西瓜花粉壁超微结构与花粉ATP酶细胞化学定位

研究了西瓜花粉壁超微结构以及单核花粉液泡化时期ATP酶活性超微细胞化学定位。花粉壁的外壁分为外层和内层,外层包括覆盖层、基粒棒和基足层等三层,内层只包含一层。外层电子密度相对较小,内层电子密度相对较大;外层与内层之间有缝隙。ATP酶活性反应产物主要分布在细胞质基质、质体、内质网和花粉内壁中。     

西瓜花粉壁超微结构与花粉ATP酶细胞化学定位

研究了西瓜花粉壁超微结构以及单核花粉液泡化时期ATP酶活性超微细胞化学定位。花粉壁的外壁分为外层和内层 ,外层包括覆盖层、基粒棒和基足层等三层 ,内层只包含一层。外层电子密度相对较小 ,内层电子密度相对较大 ;外层与内层之间有缝隙。ATP酶活性反应产物主要分布在细胞质基质、质体、内质网和花粉内壁中     

花粉粒外壁成层现象、外壁外层的结构和被子植物的进化

显花植物的花粉粒外壁被认为由外壁外层所覆盖着的外壁内层组成。这是在形态学和个体发育上所规定的解释。外层内层沉积在可能由质膜起源的切向膜上。外壁外层沉积在没有居间膜(可是,这膜有时存在,但不是切向膜)的原外壁中,在成熟状态中,外壁内层可能或不可能保存具片层的,可能或不可能被一薄的清晰区与外壁外层分隔开,可能或不可能在染色性能和溶解度上与外壁外层有所区别。在这一方面,例如番荔枝科(Annonaceae)和肉豆蔻教(Myristicaceae)花粉粒具片层的内部层次被认为是外壁内层的,跟裸子植物和其他被子植物的外壁内层同源。一如蕨类植物孢子外壁[译者注:原文为花粉外壁(exine),应为孢子外壁(exospore)]的内部基本上具片层的区同源,只有在个体发育上能够证明没有切向膜支持着内部的外壁区时才可以认为花粉是缺乏外壁内层。     

‘长林4号’油茶树冠不同部位的果实性状差异

以5年生‘长林4号’油茶为试材,对树体冠层不同部位的油茶果实性状进行研究。结果表明,与树冠内层果实相比,树冠外层中上部的果实较大(29.5 g),籽粒数较多(4.8粒/果),鲜出籽率和果形指数相对较小(分别为46.8%和0.81);树冠外层果实的种仁含油率(41.2%)显著高于内层果实(α=0.05),而树冠外层不同部位的种仁含油率无显著差异;此外,树冠不同部位的果实茶油的脂肪酸组成无明显差异,果实着生部位对茶油品质的影响不大。     

温度对兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖的影响

为了筛选出兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖的最适温度和鳞片层次,解决兰州百合种源不足、繁育周期长的问题,该文以兰州百合鳞片为材料,采用温度(20、25、30℃)和鳞片层次(外层、中层、内层)二因素完全随机区组设计,研究了二因素对兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖效果的影响。通过对鳞片疑似发病率、分化率及小鳞茎分化数进行统计与分析,结果发现不同温度处理及各鳞片层次对鳞片疑似发病率、分化率及小鳞茎分化数的影响存在显著或极显著差异。结果表明:(1)温度越高,鳞片的疑似发病率越低,在埋培2周时,20℃处理下疑似发病率最高(38.67%),30℃处理下最低(10%);各层次鳞片的疑似发病率由高到低依次为外层中层内层。(2)在25、30℃处理下,小鳞茎分化率最高,埋培结束(6周)时分别为91.33%、90.89%;中层及内层鳞片小鳞茎分化率极显著高于外层鳞片。(3) 30℃处理下鳞片形成小鳞茎数最多,在埋培6周时达到每片2.00粒;同时中层及内层鳞片小鳞茎分化数显著高于外层鳞片。综上结果表明,兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖以选用中层(3~4层)、内层(5~7层)鳞片在25~30℃条件下繁殖效果最好。     

华中铁角蕨孢子纹饰形成的超微结构观察

利用透射电子显微镜对铁角蕨科(Aspleniaceae)华中铁角蕨(Asplenium sarelii Hook.)孢子及其纹饰的形成过程进行观察。结果表明:①华中铁角蕨孢子囊发育为薄囊蕨型;②孢子外壁表面光滑,远极面的外壁厚约0.8~1.1μm,近极面的外壁厚约1.4~1.8μm;③孢子周壁厚度约4~5μm,染色较外壁深,分为内层和外层;内层紧帖外壁表面,其上具柱状、瘤状或疣状突起;外层向外隆起形成脊状纹饰的轮廓,脊的下方具空腔,脊的顶端具翅;④铁角蕨型与鳞毛蕨型孢子外壁和周壁纹饰的形成过程具有相似性;⑤孢子的成熟度对于孢子形态的研究是至关重要的,只有完全成熟的孢子的表面纹饰才是稳定的。     

榛属（桦木科）花序及花的形态发生

在扫描电镜下观察了桦木科榛属榛、毛榛和滇榛的花序和花的形态发生过程。榛属雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成;每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化形成2个花原基;每个花原基分化出2个心皮原基,形成二心皮雌蕊;雌蕊基部有2层花被原基,内层花被原基环状,外层花被发生于花原基近轴面和远轴面,近轴面和远轴面的花被不均等分化,外层花被发生早于内层花被。雄花序为柔荑状,由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化出2枚次级苞片和4。6个雄蕊原基,形成4—6枚雄蕊,每个雄蕊具4个药囊,在雄蕊原基分化形成4药囊雄蕊过程中．出现雄蕊原基纵裂。并且花丝纵裂至基部。为进一步全面探讨桦木科属间系统演化关系提供了证据。     

榛属 (桦木科) 花序及花的形态发生

在扫描电镜下观察了桦木科榛属榛、毛榛和滇榛的花序和花的形态发生过程。榛属雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成;每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化形成2个花原基;每个花原基分化出2个心皮原基,形成二心皮雌蕊;雌蕊基部有2层花被原基,内层花被原基环状,外层花被发生于花原基近轴面和远轴面,近轴面和远轴面的花被不均等分化,外层花被发生早于内层花被。雄花序为柔荑状,由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化出2枚次级苞片和4~6个雄蕊原基,形成4~6枚雄蕊,每个雄蕊具4个药囊,在雄蕊原基分化形成4药囊雄蕊过程中,出现雄蕊原基纵裂,并且花丝纵裂至基部。为进一步全面探讨桦木科属间系统演化关系提供了证据。     

水杉花粉外壁超微结构的观察

本文报道水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)花粉外壁透射电镜资料,与杉科各属花粉特征做了比较,根据透射电镜观察表明,水杉花粉外壁由外壁外层和外壁内层组成,外壁外层由昆密联结的颗粒层和分布稀少的乌氏体组成,后者表面具小刺及不明显的纵向小沟,外壁内层具有十分清楚的片层状结构,由10－15片组成,全部片层均具三层壁结构,最外面（靠近外层）的几片,三层型结构特别清楚,明晰。有的三层型结构层中间的白线松散,形成三根极细的白线。     

水杉花粉外壁超微结构的观察

本文报道水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)花粉外壁透射电镜资料,与杉科各属花粉特征做了比较,根据透射电镜观察表明,水杉花粉外壁由外壁外层和外壁内层组成,外壁外层由昆密联结的颗粒层和分布稀少的乌氏体组成,后者表面具小刺及不明显的纵向小沟,外壁内层具有十分清楚的片层状结构,由10－15片组成,全部片层均具三层壁结构,最外面（靠近外层）的几片,三层型结构特别清楚,明晰。有的三层型结构层中间的白线松散,形成三根极细的白线。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.