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1.
家蚕组织蛋白酶D基因的克隆、序列分析及其表达谱研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
组织蛋白酶D (cathepsin D,CtD)是溶酶体内天冬氨酸内切蛋白酶,参与机体多种生理病理过程,尤其在昆虫的发育变态过程中起着重要作用。利用NCBI上登录的组织蛋白酶D基因核酸序列和家蚕Bombyx mori表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags, EST)数据库,进行电子克隆获得家蚕组织蛋白酶D (BmCtD) 基因的全长cDNA (DQ010007)。该cDNA大小为1 543 bp,其中ORF长1 152 bp,同源性分析表明BmCtD与其他物种的CtD具有较高的相似性。BmCtD的mRNA存在选择性拼接,另外一种mRNA形式命名为BmCtDⅠ。RT-PCR实验表明该基因在本实验所调查的家蚕不同发育时期和组织中都有表达。  相似文献   

2.
为探索细菌表达目标基因dsRNA介导的RNAi技术是否在家蚕Bombyx mori可行, 本研究引入了在其他物种中广泛应用的细菌表达dsRNA的RNAi系统: HT115细菌株和L4440质粒。利用L4440载体两端含有T7启动子的特点, 设计并构建了针对家蚕核受体FTZ-F1基因的RNA干扰(RNA interference)载体, 将构建好的质粒转入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli HT115, 在IPTG诱导下成功获得目标基因对应双链RNA(dsRNA)。 结果显示: 通过对5龄第7天家蚕幼虫注射IPTG诱导后提取的FTZ F1基因对应的dsRNA 25 μg, 85%的蛹变态发育过程明显延迟, 不能实现幼虫到蛹的形态完全转变。荧光定量PCR分析显示目标基因的表达得到了特异的抑制。实验结果初步表明, 通过细菌表达目标基因dsRNA介导的RNAi策略, 以其经济、高效的特点, 具有广泛应用于家蚕基因功能研究中的潜力。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】Sox家族是一类转录调控因子,在多细胞动物的发育过程中起到了极其重要的作用。本研究旨在获得家蚕Bombyx mori Sox家族基因,并分析其在幼虫不同组织和发育阶段的表达模式及功能。【方法】采用cDNA末端快速扩增方法(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)克隆家蚕Sox家族基因,并对其序列进行生物信息学分析。构建原核表达载体,诱导原核表达并得到其蛋白的多克隆抗体,并以Western blot验证其蛋白在家蚕胚胎发育时期(产卵后24,48,72,96,120,144,168,192和216 h)和蚁蚕的表达特征。同时,使用半定量RT-PCR技术分析这一基因在家蚕整个发育过程以及5龄第3天幼虫不同组织(精巢、卵巢、神经节、头部、丝腺、脂肪体、马氏管、中肠、后肠、表皮、血液、气管)中的表达谱。【结果】克隆获得一个家蚕Sox家族基因,将其命名为BmDichaete(Gen Bank登录号:KY914554),其cDNA序列全长为1 541 bp,开放阅读框长741 bp,编码246个氨基酸,预测分子量大小为27.3 kD,等电点为9.89。同源序列比对和系统进化分析显示,BmDichaete具有Sox家族的典型HMG结构域,并与其他鳞翅目昆虫的Dichaete蛋白具有较高的同源性。对其表达模式分析发现,BmDichaete在家蚕整个发育时期都有表达,从胚胎发育后期到蛹前期持续高表达,在蛹后期及成虫期表达量有所下降,并且该基因在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫的卵巢、头部、丝腺及后肠组织中显著高表达。Western blot分析结果显示,BmDichaete在家蚕胚胎发育过程中持续而稳定地表达。【结论】家蚕BmDichaete具有典型HMG结构域,属于Sox家族成员。BmDichaete在家蚕胚胎发育的各个时期都发挥作用。本研究为进一步探索该基因在家蚕中的功能奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
家蚕酪氨酸羟化酶基因BmTh的表达及功能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
酪氨酸羟化酶作为儿茶酚胺合成的限速酶, 广泛存在于昆虫、哺乳动物和人类中, 是其新陈代谢不可缺少的酶类。在其他昆虫中, 酪氨酸羟化酶参与了黑色素的合成, 并在昆虫外骨骼的硬化过程中发挥关键作用。为了研究家蚕Bombyx mori酪氨酸羟化酶基因的生理生化功能, 本文对其基因结构、表达特征及功能进行了研究。基于家蚕基因组和基因芯片数据的生物信息学分析表明, BmTh位于家蚕1号染色体上, 含有8个外显子, 编码561个氨基酸。基因芯片数据显示在家蚕5龄第3天的头部和体壁组织中的表达量较高, RT-PCR验证结果与此一致。利用石蜡组织切片材料和RNA探针对BmTh进行表达定位, 原位杂交结果显示在家蚕头部边缘和体壁上有明显的杂交信号。在幼虫发育至熟蚕时注射酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂3-indole-L-tyrosine (3-IT), 20 mmol/L的浓度对幼虫几乎没有影响, 50 mmol/L的浓度导致幼虫变态不完全和化蛹困难, 100 mmol/L的浓度使幼虫致死且体色变黑。结果提示, BmTh对家蚕变态发育起重要作用, 是家蚕正常发育不可缺少的关键基因。  相似文献   

5.
沈关望  胡诗圆  王勇  吴金鑫  林英  夏庆友 《昆虫学报》2015,58(12):1278-1284
【目的】黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster雌激素相关受体(estrogen-related receptor,ERR)通过调节糖酵解过程进而控制果蝇的能量代谢。本研究在克隆家蚕Bombyx mori ERR基因(Bm ERR)的基础上,对其分子特性和系统演化进行生物信息学分析,并检测该基因在家蚕生殖腺中的表达,为进一步研究ERR功能奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR技术克隆Bm ERR基因的全长c DNA序列,进行生物信息学分析;利用半定量RT-PCR检测该基因在停食后家蚕幼虫生殖腺中的表达情况。【结果】Bm ERR基因全长c DNA序列为1 296 bp,编码431个氨基酸残基;具有ERR蛋白家族典型的结构特征;系统进化分析显示Bm ERR与其他昆虫ERR氨基酸序列一致性较高;半定量RT-PCR检测表明,Bm ERR在家蚕上簇到化蛾期间的精巢和卵巢中均有表达,表达具有时期特异性,化蛹第1天达到表达高峰。【结论】本研究首次从鳞翅目昆虫中克隆获得ERR c DNA序列。ERR基因在家蚕生殖腺中表达量无明显性别差异,但具有发育时期特异性。  相似文献   

6.
为克隆家蚕Bombyx mori Piwi亚家族蛋白基因cDNA全长序列,分析其分子特征和表达模式,探究Piwi亚家族蛋白在家蚕中的生理功能,本研究利用已知物种的Piwi亚家族蛋白搜索家蚕基因组,预测获得家蚕Piwi亚家族蛋白基因siwi1和siwi2,采用RACE技术克隆siwi1和siwi2的全长cDNA序列,利用ORFfinder、Gene-Explorer、InterPro等分析其分子特征;其次,利用已知的所有物种Piwi蛋白及其类似物Piwil构建系统发育树;最后,通过荧光定量PCR技术检测了siwi1和siwi2在丝腺、马氏管、中肠、头部、卵巢和精巢以及不同发育时期(卵、1~5龄幼虫、蛹、成虫)的表达水平,结果显示,克隆获得了siwi1 cDNA全长3 277 bp,包含部分5′UTR、完整的开放阅读框ORF和3′UTR,获得了siwi2的部分序列,其中siwi1对应BmPiwi,siwi2对应BmAgo3。系统发育结果显示,家蚕Piwi亚家族蛋白与乳草长蝽Oncopeltus fasciatus、黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis、优雅蝈螽Gampsocleis gratiosa、斯氏按蚊Anopheles stephensi、褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的PIWI蛋白以及东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria的PIWI2和PIWI3蛋白亲缘关系最近,和三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus的PIWI2和PIWI3同为一支。家蚕AGO3蛋白与小菜蛾Plutella xylostella的AGO3亲缘关系最近,与西方玉米根虫Diabrotica virgifera virgifera、白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis的AGO3及东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria的PIWI1同属一支,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的AGO3同属一总支。组织表达结果表明BmPiwi在精巢表达水平显著高于其他组织,其次是卵巢及头部,而BmAgo3在头部表达水平显著高于其他组织。BmPiwi和BmAgo3在卵期表达量最高,但在初孵幼虫中表达量迅速下降,并在整个幼虫时期都维持低表达状态,直至蛹期开始表达量出现大幅回升,并维持高水平表达至成虫期。本研究发现BmPiwi和BmAgo3在家蚕中的表达具有明显的时空特异性,在生殖组织以及需要进行大量细胞活动的时期,家蚕Piwi亚家族蛋白基因的表达均发生了明显的变化,为进一步探测家蚕Piwi亚家族的生理功能提供了研究方向和理论基础。  相似文献   

7.
斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura是一种世界性分布的重要农业害虫, 在生长发育过程中要经历幼虫 蛹的变态发育过程。由于变态发育前后昆虫的食性发生了明显的改变, 作为食物消化吸收的中肠也发生了解体和重建。与此相适应, 昆虫中肠的各种物质和能量代谢也可能会相应地发生改变。为研究斜纹夜蛾中肠变态发育过程中糖代谢途径的变化情况, 我们从斜纹夜蛾中肠EST文库中鉴定出了12个糖代谢相关基因, 克隆了其中3个基因的全长cDNA, 并应用半定量PCR和定量PCR的方法检测了其在幼虫 蛹变态发育期中肠组织的转录表达以及对激素和饥饿等因素的响应情况。结果表明: 这3个基因(α-L-岩藻糖苷酶、 N-乙酰葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸去乙酰酶和烯醇化酶基因)的开放阅读框分别为1 461, 1 200和1 299 bp, 预测的分子量分别为56.3, 43.3和46.7 kDa。这12个糖代谢相关的基因在变态发育期的中肠组织中具有5种不同的mRNA表达模式: (Ⅰ)只在幼虫期高表达(唾液麦芽糖酶前体蛋白、 糖基水解酶31家族成员蛋白、 线粒体乙醛脱氢酶、 β-1,3 葡聚糖酶基因); (Ⅱ)只在预蛹期高表达(β-葡萄糖醛酸酶、 β-N-酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶3基因); (Ⅲ)只在蛹期高表达(葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸异构酶基因); (Ⅳ)在预蛹期和蛹期高表达(α-葡萄糖苷酶、 α-淀粉酶、 N-乙酰葡糖胺 6 磷酸脱乙酰酶和α-L-岩藻糖苷酶基因); (Ⅴ)在变态发育期恒定表达(烯醇化酶基因)。这说明, 为适应变态发育斜纹夜蛾中肠糖代谢途径发生了明显的改变。保幼激素对这些基因的表达没有明显的影响, 但蜕皮激素对Ⅰ类基因(如糖基水解酶31家族成员蛋白基因)具有一定的抑制作用, 对Ⅲ类基因(如葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸异构酶基因)有显著的上调作用。此外, 我们还发现饥饿对几乎所有这些基因的表达都有显著的抑制作用。这些结果说明, 昆虫中肠变态发育过程中糖代谢相关基因的动态变化可能受到蜕皮激素以及饥饿相关因素的共同调控。这一研究对从代谢角度揭示昆虫变态发育的分子机理具有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
昆虫几丁质酶参与昆虫蜕皮、消化、防御及免疫等多种生理过程,在昆虫的变态和发育中发挥着重要作用。本研究采用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)技术克隆获得小菜蛾Plutella xylostella几丁质酶基因,命名为PxyChi。该基因开放阅读框长1677 bp,编码558个氨基酸,推测的蛋白分子量为62.03 kDa。氨基酸序列分析表明,小菜蛾几丁质酶第1-19位氨基酸为蛋白的信号肽,且该序列具有典型昆虫几丁质酶的4个保守氨基酸序列。蛋白结构域分析表明,PxyChi属于几丁质酶Group II家族。进化树分析表明:PxyChi与同属鳞翅目二化螟Chilo suppressalis的几丁质酶亲缘关系最近,为75.5%。不同发育时期的荧光定量PCR分析表明,PxyChi在小菜蛾各个发育时期的表达量不同,其中PxyChi在2、3、4龄幼虫、蛹和成虫中的表达量分别是1龄幼虫的28.22、0.76、0.50、84.83和286倍,PxyChi在成虫的表达量最高。暗示PxyChi蛋白可能参与小菜蛾蛹期旧表皮降解和成虫翅的发育等生理过程。本研究可为探索几丁质酶在小菜蛾发育中的功能提供理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】本研究旨在获得家蚕Bombyx mori Bcl-2家族同源基因,并分析其在不同组织和发育阶段的时空表达模式及功能。【方法】用c DNA末端快速扩增方法(rapid amplification of c DNA ends,RACE)克隆家蚕Bcl-2家族基因Bm Buffy,利用SSR分子标记连锁分析确定其染色体定位。同时,用RT-PCR和q PCR技术分析该基因在家蚕幼虫及变态期间不同组织中的表达。【结果】克隆获得全长家蚕Bcl-2家族同源基因Bm Buffy,证明该基因位于第4号染色体上,开放阅读框长879 bp,编码292 aa,预测其分子量大小为32.4 k Da,等电点为9.94,且第130-231位氨基酸之间存在1个Bcl-2_like Superfamily结构域。系统进化发育树表明,其与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster的Dm Buffy关系最近,氨基酸序列一致性为27%。Bm Buffy在幼虫组织中的表达结果显示,其在马氏管中表达量最高,而且在不同组织变态期的关键时间点均有明显变化。【结论】家蚕Bm Buffy具有Bcl-2家族典型结构域,Bm Buffy定位于第4号染色体上,Bm Buffy在家蚕变态期的组织生理变化中起到一定作用。本文为进一步研究家蚕Bcl-2家族基因的功能奠定基础。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】MiRNAs在昆虫变态发育过程中发挥非常重要的作用。对家蚕Bombyx mori miRNAs及靶基因的研究将有助于阐明miRNAs参与调控家蚕变态发育的分子机制。【方法】往家蚕5龄第2天幼虫血淋巴注射蜕皮激素20E后,qRT-PCR检测miR-2769在家蚕脂肪体中的表达;通过生物信息学方法预测家蚕miR-2769的靶基因;利用双荧光酶报告载体系统分析miR-2769与预测靶基因BmE75B的互作;qRT-PCR检测miR-2769及其靶基因BmE75不同剪接体在家蚕不同发育时期(幼虫、蛹和成虫)和幼虫不同组织(头、表皮、丝腺、脂肪体、精巢、卵巢、马氏管、中肠和血淋巴)中的表达量。【结果】研究结果表明,miR-2769可通过与家蚕BmE75B的3′UTR区结合位点的互作,显著抑制荧光素酶报告基因的表达。qRT-PCR结果表明,miR-2769和BmE75A/BmE75B在20E诱导家蚕脂肪体中表达趋势相反。时空表达分析结果表明,miR-2769与BmE75的不同剪接体在家蚕不同发育时期和不同组织中均具有特异性表达特征。在家蚕变态发育的不同阶段,miR-2769和BmE75A的表达量均较低,而BmE75B在蛹期表达量较高,BmE75C在5龄末幼虫和蛹早期有极高表达水平。此外,miR-2769与BmE75不同剪接体均存在一定程度的表达负相关。在家蚕5龄幼虫血淋巴中miR-2769可促进BmE75A的表达,在脂肪体中miR-2769可促进BmE75B的表达,而在其他组织中miR-2769抑制BmE75不同剪接体的表达。【结论】家蚕miR-2769可通过与BmE75B的3′UTR区的互作对BmE75不同剪接体的表达进行负调控。  相似文献   

11.

Background

Metamorphosis is a complex, highly conserved and strictly regulated development process that involves the programmed cell death of obsolete larval organs. Here we show a novel functional role for the aspartic proteinase cathepsin D during insect metamorphosis.

Results

Cathepsin D of the silkworm Bombyx mori (BmCatD) was ecdysone-induced, differentially and spatially expressed in the larval fat body of the final instar and in the larval gut of pupal stage, and its expression led to programmed cell death. Furthermore, BmCatD was highly induced in the fat body of baculovirus-infected B. mori larvae, suggesting that this gene is involved in the induction of metamorphosis of host insects infected with baculovirus. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated BmCatD knock-down inhibited programmed cell death of the larval fat body, resulting in the arrest of larval-pupal transformation. BmCatD RNAi also inhibited the programmed cell death of larval gut during pupal stage.

Conclusion

Based on these results, we concluded that BmCatD is critically involved in the programmed cell death of the larval fat body and larval gut in silkworm metamorphosis.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Proteolytic enzymes are involved in insect molting and metamorphosis, and play a vital role in the programmed cell death of obsolete organs. Here we show the expression profile of cathepsin B in the fat body of the silkworm Bombyx mori during development. We also compare the expression profiles of B. mori cathepsins B (BmCatB) and D (BmCatD) during normal development and after RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated inhibition. BmCatB is induced by 20-OH-ecdysone, and is expressed in the fat body of B. mori during molting and the larval–pupal and pupal–adult transformations, where its expression leads to programmed cell death. In particular, BmCatB is highly expressed in the fat body of B. mori during the larval–pupal transformation, and BmCatB RNAi treatment resulted in an arrest of the larval–pupal transformation. RNAi-mediated BmCatB knockdown sustained the expression of BmCatD during the larval–pupal transformation. On the other hand, when BmCatD was inhibited via RNAi, the expression of BmCatB was upregulated. Based on these results, we conclude that BmCatB is involved in the programmed cell death of the fat body during B. mori metamorphosis, and that BmCatB and BmCatD contribute to B. mori metamorphosis.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the modulation of lysosomal enzymes in terms of both gene expression and enzymatic activity during follicle maturation. For this purpose three lysosomal enzymes, cathepsins B, D, and L, were studied in relation to yolk formation and degradation, during the main phases of ovarian follicle growth in the pelagophil species, the sea bream Sparus aurata. Specific attention was focused on the gene expression quantification method, on the assay of enzymatic activities, and on the relationship between the proteolytic cleavage of yolk proteins (YPs), cathepsin gene expression and cathepsin activities. For the gene expression study, the cathepsins B-like and L-like mRNAs were isolated and partially or fully characterized, respectively; the sequences were used as design specific primers for the quantification of cathepsin gene expression by real-time PCR, in follicles at different stages of maturation. The enzymatic assays for cathepsins B, D, and L were optimized in terms of specificity, sensitivity and reliability, using specific substrates and inhibitors. In ovulated eggs, the lipovitellin I (LV I) was degraded and the changes in electrophoretic pattern were preceded by an increase in the activity of a cysteine proteinase, cathepsin L, and its mRNA. Cathepsin B did not appear to be involved in YP changes during the final maturation stage.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B, H, K, L and S, have been implicated in several proteolytic processes during development, growth, remodeling and aging, as well as in a variety of pathological processes. For systematic analysis of cathepsin gene expression we have produced cDNA clones for mouse and human cysteine cathepsins. Northern analysis of a panel of total RNAs isolated from 16-19 different human and mouse tissues revealed the presence of mRNAs for cathepsin B, H, K, L and S in most tissues, but each with a distinct profile. Of the different cathepsin mRNAs, those for cathepsin K were clearly the highest in bone and cartilage. However, relatively high mRNA levels for the other cathepsins were also present in these tissues. To better understand the roles of different cathepsins during endochondral ossification in mouse long bones, cathepsin mRNAs were localized by in situ hybridization. Cathepsin K mRNAs were predominantly seen in multinucleated chondroclastic and osteoclastic cells at the osteochondral junction and on the surface of bone spicules. The other cathepsin mRNAs were also seen in osteoclasts, and in hypertrophic and proliferating chondrocytes. These observations were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and suggest that all cysteine cathepsins are involved in matrix degradation during endochondral ossification.  相似文献   

17.
The complete nucleotide sequence of a novel cathepsin cDNA derived from mouse placenta was determined and is termed cathepsin M. The predicted protein of 333 amino acid is a member of the family C1A proteases and is related to mouse cathepsins L and P. Mouse cathepsin M is highly expressed in placenta, whereas no detectable levels were found in lung, spleen, heart, brain, kidney, thymus, testicle, liver, or embryo. Phylogenic analyses of the sequences of human and mouse cathepsins show that cathepsin M is most closely related to cathepsins P and L. However, the differences are sufficiently large to indicate that the enzymes will be found in other species. This is in contrast to human cathepsins L and V, which probably resulted from a gene duplication after divergence of mammalian species.  相似文献   

18.
Previously, we identified two proteins with molecular masses of 200 and 210 kDa in basement membranes of Sarcophaga imaginal discs as substrates for cathepsin L [Homma, K. and Natori, S. (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. 240, 443-447]. Here we demonstrated that the same proteins were also present in the basement membranes of larval brains. These proteins were suggested to be digested by cathepsin L secreted from the larval brains in response to 20-HE. From the behavior of these proteins during metamorphosis, we concluded that the basement membranes of larval brains are degraded at the early pupal stage and synthesized again at the late pupal stage, coinciding with the timing of brain remodeling that takes place during metamorphosis. Possibly, the transient disappearance of the basement membranes makes brain remodeling easier, and cathepsin L is suggested to play a crucial role in the degradation of the basement membranes.  相似文献   

19.
During pupal metamorphosis, the anterior silk gland (ASG) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, undergoes programmed cell death (PCD), which is triggered by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Annexin IX (ANX IX) has been identified as a 20E-inducible gene in dying ASGs, and we show here that its expression is down-regulated in tissues destined to die but not in tissues that survive pupal metamorphosis. ANX IX expression was high in the ASGs during the feeding period, when the ecdysteroid titer was low, and decreased in response to the rising ecdysteroid titer that triggered pupal metamorphosis. Before gut purge, in vitro exposure of the ASGs to 20E levels corresponding to the ecdysteroid concentration present at the time of gut purge caused a decrease in ANX IX messenger RNA levels. Expression profiles of EcR and USP, and the 20E concentration-responses of these genes, indicate the importance of the relative abundance of EcR-A and EcR-B1 isoforms in ANX IX regulation. These results suggest an involvement of ANX IX in the determination of PCD timing by delaying or suppressing the response to the increase in hemolymph ecdysteroid concentration during the prepupal period.  相似文献   

20.
The silkworm is a lepidopteran insect that has an open circulatory system with hemolymph consisting of blood and lymph fluid. Hemolymph is not only considered as a depository of nutrients and energy, but it also plays a key role in substance transportation, immunity response, and proteolysis. In this study, we used LC‐MS/MS to analyze the hemolymph proteins of four developmental stages during metamorphosis. A total of 728 proteins were identified from the hemolymph of the second day of wandering stage, first day of pupation, ninth day of pupation, and first day as an adult moth. GO annotations and categories showed that silkworm hemolymph proteins were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, proteolysis, protein binding, and antibacterial humoral response. The levels of nutrient, immunity‐related, and structural proteins changed significantly during development and metamorphosis. Some, such as cuticle, odorant‐binding, and chemosensory proteins, showed stage‐specific expression in the hemolymph. In addition, the expression of several antimicrobial peptides exhibited their highest level of abundance in the hemolymph of the early pupal stage. These findings provide a comprehensive proteomic insight of the silkworm hemolymph and suggest additional molecular targets for studying insect metamorphosis.  相似文献   

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