钙荧光探针Fura2/AM对大肠杆菌细胞的负载行为

Fura2/AM作为一类高效的钙离子荧光探针,在动物细胞中已得到较成功的应用,但在微生物细胞分析方面鲜见报道。该文系统研究了该探针的荧光光谱特征及其在大肠杆菌细胞内的负载行为,并考察了在大肠杆菌细胞中钙离子与Fura2的结合情况。为利用其研究大肠杆菌等微生物细胞内钙离子浓度及钙离子跨膜行为奠定了基础。     

细胞钙离子荧光探针研究进展

钙离子(Ca²⁺)广泛参与细胞生理病理反应,其含量和在胞内位置的改变可激发不同效应。因此,快速有效检测胞内Ca²⁺浓度及其分布对于了解其在细胞活动中的作用具有重要意义。荧光探针法由于灵敏度高、使用方便、成本低廉等优点得到广泛应用,但不同类型的探针在准确性、灵敏度和稳定性等方面各有优劣。本文系统总结了现有的Ca²⁺化学荧光探针和基因编码探针,为开展Ca²⁺相关研究时合理选择检测方法提供参考。     

用Fura-2/AM测定肺炎链球菌粘附A549细胞后胞浆游离钙离子浓度

目的 :通过体外实验 ,研究肺炎链球菌 (Streotococcus pneumoniae,S.pn)是否可触发肺 型上皮细胞 (A5 49)胞浆 [Ca2 +] i 浓度的改变。方法 :用 F ura-2 /AM荧光探针负载 A5 49细胞后测定 S.pn粘附A5 49细胞 3 0、60、90 min的胞内 [Ca2 +] i 浓度。结果 :S.pn粘附 A5 49细胞 3 0、60、90 min后的胞内 [Ca2 +] i均高于对照 [(187.4± 17.3 ) nmol/L ] ,并达到饱和 ,分别为 (4 87.5± 3 8.1)、(5 48.2± 3 5 .6)、(5 5 7.2± 47.5 )nmol/L。结论 :上述结果提示 S.pn粘附 A5 49细胞可增加胞浆内 [Ca2 +] i 浓度     

基于H2DCFDA荧光探针的植物活性氧检测方法

活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)是植物体内的一把“双刃剑”。ROS作为信号分子在植物生命活动中发挥关键作用,但ROS过量积累会对生物大分子造成氧化损伤。准确测定ROS含量对于评估植物细胞内的氧化还原状态至关重要。由于植物体内ROS各组分半衰期短且反应活性强,定性定量检测较为困难。因此,选择合适的检测方法以提高检测的时空准确性非常重要。目前,荧光分析法因其具有灵敏度高、选择性好、检出限低和直观性强等优点,受到研究人员的广泛关注。该文详细描述基于流式细胞仪和激光共聚焦显微镜,利用2′,7′-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酸酯(H2DCFDA)荧光探针检测水稻(Oryzasativa)体内ROS水平和时空分布的操作流程及注意事项。该技术也可用于直接检测拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、玉米(Zea mays)和大豆(Glycine max)等模式植物组织中ROS的水平和分布。     

活细胞的分子探针——绿色荧光蛋白

来自水母的绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）,在不加外源物质的情况下,紫外光激发后,能在原核和玩具核活细胞中发绿色荧光,荧光性质稳定,突变蛋白发光效率提高,激发和发射光谱明显改变。ＧＦＰ是一种十分有用的活细胞分子探针,在基因表达调控,转基因动物研究,蛋白在细胞中功能定位,迁移变化,病原菌侵入活细胞的分子过程等诸多方面均有广泛的用途。     

荧光探针测定人血小板内游离钙浓度及抗钙药物的影响

Quin 2是一种对钙离子敏感的荧光素。它的乙酰化形式Quin2-AM具有亲脂性,可穿过细胞膜进入细胞内,水解后可特异性地与细胞内钙离子结合发出荧光。我们利用Quin 2对人血小板静息状态下及加凝血酶后激动状态下的血小板内钙离子浓度进行了     

肠出血性大肠杆菌(O157：H7)的特异性荧光探针检测方法的建立

目的:建立一种real-time PCR,快速准确检测肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌0157:H7 rfbE为待检靶基因,设计一对引物和一条Taqman探针,探针5’端用FAM基团标记,3’端用TAMRA标记。通过重组质粒的构建,建立并优化了大肠杆菌0157:H7的荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果:在人工污染样本无需富集的情况下,检测的最低DNA浓度是10拷贝/反应(3CFU/mL);特异性检测实验中,0157菌株检测结果均为rfbE阳性,而非0157:H7菌株检测结果均为阴性;重复性实验中,批内、批间变异系数均小于3%。结论:实验结果显示此荧光定量PCR方法特异性、灵敏度高,重复性好,可对分离的可疑大肠杆菌0157:H7菌株进行快速鉴定。     

双链探针实时荧光PCR核酸检测新技术研究*

目的:采用一种“双链探针”实时荧光PCR技术,提高HBV核酸检测灵敏度,并在同一反应管中实现代谢酶CYP2C19^*2基因型检测。方法:采用双链探针与TaqMan探针同时检测不同浓度HBV血清样本,使用上海宏石SLAN 96实时荧光PCR仪进行核酸Ct值检测和结果统计分析;采用双链探针检测代谢酶CYP2C19^*2不同基因型样本,使用上海宏石SLAN 96实时荧光PCR仪进行核酸Ct值检测和基因型确定。结果:不同浓度HBV血清样本检测,双链探针荧光本底低,检测灵敏度更高,与TaqMan探针检测结果相比,两者核酸检测Ct值存在显著性差异(P<0.05);双链探针检测36份样本的代谢酶CYP2C19^*2基因型,检测结果与Sanger测序结果完全一致。结论:双链探针实时荧光PCR检测技术可完成目的基因的高灵敏核酸检测,也可实现基因型分析。     

MGB(Minor Groove Binder)复合探针二重实时定量PCR检测大肠杆菌O157

以大肠杆菌O157rfbE和stx2为待检靶基因,设计两对引物和两条MGB探针,rfbE和stx2探针5′端分别用FAM和VIC基团标记,3′端均用Taqman-MGB标记。建立并优化了检测大肠杆菌O157的二重荧光定量PCR方法,可检测的最低DNA浓度是10拷贝/μL;实验中O157菌株检测结果均为rfbE阳性,而非O157菌株检测结果均为阴性;重复性实验中,批间差异小于80%,批内差异小于70%。实验结果显示此二重荧光定量PCR方法可对分离的可疑大肠杆菌O157菌株进行快速鉴定,同时得知菌株是否携带stx2毒力基因,有利于菌株毒力强弱的判定。     

应用AR—CM—MIC阳离子测定系统检测单个神经元内游离钙

运用Ca~(2 )指示剂Fura-2作为细胞内钙离子的荧光探针,采用精密的AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,检测了分离的单个神经细胞内游离钙离子浓度的动态变化,同时观察了钙离子载体、钙螯合剂等多种药物对细胞内钙浓度的影响,并追踪刺激前后的瞬间变化,探讨此项技术应用于检测细胞内游离钙的灵敏度及适用范围,取得了良好的效果。     

糖皮质激素快速抑制高钾离子诱导嗜铬细胞瘤细胞内游离钙浓度升高 …

本研究应用钙离子特异光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ,使用Ｍｉｒａｃａｌ影像系统检测了糖皮质激素对高钾离子升高嗜铬细胞瘤细胞（ＰＣ１２细胞）内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ＾＋］ｉ）作用的影响。结果表明：（１）皮质酮抑制高钾离子诱导ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ升高与其预处理细胞时间的长短有关,预处理３ｍｉｎ时,皮质酮开始产生抑制作用;预处理５ｍｉｎ时,其呈现的抑制作用最;预处理２５ｍｉｎ时,抑制作用基本消失。（２）     

EGF促进小鼠卵母细胞体外减数分裂启动机制的研究

EGF和孕酮对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂的重新启动具有促进作用,EGF的作用是通过促进颗粒细胞分泌孕酮实现的。使用孕酮合成关键酶3β-HSD的抑制剂Epostane可抑制EGF促进单层培养卵巢颗粒细胞的孕酮合成,从而降低EGF对卵母细胞的促进作用。Ca~(2 )参与了EGF和孕酮的促减数分裂重新启动作用。肝素可降低两者的作用。EGF和孕酮均可使单个卵丘颗粒细胞内的Ca~(2 )水平出现波动,并且EGF使卵丘细胞维持较高的Ca~(2 )水平。     

Designing a new biosensor “DNA ELISA” to detect Escherichia coli using genomic DNA and comparison of this method to PCR-ELISA

In this experiment, DNA-ELISA biosensor was introduced, bearing the ability to detect specific bacteria in about 4?h. This is a more rapid system in comparison to conventional methods, like colony counting method. Moreover, this method does not require any amplification and directly detects genomic DNA of bacteria, giving a lower limit to the sensitivity of 40,000 bacteria. In this study, two specific probes capture (biotin labelled) and detector (dig labelled), were used against special regions of 16s rRNA gene of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The capture probe has the ability to trap the target bacterial DNA from a pool of other kinds of bacteria under specific conditions. The detector probe then was used to hybridize to the genome of trapped bacteria. The detection proceeds by adding HRP-anti dig enzyme and its substrate, ABTS to emit light. Light absorbance is measured for verifying the detection.     

拟南芥花粉细胞质游离钙离子荧光测定法

以拟南芥花粉为材料,利用低温装载法在完整的花粉粒中,成功地载入酯化形式的钙离子荧光探针Fura-2/AM。利用荧光比率分析法对花粉细胞质中游离钙离子的分布特点进行研究并测定了花粉细胞内游离钙离子浓度。结果表明花粉萌发初期细胞质内游离钙离子呈极性分布,萌发沟附近的钙离子浓度明显高于其它部位,萌发孔附近最高,花粉细胞核中最低。花粉粒细胞萌发状态下的[Ca2 ]i=246±38nmol/L,该值与花粉粒细胞萌发状态下游离钙离子浓度用其它方法测得值接近,进一步表明所建立的用Fura-2/AM检测拟南芥花粉粒细胞质游离钙离子的方法是可靠的。     

Aminoglycoside antibiotics induce pH-sensitive activation of the calcium-sensing receptor

The aminoglycoside antibiotic (AGA) neomycin is a known agonist of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR). To test whether other AGA drugs stimulate the CaR, we studied the relative effects of four AGAs on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) using CaR-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. Gentamicin, tobramycin, and neomycin evoked dose-dependent increases in [Ca(2+)](i) with EC(50) values of 258, 177, and 43 microM, respectively, in CaR-transfected, but not in non-transfected cells. Kanamycin was ineffective at doses <1mM. Thus, AGAs stimulate the CaR with a rank order of potency that correlates positively with the number of their attached amino groups. The CaR is expressed on the apical surface of renal proximal tubule cells, which is also the site of AGA endocytosis and nephrotoxicity. In the current study, reducing extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.9, to mimic the luminal pH of the proximal tubule, enhanced the sensitivity of the CaR to tobramycin, suggesting that the AGAs may be more potent CaR agonists in the proximal tubule than elsewhere. This pH effect was not observed when stimulating CaR with the non-ionizable agonist, Gd(3+), suggesting that the enhanced AGA effect is due to increased ionization of the drug. Thus, we show that a number of AGA drugs are capable of CaR activation and that their potency most likely relates to the number of their amino side chains and to their pH-dependent charge characteristics. The contribution of CaR activation to the pharmacological/toxicological effects of these AGAs remains to be determined.     

Impact of microbial diversity on rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in surface waters

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a physiologically, immunologically and genetically diverse collection of strains that pose a serious water-borne threat to human health. Consequently, immunological and PCR assays have been developed for the rapid, sensitive detection of presumptive EHEC. However, the ability of these assays to consistently detect presumptive EHEC while excluding closely related non-EHEC strains has not been documented. We conducted a 30-month monitoring study of a major metropolitan watershed. Surface water samples were analyzed using an immunological assay for E. coli O157 (the predominant strain worldwide) and a multiplex PCR assay for the virulence genes stx(1), stx(2) and eae. The mean frequency of water samples positive for the presence of E. coli O157, stx(1) or stx(2) genes, or the eae gene was 50%, 26% and 96%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of selected enriched water samples indicated that even in samples positive for E. coli O157 cells, stx(1)/stx(2) genes, and the eae gene, the concentrations were rarely comparable. Seventeen E. coli O157 strains were isolated, however, none were EHEC. These data indicate the presence of multiple strains similar to EHEC but less pathogenic. These findings have important ramifications for the rapid detection of presumptive EHEC; namely, that current immunological or PCR assays cannot reliably identify water-borne EHEC strains.     

意大利蜜蜂脑神经细胞钙离子浓度测定方法的研究

本实验试图建立一套蜜蜂脑神经细胞游离钙离子浓度([Ca2+]i)的体外测定方法.采用Fura-2 acetoxy-methyl ester(Fura-2 AM)作为荧光指示剂,对体外培养的意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola脑神经细胞的[Ca2-]i测定方法进行了探索,研究了不同浓度的Fura-2 AM及不同的孵育时间对细胞钙离子测量ratio值的影响.结果测得细胞ratio值随Fura-2AM浓度的增大而降低,孵育时间也会影响ratio值,综合比较得到最佳孵育时间以及最佳染料浓度,并在此基础上制订了一套意大利蜜蜂蜜蜂脑神经细胞钙离子浓度的测定方法,这对进一步建立以蜜蜂神经细胞钙离子浓度变化作为衡量环境有毒物质对蜜蜂的风险研究具有重要意义.