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1.
杨柳  秦春  李刚 《应用生态学报》2021,32(10):3636-3642
树轮气候学是研究过去气候变化的重要手段之一。以往研究表明,树轮密度是生长季温度的重要代用资料。本文建立了祁连山西段青海云杉132~135年的树轮最大密度年表、树轮最小密度年表、树轮晚材平均密度年表和树轮早材平均密度年表,比较了不同密度年表指示的最优气候信号及其季节组合,评估了其作为气候代用资料的潜力与价值。结果表明:树轮晚材平均密度和树轮早材平均密度对于树木生长季气候信号的响应远低于树轮最大密度和树轮最小密度;树轮早材平均密度和树轮最小密度与帕尔默干旱指数有很强的联系,表明树轮早材平均密度和树轮最小密度有成为干旱代用指标的潜力。  相似文献   

2.
近年来逆境导致植物雌雄幼苗的生长出现差异被许多控制实验所证实,而有关气候变化对雌雄异株植物成树生长的潜在影响尚未引起人们广泛的关注。为进一步揭示气候变化对雌雄植株树木径向和密度生长的不同影响,该文通过树轮生态学的研究方法,选择小五台山天然青杨(Populus cathayana)种群为研究对象,对青杨雌雄植株近30年(1982–2011)的树轮生长特性及其与气候的相关性进行了分析。结果显示:1)在近30年当地气温不断升高的气候条件下,雌株的年轮最大密度和晚材平均密度均高于雄株(p0.05),但雌雄植株的径向生长无显著差异;2)雌雄植株年轮最大密度和宽度差值年表的变化趋势具有一致性,但在年轮最大密度差值年表的变化上雄株波动幅度大于雌株;3)青杨雌雄植株年轮密度差值年表对温度响应的月份明显不同。雌株年轮最大密度与当年8月的月平均最高气温显著正相关,而雄株年轮最大密度与当年1月和4月的气温负相关;4)生长季前的气候变化对青杨雌雄植株的径向生长均有明显的限制作用。此外,当年6月的高温对于早材生长的限制作用特别明显。上述结果表明,雌雄异株植物在树木年轮生长方面对全球气候变暖可能具有不同的响应机制,雌株比雄株更侧重于密度生长。  相似文献   

3.
以伊犁南部山区雪岭云杉风倒木为对象,研究了1.3、5、10、15、20 m树高处树轮圆盘样品的最大密度、最小密度、早材平均密度、晚材平均密度4种树轮密度年表,结合当地气象观测资料进行相关分析,研究树干不同高度树轮密度对气候要素的响应特征。结果表明: 同一树高下4种密度参数在整体上表现出较高的相关性,其中10、15、20 m树高相对显著;不同树高处晚材平均密度的一致性相对较好;不同树高处树轮密度对气候要素的响应存在差异,15 m树高处最大密度、晚材平均密度对上年7—9月、当年5—9月平均气温具有较好的响应。因此,在1.3 m处采集雪岭云杉样本存在对气温响应估计偏低的可能。  相似文献   

4.
 树木年轮(简称树轮)气候学是监测与重建全球气候变化的重要方法之一。针叶树树轮的生长能反馈出气温的变化,在高纬度地带尤为明显。该文分析了生长在我国最北部的兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)与樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)的树轮密度和宽度的特性。落叶松最大密度、晚材平均密度、早晚材宽度和轮宽都远高于樟子松。樟子松的所有密度变量的样本方差都明显高于兴安落叶松,宽度变量的样本方差却明显低于兴安落叶松。两树种密度变量的差值年表显著相关,宽度变量之间没有显著相关关系。落叶松与樟子松的晚材密度的形成受7、8月的最高温控制。另外,樟子松的晚材还与生长季节的长短相关。落叶松的年轮宽度对生长季节开始前的温度敏感,而樟子松的轮宽对气候变量没有很好的响应。结果表明,落叶松与樟子松的树轮最大密度都与生长季后期的温度显著相关,两树种的树轮信息对气候变化的重建有很大的潜力。  相似文献   

5.
《植物生态学报》2014,38(3):270
近年来逆境导致植物雌雄幼苗的生长出现差异被许多控制实验所证实, 而有关气候变化对雌雄异株植物成树生长的潜在影响尚未引起人们广泛的关注。为进一步揭示气候变化对雌雄植株树木径向和密度生长的不同影响, 该文通过树轮生态学的研究方法, 选择小五台山天然青杨(Populus cathayana)种群为研究对象, 对青杨雌雄植株近30年(1982-2011)的树轮生长特性及其与气候的相关性进行了分析。结果显示: 1)在近30年当地气温不断升高的气候条件下, 雌株的年轮最大密度和晚材平均密度均高于雄株(p < 0.05), 但雌雄植株的径向生长无显著差异; 2)雌雄植株年轮最大密度和宽度差值年表的变化趋势具有一致性, 但在年轮最大密度差值年表的变化上雄株波动幅度大于雌株; 3)青杨雌雄植株年轮密度差值年表对温度响应的月份明显不同。雌株年轮最大密度与当年8月的月平均最高气温显著正相关, 而雄株年轮最大密度与当年1月和4月的气温负相关; 4)生长季前的气候变化对青杨雌雄植株的径向生长均有明显的限制作用。此外, 当年6月的高温对于早材生长的限制作用特别明显。上述结果表明, 雌雄异株植物在树木年轮生长方面对全球气候变暖可能具有不同的响应机制, 雌株比雄株更侧重于密度生长。  相似文献   

6.
基于青海柴达木盆地东缘山地青海云杉生长上限的树轮样本,在获取树轮宽度数据的同时,获取了细胞特征指标,包括细胞个数和细胞大小,建立了树轮早材、晚材、整轮的细胞个数标准年表和细胞大小的最大值、最小值年表,并通过与附近茶卡气象站过去31年(1970—2000年)逐月降水量和温度的相关分析和响应函数分析,从细胞尺度探讨了青海云杉生长与外界气候要素的关系.结果表明:早材细胞个数与冬半年(上年10月至当年3月)温度之间呈正相关关系;晚材细胞个数除了与11月和12月最低温度呈显著正相关外,还与生长季中7月和8月平均温度呈显著相关关系;早、晚材细胞个数同时与7月的降水量呈显著负相关.早材细胞个数与5月的降水量呈正相关关系.对于早材最大细胞大小的年表来说,其变化与2月的降水量变化有很好的一致性,而晚材最小细胞的大小与8月降水量的变化同步.细胞个数和细胞大小不仅记录了树轮宽度所记录的温度变化信息,还额外记录了一定的降水信息,说明不同的树木生长指标能够记录不同的气候信息.利用同一地点同一树种不同类型的树轮指标,能够提取多种气候要素的变化信息,这对将来从同一样点的树轮资料中提取更丰富的气候信息以及发掘树轮气候学的潜力具有一定意义.  相似文献   

7.
气候变暖背景下杉木年轮密度对气候因子的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探讨杉木年轮密度与气候因子的响应关系,采用树木年轮学方法,以60年生杉木种源林为研究对象,测定杉木整轮密度、早材密度、晚材密度、晚材最大密度和早材最小密度,分析在气候变暖条件下主要气候因子(温度、降水、相对湿度)对杉木年轮密度及其生长的影响。结果表明:杉木不同年轮密度指标均受到温度、降水和相对湿度的显著影响。早材密度与当年夏季最高温度、当年5月降水量,最大密度与当年10月、当年秋季降水量,最小密度与前一年秋季降水量、最小相对湿度呈显著负相关。滑动相关分析表明气候因子在短时间尺度上对杉木生长影响的稳定性有显著影响,其中杉木年轮最大密度与当年10月、秋季的平均相对湿度和最小相对湿度,最小密度与当年2、3月的平均相对湿度和前一年秋季的平均相对湿度、最小相对湿度、降水量的负相关关系最为稳定。杉木年轮最小密度对前一年气候要素的响应存在滞后效应,且晚材密度对当年春季的气候要素响应也存在滞后效应。研究结果对开展亚热带针叶树种年轮生态学和年轮气候学研究具有重要参考价值,建议选择武夷山的天然林获取更长年表用于重建古气候。  相似文献   

8.
基于青海柴达木盆地东缘山地青海云杉生长上限的树轮样本,在获取树轮宽度数据的同时,获取了细胞特征指标,包括细胞个数和细胞大小,建立了树轮早材、晚材、整轮的细胞个数标准年表和细胞大小的最大值、最小值年表,并通过与附近茶卡气象站过去31年(1970—2000年)逐月降水量和温度的相关分析和响应函数分析,从细胞尺度探讨了青海云杉生长与外界气候要素的关系.结果表明:早材细胞个数与冬半年(上年10月至当年3月)温度之间呈正相关关系;晚材细胞个数除了与11月和12月最低温度呈显著正相关外,还与生长季中7月和8月平均温度呈显著相关关系;早、晚材细胞个数同时与7月的降水量呈显著负相关.早材细胞个数与5月的降水量呈正相关关系.对于早材最大细胞大小的年表来说,其变化与2月的降水量变化有很好的一致性,而晚材最小细胞的大小与8月降水量的变化同步.细胞个数和细胞大小不仅记录了树轮宽度所记录的温度变化信息,还额外记录了一定的降水信息,说明不同的树木生长指标能够记录不同的气候信息.利用同一地点同一树种不同类型的树轮指标,能够提取多种气候要素的变化信息,这对将来从同一样点的树轮资料中提取更丰富的气候信息以及发掘树轮气候学的潜力具有一定意义.  相似文献   

9.
西大别山小林海黄山松树轮宽度的气候意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
基于树轮年代学研究方法,在鄂、豫、皖交界的西大别山北坡进行黄山松研究,建立了1915—2011年的树轮宽度标准年表(STD).结果表明: 年表中较高的平均敏感度表明树轮中含有较多的气候变化的高频信息;较高的一阶自相关系数表明树轮生长存在显著的前期生长滞后效应;高信噪比和样本解释总量暗示树轮中含有较多的环境信息.标准年表序列指数与1959—2011年间气象因子的相关分析表明,黄山松树轮宽度生长受生长季末(9—10月)温度、降水量和相对湿度的影响较大;与9—10月帕尔默干旱指数呈显著正相关. 9、10月的水热组合是影响小林海黄山松树轮生长的主要因子.
  相似文献   

10.
利用采自和布克塞尔铁布克山二号沟的西伯利亚落叶松树轮样本,研制出树轮最大密度年表(MXD)和年轮宽度年表(TRW),分析了其年表特征和气候响应特点。结果表明,该样点的落叶松树轮最大密度年表与和布克塞尔气象站5-8月份平均温度和平均最高温度度均具有很好的正相关关系,最高单相关系数为0.660。用铁布克山二号沟的最大密度差值年表序列,可较好地重建和布克塞尔地区1795-2007年来春夏季平均最高温度距平,47 a重建值对实测值的解释方差达43.5%,且方程稳定。重建结果揭示,在和布克赛尔地区,20世纪平均最高温度距平要高于20世纪以前的平均最高温度距平,20世纪前中期平均最高温度距平出现了明显的上升,并且在重建的时段的末期,5-8月份平均最高温度距平表现出上升趋势。  相似文献   

11.
Tree growth is a key ecosystem function supporting climate change mitigation strategies. However climate change may induce feedbacks on radial growth and wood density, affecting the carbon sequestration capacity of forests. Using a mixed modeling technique long-term trends in radial growth, wood density and above-ground biomass, defined as the product of the annual basal area growth with the wood density, of common beech (Fagus sylvatica) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in the Belgian Ardennes, were determined and explained using climate drivers of change. This modeling strategy allowed us to determine if the same conclusions can be drawn when only BAI is considered, as is assumed in most carbon sequestration studies, when looking at long-term trends in carbon sequestration. The models indicate that above-ground biomass increment changes over time are more driven by changes in radial growth than by changes in wood density. Nevertheless, the assumption of constant wood density in most carbon sequestration studies is incorrect. Ignoring wood density results in an underestimation of long-term trends in above-ground biomass increment for beech, and an overestimation of above-ground biomass increment for oak. Interesting is that radial growth is mostly driven by climate variables of the current year, whereas wood density is more driven by the climate variables of the previous year. Beech radial growth and wood density is found to be negatively influenced by drought and positively by water availability. Oak radial growth and wood density is negatively affected by late frost and positively by water availability. The findings of this study suggest that radial growth in combination with wood density should be used in carbon sequestration studies as different climate driven long-term trends in radial growth and wood density are found.  相似文献   

12.
Progress in quantitative wood anatomy has resulted in a growing number of increasingly understood proxies from the tree-ring archive. Much of this work has been based on tree species in the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we present and examine a relatively dense network of wood property chronologies (wood density, tracheid radial diameter, cell wall thickness and ring width) from several species in Tasmania, southern Australia. We ask how the relationships amongst the different types of chronologies differ within and amongst species. We also consider how each chronology responds to monthly climate. In general terms, and similar to findings in the Northern Hemisphere, relationships between the various wood properties and climate are stronger than those between climate and ring width chronologies. An important exception to this is the highest elevation Lagarostrobos franklinii site. Additionally, strongest response to climate for the wood properties generally occurs for the concurrent growing season compared to the prior growing season for ring width. Relationships amongst the various chronology types differ for the various species, with L. franklinii also showing some variation in these relationships by site (possibly associated with elevation). Results suggest there is considerable value in further exploring the potential for developing anatomical wood chronologies for climate reconstruction from other species for which ring widths do not exhibit a strong climate signal.  相似文献   

13.
Bulk wood density measurements are recognized for their utility in ecology, industry, and biomass estimations. In tree-ring research, microdensitometric techniques are widely used, but their ability to determine the correct central tendency has been questioned. Though rarely used, it may be possible to use bulk wood density as a tool to check the accuracy of and even correct microdensitometric measurements. Since measuring bulk wood density in parallel with X-ray densitometry is quickly and easily done, we suspect that its omission is largely due to a lack of awareness of the procedure and/or its importance. In this study, we describe a simple protocol for measuring bulk wood density tailored for tree-ring researchers and demonstrate a few possible applications. To implement real-world examples of the applications, we used a sample of existing X-ray and Blue Intensity (BI) measurements from 127 living and dead Pinus sylvestris trees from northern Sweden to produce new measurements of bulk wood density.We can confirm that the central tendency in this sample material is offset using X-ray densitometry and that the diagnosis and correction of X-ray density is easily done using bulk wood density in linear transfer functions. However, this approach was not suitable for our BI measurements due to heavy discoloration. Nevertheless, we were able to use bulk wood density to diagnose and improve the use of deltaBI (latewood BI – earlywood BI) with regard to its overall trends and multi-centennial variability in a dendroclimatological application. Moreover, we experimented with percent of latewood width, scaled with bulk wood density, as a time- and cost-effective proxy for annual ring density. Although our reconstruction only explains about half of the variation in ring density, it is most likely superior to using fixed literature values of density in allometric equations aimed at biomass estimations.With this study, we hope to raise new awareness regarding the versatility and importance of bulk wood density for dendrochronology by demonstrating its simplicity, relevance, and applicability.  相似文献   

14.
Climate influences tree-ring density and ring-density variables extracted from X-ray images have been widely used for climate reconstructions. The R package xRing was developed to identify and measure tree rings on X-ray microdensity profiles automatically. This package is available for free and it offers functions to visualize and calibrate X-ray images, to detect tree-ring borders and to identify earlywood-latewood transition using wood density variations at the inter- and the intra-ring scale. The most important functions are calibrateFilm, detectRings, correctRings, detectEwLw, and getDensity. Outputs of these functions are S3 objects, for which specific methods are provided, including plot and print. The non-linear relationship between optical density of the film and wood density is defined by the function calibrateFilm. The function detectRings detects tree rings using wood density profiles as input. This function uses the difference between local maximum and minimum values to identify tree-ring borders automatically. The correctRings function is used to call a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to visualize and to correct tree-ring borders manually. After correcting tree-ring borders, the detectEwLw function is used to compute earlywood and latewood widths by dividing rings according to relative intra-ring density changes. The getDensity function computes for each tree ring the minimum (maximum) density and the mean earlywood, latewood and whole-ring density. Finally, a list with dataframes with tree-ring width and density variables can be obtained using the function getRwls. One of the major advantages of xRing package is that requires little knowledge of R language, but at the same time it can be easily changed or adapted by experienced users.  相似文献   

15.
《Dendrochronologia》2014,32(4):295-302
In this study, wood anatomy, tree-ring width and wood density of Pinus sylvestris at the northern timberline in Fennoscandia were used to identify relationships among the parameters and to screen them for their climatic signals. Furthermore we investigated the influence of the juvenile wood section for all parameters developed. The measurements of wood anatomy were conducted with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) while the density profiles were produced using an Itrax MultiScanner. We developed chronologies of ring width, wood density and anatomy for a period between 1940 and 2010. Correlations between wood density and wood anatomy were strong in the latewood part. For some wood anatomy and density chronologies youth trends were found in the juvenile part. Wood density decreased from the pith up to the 9th ring and stabilized afterwards, while cell lumen diameter and lumen area increased simultaneously up to the 15th ring. All chronologies contained strong summer temperature signals. The wood anatomical variables provided additional information about seasonal precipitation which could not be found in wood density and tree-ring widths. Our study confirmed previous results stating that the parameter maximum density contains the strongest climate signal, that is, summer temperatures at the northern timberline. Nevertheless, the intra-annual data on tracheid dimensions showed good potential to supply seasonal climatic information and improve our understanding of climatic effects on tree growth and wood formation.  相似文献   

16.
Within the field of pile-dwelling research in SW Germany, the application of a dendroarchaeological approach to the study of young wood among large timber series has allowed a better understanding of the short-term development of settlement showing high variations of building activity coupled with varying strategies of timber supply and woodland use. This is illustrated by systematic tree-ring investigations at the Neolithic lake-shore site of Hornstaad-Hörnle I, which have demonstrated an occupation of 20 years around 3900 BC. On specific levels of dendrodating and on the basis of heteroconnections, short alternating building phases with specific choice of timber have been found, showing a wave-like development of the settlement. Repeated short-term repairs also give an estimation of the time spans during which the houses were in use. Furthermore, the timber supply seems to have been based principally on coppicing and the defoliation damages caused by the cyclic development of the cockchafer can be detected in the young oak series. Particularly interesting are the alternating building phases with ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) on one side, and oak (Quercus robur L./Quercus petraea [Matt] Liebl.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) on the other side. After an initial building phase with ash wood gained from the azonal vegetation, the strong development of the village was accompanied by the systematic use of timber from an oak and beech mixed stand located in the mesophile deciduous forest. In our interpretation, this alternance seems to be linked with a shifting cultivation system at the beginning of the Neolithic lake-shore site occupation at Lake Constance. Oak and beech building phases correspond to a short period of greater concentration of occupation, probably with increasing agricultural activities whereas the use of ash wood gained from the hydrophilous vegetation belt behind the village, occurred in the phases of installation or dissolution of the community. In comparison, later settlement development in the whole region shows a greater stability in the building activity as well as in the woodland use.  相似文献   

17.
Tree-ring (TR) chronologies are important instruments for the dating and provenance analyses of historical wood, as well as for climate reconstructions. However, radial growth patterns differ between tree species and growing environments. Therefore chronologies are more or less specific for a certain tree species, region and elevation. Chronologies that are restricted to more confined regions could extend the possibilities for dating, dendroprovenancing and regional climate reconstructions.In Southern Germany, the transport of wood by raft – for the supply of towns and cities with timber – has been documented since early mediaeval times. Consequently, not only local timber from the lowlands was used for construction purposes, but also alpine wood originating from sites up to the timberline. Since pronounced altitudinal gradients cause distinct climate differences, elevation-specific chronologies have the potential to improve dating precision in this region.In this contribution, a model is presented and applied in order to separate elevation-specific provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Southern Germany. The model is derived from more than 2100 living TR series originating from sites between 200 and 1710 m above see level. Absolute (mean, maximum) ring-width values and the variation of ring-widths (mean sensitivity) show distinct correlations with their altitudinal provenance, reflecting improvements in growth conditions as well as the increase of their yearly variation from high over intermediate to low elevation sites. Mean ring widths and mean sensitivity values were used as independent parameters in an exponential regression model which exhibits a coefficient of determination (r2) of 77% for spruce and 74% for fir. The prediction accuracy of the elevation amounts ±300 m for spruce and ±200 m for fir within the 95% confidence interval.The model was used to estimate the elevation origin of around 5000 historical spruce and 800 historical fir series from buildings located in Southern Germany. The historical TR series covering the AD 990–1800 period were allocated by the model to elevations between 120 and 2090 m. In a second step the individual TR series were combined to elevation-specific chronologies representing low, intermediate, and high altitudinal belts. The chronologies show distinct differences among the altitudinal belts in terms of signatures and pointer years, especially for spruce. Elevation-specific chronologies are assumed to amplify the dating possibilities of ancient timber, to provide valuable evidences for the origin of historical wood, and to offer more specific proxy data for regional climate reconstructions.  相似文献   

18.
聂文政  李明启 《应用生态学报》2021,32(10):3771-3780
强火山喷发是影响全球气候变化的重要因素。过去几十年,不同学者基于青藏高原地区树木年轮重建了多条气候变化序列,并依据这些序列研究了全球强火山喷发对青藏高原地区气候的影响。结果表明: 探讨强火山喷发对青藏高原气候影响的树轮序列主要分布在青藏高原东部。利用序列对比法和时序叠加法分析发现,中低纬度的强火山喷发对青藏高原地区温度和干湿变化影响显著,并在强火山喷发后的1~2年内出现降温或者发生干旱,而高纬度的强火山喷发影响较小。此外,连续的多次强火山喷发能导致该区出现年代际的冷期。影响强火山喷发气候效应的因素主要包括火山喷发位置、喷发强度、大气环流等。最后结合国内外研究现状,对未来需要开展的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

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