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The Pampa grassland of Argentina is one of the most highly threatened biomes in the world. A high proportion of the original grassland cover has been transformed into land for agriculture or degraded. In the southern part of the region, fragmented semi‐natural grasslands over exposed rock still persist and connectivity between them is assumed to be crucial for maintaining viable populations. We quantified overall connectivity of grassland patches in a sector of the Southern Pampa region, and investigated the degree to which landscape connectivity explains entomophilous plant species assemblages in a subset of patches. We characterized each of the 301 patches in the landscape by their degree of intra‐patch and inter‐patch connectivity based on graph theory, and considering threshold dispersal distances from 100 to 1000 m. We surveyed entomophilous plant species in 39 grassland patches and classified the species in three categories (annual herbs, perennial herbs and shrubs) considering their different growth form and longevity. The influence of connectivity variables on entomophilous plant species assemblages variation was explored using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Although grassland patches were poorly connected at all threshold distances, some of them were found to be critical for global connectivity. Connectivity significantly explained total, annual‐biennial and shrub assemblages for all threshold dispersal distances (6–13% of total variation). Variation in annual species assemblages was associated with intra‐patch and inter‐patch connectivity at short distance (100 m), while variation in shrub species assemblages was explained by intra‐patch and inter‐patch connectivity for distances between 100 m and 1000 m. This study evidenced the low connectivity of the study system, allowed the identification of critical areas for conservation, and provided valuable information to develop management strategies in increasingly human‐dominated landscapes. 相似文献
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Teresa J. Lorenz Jeffrey M. Kozma Patrick G. Cunningham 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(18):9827-9840
The majority of landbird species feed their nestlings arthropods and variation in arthropod populations can impact reproductive outcomes in these species. Arthropod populations in turn are influenced by climate because temperature affects survival and reproduction, and larval development. Thus, climate factors have the potential to influence many bird species during their reproductive phases. In this study, we assessed climate factors that impact the diet of nestling White‐headed Woodpecker (Dryobates albolarvatus), an at‐risk keystone species in much of its range in western North America. To do this, we measured stable isotope signatures (δ13C and δ15N) in 152 nestlings across six years and linked variation in isotopic values to winter (December–February) and spring (June) precipitation and temperature using mixed effects models. We also explored habitat factors that may impact δ13C and δ15N and the relationship between δ15N and nest productivity. Last, we estimated isotopic niche width for nestlings in different watersheds and years using Bayesian standard ellipses, which allowed us to compare dietary niche width and overlap. We found that colder winter temperatures were associated with an increase in δ15N and δ15N levels had a weak positive relationship with nest productivity. We also found that sites with a more diverse tree community were associated with a broader isotopic niche width in nestlings. Our findings suggest that nestling diet is affected by climate, and under future warming climate scenarios, White‐headed Woodpecker nestling diet may shift in favor of lower trophic level prey (prey with lower δ15N levels). The impact of such changes on woodpecker populations merits further study. 相似文献
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研究莽山高山湖泊湿地植物多样性对环境因子的响应分析,不仅有助于深入了解湿地植物对环境变化下的适应策略,同时对保护当地湿地珍稀濒危物种具有重要价值。采用系统聚类分析、典范对应分析(CCA)和Pearson相关性分析等方法,对研究区30个植物群落样方进行分析,研究植物多样性与环境因子(土壤、水)之间的相互关系。研究结果表明:浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物群落可分为蕨状苔草+宽叶泽苔草群丛、雪白睡莲+莼菜群丛、水毛花+宽叶泽苔草群丛、莼菜+宽叶泽苔草群丛等4类。雪白睡莲+莼菜群丛Patrick丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数最低,Simpson多样性指数最高,水毛花+宽叶泽苔草群丛与之相反。浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物多样性与土壤速效钾和水深呈极显著相关性,与水质氨氮呈显著相关性,水深和土壤速效钾是影响湿地植物群落分布格局的主要因子。群落物种多样性指数与环境因子之间存在显著相关性,群落物种丰富度指数随水深增加呈先增后降的趋势,群落物种均匀度指数与水质氨氮浓度之间呈负相关关系。本研究旨在揭示浪畔湖国家重要湿地植物多样性与环境因子之间的生态关系,为保护湿地珍稀物种及维持湿地生态系统稳定提供理论依据。 相似文献
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基于2004年中国冬小麦主产区黄淮海平原典型区内石家庄、衡水和邢台3市45个县(市)83个地面典型样区冬小麦地面实测作物单产数据、光合有效辐射、光合有效辐射分量以及相应的气象和土壤湿度数据,建立了简化的冬小麦光能转化有机物效率系数模型,基于冬小麦关键生育期(3—5月)累积作物生物量并采用地面实测的冬小麦收获指数加以校正,建立了作物生物量与作物经济产量间的定量关系,预测了2004年河北和山东平原区235个县(市)的冬小麦单产,并依据国家公布的2004年各县冬小麦统计单产验证了估产的精度.结果表明:该模型预测的2004年研究区冬小麦单产的均方根误差(RMSE)为238.5 kg·hm-2,平均相对误差为4.28%,达到了大范围估产的精度要求,证明利用以遥感数据估算作物生物量进而预测冬小麦单产的方法是可行的. 相似文献
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New Zealand Demersal Fish Assemblages 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Malcolm P. Francis Rosemary J. Hurst Brian H. McArdle Neil W. Bagley Owen F. Anderson 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2002,65(2):215-234
Demersal fish assemblages in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone were identified using presence–absence data from 19215 bottom trawl tows made over a 37-year period. The dataset spanned latitudes 34–54°S and depths of 4–1500m. A total of 123 taxa occurred in more than 1% of the tows (121 fish and 2 squid). Multivariate ordination and classification (correspondence analysis and Ward's cluster analysis) identified four primary species assemblages that were associated with the inner continental shelf, mid–outer continental shelf and shelf edge, upper continental slope and mid continental slope. The most frequently occurring species (> 40% of tows) in each assemblage were (in descending order): inshore – Chelidonichthys kumu, Pagrus auratus and Zeus faber; shelf – Nototodarus spp., Squalus acanthias and Thyrsites atun; upper slope – Macruronus novaezelandiae, Lepidorhynchus denticulatus, Genypterus blacodes and Hydrolagus sp.; mid slope – Hoplostethus atlanticus, Etmopterus baxteri, Halargyreus johnsonii, Coryphaenoides subserrulatus, Deania calcea, Coryphaenoides serrulatus, Pseudocyttus maculatus, Mora moro, Diastobranchus capensis and Centroscymnus crepidater. Further species associations were also identified within each primary assemblage. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that most of the explainable variation in species composition was associated with depth and latitude; longitude and season explained little extra variance. The usefulness of our results is limited by the use of presence–absence rather than abundance data, and by the uneven spatial distribution of trawl tows. However, the present study provides a large-scale framework within which to interpret the results of studies using abundance data over smaller spatial and temporal scales. 相似文献
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We collected the common fish species in all available aquatic habitats (streams, oxbow lakes, swamps) in bottomlands of McCurtain County, Oklahoma. Abundance and distribution of fishes, and environmental data were analyzed by a multivariate approach and examined for fit to a hierarchical model. The variables maximum depth, substrate, and presence of flow were the most important variables predicting fish community structure. Our multivariate analyses demonstrate that environmental factors can explain much variation in presence and abundance of the common fish species. Kolasa's hierarchical model relates species to each other by comparing ranges. This habitat-based model explained the relationships of our species ranges. 相似文献
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HAI REN QIANMEI ZHANG ZHENGFENG WANG QINFENG GUO † JUNE WANG NAN LIU KAIMING LIANG 《Plant Species Biology》2010,25(1):43-50
The distribution of the rare and endangered perennial herb Primulina tabacum Hance is restricted to eight karst caves in southern China. To conserve P. tabacum and to evaluate possible reintroduction, we studied its historical distribution and conducted field surveys of both its biotic and physical environment. We used detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis to investigate the plant community structure and to identify the major environmental factors associated with its presence at eight sites and absence from three other sites where it formerly grew. The results revealed differences in community structure among sites and close correlations between species composition and environmental conditions. The data indicate that P. tabacum has special ecological requirements, including alkaline soil, low soil content of N, P, K and organic matter, low light, a high soil water content and high relative humidity, and a high atmospheric CO2 concentration. Soil K content, relative humidity and atmospheric CO2 concentration were the three variables most strongly associated with the vegetation composition and structure of the 11 sites. It appears that as a result of reductions in humidity, some of the historical localities of P. tabacum may no longer be suitable for reintroduction. Pilea notata , Pteris cretica var. nervosa and two moss species, Heteroscyphus coalitus and Gymnostomiella longinervis , were strongly associated with P. tabacum . The first two plants could be useful as indicators of suitable environments for P. tabacum , and the moss species could be useful as nurse plants for the reintroduction of P. tabacum into wild habitats. 相似文献
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Mehdi Adjeroud Yves Letourneur Michel Porcher Bernard Salvat 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1998,53(2):169-182
This paper analyses the spatial patterns of fish communities on a narrow fringing reef of Mauritius and identifies some controlling factors. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that the location in the reef ecosystem, the living coral coverage, and the proximity to a dredged area were the major factors controlling the distribution and abundance of fish species. Two distinct communities were observed across the fringing reef, representing a land-ocean gradient. The low diversity of fish species, and also of invertebrates such as corals, molluscs, and echinoderms is probably a consequence of the narrowness of the fringing reef and of anthropogenic impacts, notably the high pollution by nutrients. 相似文献
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瓯江口海域大型底栖动物分布及其与环境的关系 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
对瓯江口及邻近海域大型底栖动物进行了春(2006年5月)、冬(2007年1月)两季的调查,分析了研究区大型底栖动物的季节分布及其与环境的关系.结果表明:共鉴定出大型底栖动物65种,多毛类和软体动物是该海域大型底栖动物的主要类群;春季,小头虫的优势度最高,冬季,红带织纹螺的优势度最高;研究区大型底栖动物的种类分布为河口区<邻近海域、冬季<春季;该区大型底栖动物两季平均生物量和栖息密度分别为19.66 g·m-2和131 ind·m-2,春、冬季的密度差异显著,但生物量差异不显著;春冬两季研究区大型底栖动物的Shannon-Weiner指数差异显著,Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef种类丰富度指数和Simpson优势度指数的差异不显著.春季,温度和浮游植物是影响研究区大型底栖动物类群的主要环境因子,冬季的主要影响因子为总有机碳和溶解氧. 相似文献
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苔藓植物是结构特殊的高等植物,种类数量仅次于被子植物,具有独特的观赏价值,应用前景广阔.为了更好地利用苔藓植物进行园林造景,本研究对南京市主城区10个绿地样点77个样地的苔藓植物进行了调查.结果表明: 共记录苔藓植物21科36属55种,其中丛藓科、羽藓科等苔藓种类在调查区域内分布广泛.苔藓种类丰富度由城中心向周围逐渐降低.根据苔藓植物多样性的聚类分析可将10个绿地样点分为3组,与园林生境、人为干扰频度、面积等因素有关.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,郁闭度、湿度和基质类型是影响苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子.南京市多数苔藓植物喜欢生长在湿度适中、较为开阔的区域. 相似文献
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Yuki Sawai Tamotsu Nagumo Yuichi Namegaya Marco V. Cisternas Marcelo Lagos Masanobu Shishikura 《Phycological Research》2017,65(1):29-37
To reconstruct sea‐level history from changes in tidal environments using diatom assemblages, we need to better understand the relations among brackish diatom assemblages and changing environments along elevational gradients from diverse coastal sites. Our statistical analysis reveals relations between environmental variables and brackish benthic diatom assemblages in the little studied region of south‐central Chile. Along four transects across salt marshes at two sites, we identified 224 diatom taxa in 112 samples. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis showed that tidal exposure time index and salinity were appropriately regressed against the abundance of diatom species using unimodal‐based methods. Our tests of classical and inverse regressions of weighted average and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA‐PLS) showed that WA‐PLS resulted in the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest root‐mean square of the error of prediction. Our regression will be useful in reconstructing environmental variables from fossil diatom assemblages in Chile. 相似文献
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蝗虫与植物间存在复杂的耦合关系,能够反映蝗虫对生境的选择和适应能力以及种群内部的协同关系。2009年6-8月在野外实地采样的基础上,采用DCA除趋势对应分析(Detrended correspondence analysis)和CCA典范对应分析(Canonical correspondence analysis)方法,研究了草地蝗虫种类组成、蝗虫群落分类、优势植物与蝗虫的对应关系。结果表明:研究区的13种蝗虫分为6个类群,不同群组间蝗虫的种类数、食性和栖境选择存在较大差异,同组内的蝗虫在发生时间、生活型和营养生态位上不重叠;蝗虫的多度与优势植物盖度之间表现出极显著相关、显著相关和不相关的复杂关系,植物对蝗虫的影响更多的表现在为蝗虫提供适宜的栖息地而不完全是食物资源,禾本科和菊科植物对蝗虫空间分布的影响最大。蝗虫分布格局受自身的生物学特性和植物群落组成差异的影响,蝗虫与植物群落和优势植物之间的关系,能够为蝗虫灾害发生与防治提供可借鉴依据。 相似文献
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气候变化已对物种分布范围和丰富度产生了极大的影响。荒漠生态系统对气候变化的反应可能更加敏感。作为荒漠生态系统的重要组成者,了解荒漠啮齿动物特别是优势鼠种将对气候变化如何响应,对于荒漠地区生物多样性的维持将具有重要意义。2002—2010年,采用标志重捕法对阿拉善荒漠4种不同生境下啮齿动物优势种群进行了研究,分别利用Spearman相关分析以及典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence analysis,CCA)对啮齿动物优势种群动态与年平均温度和年降水量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,不同啮齿动物优势种对温度和降雨的响应不同,尤其以子午沙鼠表现最为显著。跳鼠对温度的适宜性要高于仓鼠科的子午沙鼠和黑线仓鼠,而仓鼠科啮齿动物对降雨的适宜性高于跳鼠。较小尺度上的人为干扰更可能从改变食性和生境的途径上加剧或缓冲降雨对荒漠啮齿动物优势种的影响,而不是改变温度对啮齿动物的作用。 相似文献