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1.
Golden rice     
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2.
Rice tungro disease (RTD), caused by the co-infection of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and rice tungro spherical virus, is one of the most important viral diseases of rice in South and Southeast Asia. The disease remains one of the major threats to sustainable rice production in many countries. The lack of resistance genes to RTBV—the causal agent of tungro disease—makes it even more difficult to manage RTD. In this review, we summarize previous and current research efforts to genetically engineer rice in order to increase the crop’s resistance to tungro disease, including the use of pathogen-derived resistance and of host genes that confer RTD resistance and/or that restrict feeding by the insect vector. The prospects of developing rice cultivars with durable resistance to RTD are also discussed.  相似文献   

3.
辽宁地区水稻资源抗稻瘟病基因的检测分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了明确辽宁地区水稻资源中抗稻瘟病基因的分布情况及抗病效应,选取辽宁地区水稻资源176份,鉴定了抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pi36、Pi37、Pita、Pid2、Pid3、Pi5及Pib在这些材料中的分布情况,并接种鉴定了这些材料对稻瘟病的抗性。结果表明:176份供试材料中,83份对稻瘟病表现抗病,栽培稻、杂草稻及农家种中抗病品种所占的比率分别为41.48%、1.14%及4.54%。抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pi36和Pi37在所有参试材料中均未检测到,且分别有74份、49份、47份、52份及89份材料携带Pita、Pid2、Pid3、Pi5及Pib的抗病等位基因。抗病基因绝大部分分布在栽培种中,农家种和杂草稻中分布较少。不含有抗稻瘟病基因和只携带单个抗病基因的材料对稻瘟病的抗性均较差,而抗病基因聚合可不同程度提高材料的抗性。经检测,不含有本试验鉴定的pi21等8个已克隆抗病基因的材料共32份,其中表现抗病的占21.87%;只携带1个抗稻瘟病基因的材料为52份,表现抗病的占17.31%;携带2个抗稻瘟病基因的材料为39份,表现抗病的占69.23%,其中以携带Pita+Pi5的材料最多(14份),且均表现抗病;携带3个抗稻瘟病基因的材料为31份,表现抗病的占77.42%,以携带Pita+Pid3+Pi5的材料抗性最强;携带4个抗稻瘟病基因的水稻材料22份,表现抗病的占72.73%,携带5个抗病基因的水稻材料未检测到。  相似文献   

4.
Rice biotechnology has made rapid advances since the first transgenic rice plants were produced 15 years ago. Over the past decade, this progress has resulted in the development of high frequency, routine and reproducible genetic transformation protocols for rice. This technology has been applied to produce rice plants that withstand several abiotic stresses, as well as to gain tolerance against various pests and diseases. In addition, quality improving and increased nutritional value traits have also been introduced into rice. Most of these gains were not possible through conventional breeding technologies. Transgenic rice system has been used to understand the process of transformation itself, the integration pattern of transgene as well as to modulate gene expression. Field trials of transgenic rice, especially insect-resistant rice, have recently been performed and several other studies that are prerequisite for safe release of transgenic crops have been initiated. New molecular improvisations such as inducible expression of transgene and selectable marker-free technology will help in producing superior transgenic product. It is also a step towards alleviating public concerns relating to issues of transgenic technology and to gain regulatory approval. Knowledge gained from rice can also be applied to improve other cereals. The completion of the rice genome sequencing together with a rich collection of full-length cDNA resources has opened up a plethora of opportunities, paving the way to integrate data from the large-scale projects to solve specific biological problems.  相似文献   

5.
田埂留草控制稻飞虱效果及对捕食性天敌多样性影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探讨稻田田埂保留杂草控制稻飞虱的效果及对捕食性天敌多样性的影响,以稻田田埂周年性保留杂草为处理,以稻田田埂不保留杂草为对照,对处理区和对照区稻田稻飞虱成若虫、捕食性天敌种类和数量进行系统调查和分析。结果表明,在调查期内(6—10月),田埂留草稻田百丛稻株稻飞虱数量为(891.11±133.12)头,较非留草稻田减少35.31%;田埂留草稻田捕食性天敌隶属5目23科35种,而田埂非留草稻田隶属5目21科33种;田埂非留草稻田捕食性天敌优势种为食虫沟瘤蛛Ummeliata insecticepsBoes.etStr.、拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus Boes.etStr.和黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorrhinus livdipennis Reuter,而田埂留草后优势种为食虫沟瘤蛛U.insecticeps、草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum(Sundevall)、拟水狼蛛和拟环纹狼蛛Lycosa pseudoamulata(Bose.etStr.);田埂留草稻田捕食性天敌的个体数量、丰富度、多样性指数分别为(128.89±13.52)、(33.67±0.50)、(4.53±0.04)头/百丛,较田埂非留草稻田分别增加31.96%、25.73%、5.59%,而优势度指数和均匀性指数没有显著变化。研究结果为发展稻田景观多样化控害提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
Identification of rice genes induced in a rice blast-resistant mutant   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
To clarify mechanisms of rice blast resistance in rice plants we used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to isolate genes induced upon rice blast inoculation in a rice blast-resistant mutant. A total of 26 rice cDNAs were isolated and found to have elevated expression upon rice blast infection in a rice blast-resistant derivative, SHM-11, of the rice cultivar, Sanghaehyanghyella. Sequencing of the cDNAs revealed that many of the proteins they encoded had been previously described as involved in plant responses against pathogen attack. Two interesting groups of the defense-related proteins consisted of three different PR5 homologues and four different protease inhibitors, all highly expressed in the rice blast mutant. Genes encoding proteins involved in signal transduction and regulation were also identified, including translation initiation factor eIF5A, C2 domain DNA binding protein, putative rice EDS and putative receptor like kinase. Most of the identified cDNAs were highly expressed 24 h after blast inoculation. Our results suggest that a pathway regulating defense gene expression may be altered in the mutant, resulting in early induction of the defense genes upon fungal infection.  相似文献   

7.
唐诚业  秦琴  颜正飞  吴敬 《微生物学报》2021,61(5):1200-1210
【目的】旨在分离、筛选并鉴定具有大米蛋白降解作用的菌株及其关键蛋白酶,为高效制备大米寡肽提供制备酶及最优制备条件。【方法】以"水解圈"为评价指标,从粮食仓库附近土壤筛选获得具有降解大米蛋白能力的菌株;通过16S rRNA序列分析确定菌株归属;利用单因素实验获得最佳氮源并初步分析酶学性质;利用HPLC检测寡肽得率,并对制备条件进一步优化。【结果】经鉴定具有大米蛋白降解作用的菌株为沙雷氏菌(Serratia sp. JWG-D15),以大米蛋白为氮源培养菌株JWG-D15,蛋白酶So PRO产量最高,其最适温度40℃,最适pH 8.0;在加酶量20 U/mg,大米蛋白浓度40 mg/mL,40℃,4 h条件下寡肽得率最高72.38%。【结论】以大米蛋白为氮源培养菌株JWG-D15,蛋白酶So PRO产量最高;蛋白酶So PRO制得的大米寡肽,其得率是目前行业最高。本研究既丰富了大米寡肽的制备用酶的种类,又为深入大米寡肽产业化提供一定理论基础。  相似文献   

8.
Ding  Huina  Jiang  Yang  Cao  Cougui 《Plant and Soil》2021,466(1-2):337-356
Plant and Soil - Phosphorus (P) mobility depends on the availability of water in soil, both of which are limited resources for crop production. We studied the mechanisms governing tolerance to...  相似文献   

9.
水稻品种条纹叶枯病抗性的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
水稻条纹叶枯病是当前粳稻主产区危害最严重的病害之一,而品种抗病性的利用则被公认为是病害综合防治的根本策略.本文从抗性鉴定方法、抗性资源筛选和发掘、抗性遗传规律及抗病基因定位和抗性品种选育与抗性转基因工程4个方面,对水稻品种条纹叶枯病抗性的研究进展进行了简要综述,以期为水稻抗条纹叶枯病的育种提供参考.同时对水稻品种条纹叶枯病抗性研究的现存问题与今后的研究方向进行了讨论.  相似文献   

10.
Summary The nitrogen supplying power of rice straw for flooded rice production was studied in three field experiments. The net nitrogen immobilization was observed to be 0.54 per cent of the original dry weight of the straw as determined by grain yield responses over single growing seasons. Straws with higher nitrogen concentrations increased grain yield on nitrogen deficient soil, and straws with lower nitrogen concentrations depressed yield.Supplemental nitrogen applied in either urea or vetch resulted in yield increases in the presence of both high and low nitrogen straws. No significant immobilization of supplemental nitrogen was found to result from straw applications.The net nitrogen immobilization percentage obtained in these experiments is approximately one-third the average of values obtained by other workers. We infer that the anaerobic environment of the flooded rice field and its associated bacterial microflora are the cause for the lesser nitrogen requirement for the field decomposition of rice crop residues.  相似文献   

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