个序列与诺维梭菌A型(Clostridiumnovyitype A)有99%的同源性,为诺维梭菌A型;4个序列与猪粪细菌RT-18B(Swine manure bacteriumRT-18B)有97%的同源性,为消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)成员。其它序列与GenBank中登录的序列同源性低于97%,为5种未培养细菌,其中4种16SrRNA基因序列分别与Clostridiumpascui、破伤风梭菌E88(ClostridiumtetaniE88)、梭菌(Clostridiumsp.)14505及产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridiumperfringens)有94%~95%的相似性。第5种与肉杆菌(Carnobacteriumsp.)R-7279株有94%的同源性。     

海绵Pachychalina sp．体内古菌多样性非培养技术分析

采用非分离培养分析方法 ,即 16SrDNA限制性酶切片段长度多态性 (ARDRA)和测序方法对南海湛江海域海绵Pachychalinasp .体内的古菌多样性进行了研究。从海绵体内直接提取古菌总DNA。以样品总DNA为模板 ,用古菌 16SrDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增获得 16SrDNA ,回收、纯化 16SrDNA产物并克隆到T Vector。进行第二次PCR扩增反应 ,且对扩增产物进行ARDRA。在古菌 16SrDNA的ARDRA图谱中 ,大多数克隆的酶切带谱上存在差异 ;随机挑选 8个克隆子进行测序 ,获得古菌 16SrDNA的部分序列 ,并对 16SrDNA序列进行聚类分析构建了系统进化树 ,结果发现海绵体内的古菌主要属于Methanogeniumorganophilum、Methanoplanuspetrolearius等古菌类。但它们与目前数据库中收录的古细菌间的相似性均不超过 90 % ,它们极有可能是一些新的古菌     

太湖梅梁湾冬季浮游细菌的多样性

运用分子生物学方法对太湖梅梁湾2005年3月冬季水体中的浮游细菌多样性进行了研究。提取水样中细菌基因组总DNA,以细菌的16SrDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经分子克隆、酶切归类分析、测序和序列分析,对水样中的细菌群落建立了针对16SrDNA的克隆文库和系统发生树。基于细菌16SrDNA克隆文库和系统发生树的分析,结果表明,该水域的优势细菌类群为拟杆菌(Cy-tophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides,44.3%)和β、γ变形杆菌(Proteobacteria;β-Proteobacteria,25.3%和γ-Proteobacteria,27.8%),其中大部分细菌与黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和食酸菌属(Acidovorax)细菌的关系密切。与国外富营养化湖泊的研究报道相比较,γ-Proteobacteria类群为水体中的优势类群,是严重富营养化的太湖在冬季所具有的独特种群结构特征。     

厚荚相思树根瘤菌HJ06菌株的16S rDNA全序列和nifA基因片段分析

对厚荚相思(Acaciacrassicarpa)根瘤菌HJ06菌株的16SrDNA全序列和nifA基因片段进行了测定。结果表明,HJ06菌株在以16SrDNA序列构建的系统发育树状图中位于根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)分支中,与根瘤菌属各个种的相似性达95%以上;从HJ06菌株克隆出的585bpnifA基因片段与Klebsiellapneumoniae的同源性达到99.3%,与Klebsiellaoxytoca的NifF,NifL,NifA,NifB蛋白基因的同源性为97.8%。     

一株海洋细菌的初步鉴定及其产黑色素相关新基因(簇)的分离

对分离自近海沼泽地大米草根际的一株供试海洋细菌MWYL1进行了形态观察、生理特性检测以及16SrDNA序列分析。实验结果表明:该菌株属于海洋单胞菌属(Marinomonas),革兰氏染色呈阴性,直杆状,好氧生长,适于28℃生长。基于16SrDNA序列的Blast分析表明,菌株MWYL1与Marinomonas pontica和Marinomonas dokdonensis的序列相似性分别为97%和95%。通过基因组fosmid文库的构建,直接分离到一个产生黑色素的克隆,进一步亚克隆和测序后获得与黑色素产生相关的功能新基因(簇),并且对其进行了生物信息学的初步分析。     

采用未培养技术对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌多样性进行初步分析

采用未培养(Culture independent)技术直接从荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液中提取瘤胃细菌微生物混合DNA(也叫元基因组DNA),利用细菌16SrDNA通用引物27F与1492R,扩增瘤胃混合微生物的16SrDNA,根据16SrDNA序列对瘤胃细菌多样性进行初步分析。通过16SrDNA序列同源性分析,发现有多于一半以上的序列与可培养的菌株的同源性小于90%,属于不可培养的菌株。选用45条测得序列与已知序列构建系统发育树,分析结果表明,它们分属于两大类LGCGPB(the lowG CGram positivebac teria)和CFB(Cytophaga_Flexibacter $CBacteroides group),剩下的克隆尚难确定其分类地位,可能是代表新属和种的序列,这些序列已向GenBank提交并得到序列号(AY986777_AY986791)。     

玉溪地区自然陈化烟叶表面可培养细菌多样性研究

目的为了较全面的了解陈化烟叶的细菌多样性,进一步挖掘其中的有益微生物。方法以种植于玉溪元江县的红大烤烟品种为材料,利用16SrDNA克隆测序技术,系统研究了云南玉溪红塔区和元江县两仓库中不同自然陈化时期烟叶表面可培养微生物的种群结构。结果陈化初期,烟叶表面细菌数量较少,元江县低水分烟叶陈化30d时细菌数量达到高峰;红塔区高水分烟叶陈化4.5个月时细菌数量达最大;经过16SrDNA鉴定,烤烟叶面细菌包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.)和泛菌属(Pantoeasp.)等8个细菌属。结论不同时期、不同地点陈化烟叶表面细菌的优势种群不尽相同,而芽孢杆菌属始终为优势种群。另外,研究中分离到的大量可培养细菌,为进一步筛选烟叶表面有益细菌提供了重要线索。     

焦化废水工业处理装置和实验室装置硝化菌群的分子比较

反应器的群落结构分析有助于对工业装置的故障原因进行诊断。为了解决某焦化废水处理装置硝化功能低下的故障,构建了一套相似的实验室装置作为参照系统,该装置的硝化功能良好。通过工业装置和实验室装置好氧池生物膜16SrDNA克隆文库的比较,分析了它们之间硝化菌群的组成差异。实验室装置克隆文库的构成说明Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosoccus mobilis类群和Nitrospira属Ⅰ亚区系分别是该工艺条件下优势的氨氧化菌和亚硝酸氧化菌,但工业装置的克隆文库中却没有找到任何与硝化菌序列相近的克隆,这说明工业装置中硝化菌的多度较低。进一步使用Taqman荧光探针实时定量PCR测定了样品中Nitrospira属的多度,实验室装置中Nitrospira属16S rDNA的拷贝数达到3.4×106个/微克基因组DNA,而工业装置的测定值不到实验室装置的1/300。这些试验结果都表明工业装置好氧池微生物群落中缺少适当的硝化菌群是造成其硝化能力低下的重要原因。提高菌群中Nitrosomonas属和Nitrospira属的多度是解决工业装置硝化能力低下的关键。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.