古莲子与现代莲子ABA含量和SOD活性的比较研究

本研究选用种龄为580±70年的古莲子──太子莲,和与之亲缘相近的种龄为8年的现代哈尔滨莲,对比测定其脱落酸的含量及超氧物歧化酶活性,以期探讨距今已有几百年种龄的古莲仍能保持其活力、萌发、开花的现象与这两项生理指标的关系。实验结果表明,两种莲子的皮（果皮和种皮）ABA含量均很高,太子莲和哈尔滨莲分别为4.18 μg/g, 5.69 μg/g。SOD活性在莲子吸胀期和幼苗期两种莲子的子叶中差异不明显,而在胚和幼芽中,太子莲比哈尔滨莲分别高出50%和27%。基于以上结果,说明其胚中具有较强的抗逆性物质,利于保持其生命力。莲皮中高含量的ABA及胚中高活性的SOD有利于莲子的休眠和增强其抗逆性,并保持胚的生命力。     

植物SOD同工酶活性显示的某些干扰

1983年我们介绍了植物SOD同工酶活性显示的方法,这个方法已被国内许多研究者引用,它至今仍是检测植物SOD同工酶用得最多的方法,此法对大多数植物是适用的。近年来,SOD在生命活动中所起的作用越来越受到人们的重视,一些学者争先将SOD的研究引进自己的学科,植物生理学家研究衰老和各种逆境下SOD同工酶的变化,     

小麦对赤霉病抗性不同品种的SOD活性

本研究对９个赤霉病抗性不同小麦品种采用赤霉病菌分生孢子悬浮液以单花针注法进行了田间和温室抗病性鉴定,测定了各品种的胚性愈伤组织和盛花期麦穗分别经赤霉病菌毒素和分生孢子接种前后ＳＯＤ活性的变化。结果表明,各品种ＳＯＤ活性与其对赤霉病抗性呈极显著的正相关,接种后寄主的ＳＯＤ活性均有提高,抗病品种比感病品咱提高幅度大且有新的同工酶带出现。抗病品种望水白比感病品种Ａｌｏｎｄｒａ＂Ｓ＂多出两条ＳＯＤ同工酶谱     

水分胁迫下抗旱树种相对含水量,SOD活性和膜透性的变化

云南干旱地区广泛用作薪炭林的抗旱树种香须（Albiziaocloratissima）、粉花山扁豆（Cassianodosa）、刺槐（Robiniapseudoacacia）和新银合欢（Leucaenaleucocephala）的种子,用温水浸泡催芽萌发后,浅埋于用完全培养液（华东师范大学植物生理教研组主编．植物生理学实验指导．人民教育出版社,1980．54）湿润的蛙石中,平恒温（25±1℃）培养,每天照光（40001X）／黑暗为10／14h。长出功能叶片后,将幼苗用完全培养液配制成浓度分别为O／、5／、Ic％、15％的聚乙H醇（PEG6000）在暗中作渗透胁迫（12h）处理（每种处理3个重复）．再…     

酸雨和SO2作用下SOD酶活性与菠菜叶片损伤相关性的研究

1 引言 许多研究证实,植物抗盐、涝、干旱、抗衰老、抗SO_2、O_4和PAN的污染与SOD酶活性有关,最近的研究指出,植物细胞特别是叶绿体和线粒体中能产生超氧自由基(°O_2和°OH),并通过膜脂过氧化作用和     

超氧物歧化酶（SOD）与柳树分布相关性的研究

在研究红松苗越冬伤害原因时,发现超氧物歧化酶(SOD),在防止针叶越冬伤害中起着重要作用。75%术条遮荫,可安全越冬的红松苗针叶,早春仍保持较强的活性,脂质过氧化产物积累较少。而暴露于全光下,则终于发生不可逆伤害,红松苗针叶SOD活性低而脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛)积累较多。并且暴露在全光下不出现伤害的红松大树针叶,酶活性也高于幼苗。此外,关于SOD对植物在低温、干旱、日灼、臭氧、大气污染(SO_2)等逆境中的抗性作用,也已有不少报道。日本学者曾     

莲子超氧物歧化酶的特性分析

比较了莲子、豇豆、绿豆、玉米、花生、菜心等6种植物种子的胚或胚轴超氧物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和热稳定性,其中莲子胚轴中SOD活性及耐热性最高。莲子胚轴粗提液中的SOD有Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD两种类型,而Fe-SOD耐高温。经100℃处理、硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素柱层析,获得纯化的耐热性强的超氧物歧化酶。纯化酶对KCN不敏感,活性受H     

A novel anti-oxidant and anti-cancer strategy: a peptoid anti-inflammatory drug conjugate with SOD mimic activity

Activation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by redox-active metal ions has been proposed to contribute to oxidative damage in inflamed tissues. Here, we report a dual-function anti-oxidant conjugate comprising an anti-inflammatory agent (5-aminosalicylic acid) and a chelator with potential as a superoxide dismutase mimic. The conjugate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid bis-(5-aminosalicylic acid methyl ester) [EBAME] chelates Cu(II) ions in a 1:1 ratio, as assessed spectrophotometrically using Job's method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined for the Mn(II)-conjugate as 0.758+/-0.130 U at a concentration of 0.99 microM. In inflamed tissues, peptidase mediated release of active 5-ASA would also release the EDTA chelator which has significant SOD mimic activity when complexed to Cu(II) ions. Thus, EBAME has potential as a dual-function anti-inflammatory agent with reduced gastric irritability.     

莲种子的耐热性及抗氧化酶活性

莲种子具有抗超高温的能力,在100℃保温24 h仍然保持100% 的发芽率,萌发后能长出外观正常的幼苗,但种子活力则较大幅度的下降.莲子在 110℃下保温24 h后还保持40%的发芽率,但萌发时由于子叶腐烂而不能成苗.莲种子发育过程中,胚轴超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性不断升高;胚轴过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在20 DAP达到最高,随后下降;胚轴中抗坏血酸从发育初期直至完全成熟期持续积累,直到完全成熟期.胚轴酶提取液经100℃煮5 min后,CAT和POD的活性全部丧失,而SOD活性仍很高,经100℃煮60 min后SOD原有活性只丧失1/3.     

Mutant SOD1 linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,but not wild-type SOD1, induces ER stress in COS7 cells and transgenic mice

Mutations in a Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause motor neuron death in human familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) and its mouse model, suggesting that mutant SOD1 has a toxic effect on motor neurons. However, the question of how the toxic function is gained has not been answered. Here, we report that the mutant SOD1s linked to FALS, but not wild-type SOD1, aggregated in association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induced ER stress in the cDNA-transfected COS7 cells. These cells showed an aberrant intracellular localization of mitochondria and microtubules, which might lead to a functional disturbance of the cells. Motor neurons of the spinal cord in transgenic mice with a FALS-linked mutant SOD1 also showed a marked increase of GRP78/BiP, an ER-resident chaperone, just before the onset of motor symptoms. These data suggest that ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of FALS with an SOD1 mutation.     

ABA treatment increases both the desiccation tolerance of photosynthesis,and nonphotochemical quenching in the moss Atrichum undulatum

Pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence was used to investigate whether abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment increases the desiccation tolerance of photosynthesis in the moss Atrichum undulatum. In unstressed plants, ABA pretreatment decreased the F _V/F _m ratio, largely as a result of an increase in F _o. This indicated a reduction in energy transfer between LHCII and PSII, possibly hardening the moss to subsequent stress by reducing the production of the reactive oxygen species near PSII. During desiccation, F ₀, F _m, F _v/F _m, PSII, and NPQ and F ₀ quenching declined in ABA-treated and nontreated mosses. However, during rehydration, F ₀, F _m, F _v/F _m, and PSII recovered faster in ABA-treated plants, suggesting that ABA improved the tolerance of photosystem II to desiccation. NPQ increased upon rehydration in mosses from both treatments, but much more rapidly in ABA-treated plants; during the first hour of rehydration, NPQ was two-fold greater in plants treated with ABA. F ₀quenching followed a similar pattern, indicating that ABA treatment stimulated zeaxanthin-based quenching. The implications of these results for the mechanisms of ABA-induced desiccation tolerance in A. undulatum are discussed.     

Comparative Studies on a Superoxide Dismutase Exhibiting Enzymatic Activity with Iron and Manganese as Active Cofactor

The SOD of Propionibacterium freudenreichii, ssp. shermanii belongs to a new group of SOD'S capable of retaining activity with either Fe or Mn as active metal cofactor.

Both enzymes exhibit identical secondary structure and immunological determinants. Hydrogen peroxide irreversibly inhibits both enzymes. The protein moiety of the Fe-and Mn-SOD could be digested with trypsin to a single active fragment.     

ABA effects on ethylene production, PAL activity, anthocyanin and phenolic contents of strawberry fruit

Effects of exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) on ethyleneproduction rate, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, andanthocyanin and phenolic concentrations in harvested strawberry cv. Everestfruit were evaluated. Colouration and firmness were also assessed on fruit held for 3days at 20 °C. ABA treatment accelerated fruit colour andsoftening. Treatment with 10^–5 or 10^–4 mol ABAl^–1 stimulated ethylene production. Anthocyanin and phenoliccontents and PAL activity increased during storage, but more rapidly in ABAtreated fruit. As a result, red colour development was accelerated. EndogenousABA may play a role in strawberry fruit colour development during ripeningthrough up-regulation of ethylene production and PAL activity.     

多氯联苯对剑尾鱼超氧化物岐化酶活性的影响

目的　研究多氯联苯 (PCBs)暴露对剑尾鱼 (Xiphophorushelleri)超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的影响 ,探讨剑尾鱼器官组织内SOD活性变化作为环境风险评价 (ERA)的有效生物学标记的可行性。方法　测定了PCBs对剑尾鱼 30d的半致死浓度 (LC50 ) ;使用浸浴法以 0、2、5 0 μg L三个PCBs浓度为剑尾鱼染毒 ,定量测定了 72h内肝、鳃及卵巢组织中的SOD的活性变化。结果　PCBs对剑尾鱼的 30dLC50 为 1 0 5 80 μg L ;PCBs对剑尾鱼肝脏和卵巢的SOD活性有明显 (P <0 0 1 )的影响。在最初染毒的 1 2h内 ,SOD活性略有上升 ,但随暴露时间延长 ,浓度增加 ,肝和卵巢的SOD活性均呈下降趋势。此外 ,结果还显示肝组织的SOD活性较高于卵巢的SOD活性 ,表明不同器官组织的SOD活性对PCBs胁迫的敏感性存在一定的差异。实验中鳃组织SOD活性在PCBs暴露后其变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　表明剑尾鱼肝细胞SOD活性可作为环境风险评价 (ERA)的有效生物学标记     

Tissue-specific regulation of rice molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene in response to salt stress and ABA

Molybdenum-containing aldehyde oxidase is a key enzyme for catalyzing the final step of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in plants. Sulfuration of the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) is an essential step for activating aldehyde oxidase. The molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MCSU) that transfers the sulfur ligand to aldehyde oxidase-bound MoCo is thus considered an important factor in regulating the ABA levels in plant tissues. In this study, we identified the rice MCSU cDNA (OsMCSU), which is the first MCSU gene cloned in monocot species. According to the functional domain analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence, the OsMCSU protein contains a Nifs domain at its N-terminus and a MOSC domain at the C-terminus. Expression of the OsMCSU gene was up-regulated by salt stress in root tissues of rice seedlings, but this effect was not observed in leaf tissues. In roots, regulations of OsMCSU expressions could be mediated by both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways under salt stress condition.