四种禾本科牧草植物光合特性的初步研究

对４种热带牧草植物叶面入射光强、叶面温度、净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、气孔导度的测定结果显示：盛夏季节叶面入射光强和叶面温度日变化显著,分别介于１００－１７００ μｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１ｔ　３３． ２－４３℃之间;不同牧草种类之间净光合速率存在差异但日变化进程类似,即１０：００前最大,介于３５．６－４２／μｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１之间,之后随光强和叶面温度的增加而下降,按日平均值排序为皇草（２５．７μｍｏｌ　ｍ－２ｓ－１）＞墨西哥玉米（２４．２ μｍｏｌ　ｍ－２ｓ－１）、杂交狼尾草（２４．２ μｍｏｌ　ｍ－２ｓ－１）＞矮象草（１９．１μｍｏｌｍ－２ｓ－１）;（３）矮象草午休期间气孔导度的下降以及其它３种牧草气孔导度的提高是植物对高温胁迫的不同适应策略．     

割草对牧草分蘖萌发的影响

对皇草（Ｐｎｎｉｓｅｔｕｍ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｍ ×Ｐ ｇｌａｕｃｕｍ）杂交狼尾草（ｐｅｎｎｉｓｅｔｕｍ ｇｌａｕｃｕｍ×Ｐ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｍ）、矮象草（Ｐｅｎｎｉｓｅｔｕｍ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅｕｍ）和墨西哥玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍｎｙｓ ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｍｅｘｉｃａｎａ）等４种牧草在生长期进行了４次割草试验,探讨了不同割草次数对牧草单兜株数的影响。结果表明：１）在进行１次割草的情况下,４种牧草的营养生长时间分别为５３、９６、１５３和２０８ ｄ时,单兜株数分别为２０．２,８．５,１７．２,１１．７株,牧草的单兜株数随营养生长时间的增加而呈大小相间排列;２）在可靠性为９５％以上时,第二次割草时的单兜株数与第一次割草时有明显的差异,而多次割草后的差异性逐渐减小;３）营养生长的时间长短和前一次的单兜株数对牧草后一次的萌发和分蘖有显著的影响,在一定程度上决定了后一次的单兜株数;４）杂交狼尾草在多次连续割草后,单位面积上的株数变得不均匀,而皇草、矮象草和墨西哥玉米则逐渐均匀化,这个作用使得杂交狼尾草在退化坡地水土保持上的价值减少．     

美国生物圈二号内生长在高CO2浓度下的10种植物气孔导率,蒸腾速率…

报道了美国生物圈二号内生长在高ＣＯ２浓度下（〉２２００μｍｏｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１）４．５年后的５种热带雨林植物和５种荒漠植物气孔导率,蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的变化,结果表明,热带雨林植物在ＣＯ２浓度为３５０～４００μｍｏｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１时的气孔导度,蒸腾速率和水分利用效率分别为：（１２７．４±６５．６）ｍｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１,（２．０４±０．６１）ｍｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１和（２．９０±０．５     

不同基肥对退化坡地及牧草产量和质量的影响

探讨了不同基肥组合处理对退化坡地的改造利用和对牧草生产的影响．在相同的肥水管理条件下,以“鸡粪＋牛粪＋石灰”的基肥组合（Ａ）处理退化坡地土壤,可使皇草、杂交狼尾草、矮象草和墨西哥玉米的年产量比“猪粪＋牛粪＋石灰”的组合（Ｂ）处理分别高出９．７％、１２．８％、４３．０％和９．９％,前者（Ａ）生产出的牧草的粗蛋白含量略高于后者（Ｂ）,粗纤维含量略低于后者,而粗灰分含量显著高于后者．     

芦苇（Phragmites communis）光合作用与蒸腾作用的日进程

测定了野生芦苇（Ｐｈｒａｇｍｉｔｅｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ）光合作用、蒸腾作用及相关指标的日变化。叶片的净光合作用率在１０∶００～１５∶００间保持一个高的稳定阶段,平均为７３～９９μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,光饱和状态下的最大值为１２７μｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,处于挺水植物的低限。蒸腾作用强度的峰值达４８ｍｍｏｌＨ２Ｏ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１。光合作用和蒸腾作用的日进程均未发生“午休”现象;相反,二者都是在正午前后强度最大。光合光量子流密度与净光合作用率、蒸腾强度、叶面传导率均存在不同程度的正相关。芦苇的光合作用强度和水分利用效率相对较低,但年生产量却较高,这是因为芦苇具有密实的叶子、有利的叶片配置结构和高的蒸腾作用强度。     

青海海北地区高山嵩草草甸植物群落生物量动态及能量分配

对青海海北地区高山草甸主要植物群落小嵩草（Ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍａｅａ）草甸、矮嵩草（Ｋ．ｈｕｍｉｌｉｓ）草甸、藏嵩草（Ｋ．ｔｉｂｅｔｉｃａ）沼泽化草甸地上生物量动态和能量分配的研究结果表明,不同植物群落年地上净生产量及其年际动态和主要植物类群生物量季节动态具明显的差异,其生物量季节动态可由如下模型表示：Ｗｉ＝Ｋｉ／（１＋ｅｘｐ（Ａｉ－Ｂｉｔ））植物群落地上、地下生物量的垂直分布呈典型的金字塔和倒金字塔模式。小嵩草草甸、矮嵩草草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸的地上净生产量依次为３６８．４ｇｍ－２ａ－１、４１８．５ｇｍ－２ａ－１和５１８．４ｇｍ－２ａ－１,所固定的太阳能值依次为６６５５．１６ｋＪｍ－２ａ－１、７６１０．０９ｋＪｍ－２ａ－１、９４８８．７７ｋＪｍ－２ａ－１。光能利用率分别为０．１０９７％、０．１２５６％、０．１５６８％。     

银杏的蒸腾特性及其对遮荫的响应

在夏季晴天土壤供水充足的条件下,生长在庐山山地上的银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）,其向阳叶片蒸腾速率的日变化属午后高峰型,日平均蒸腾速率约为１．８６ｍｍｏｌＨ２Ｏ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１,最大蒸腾速率约为３．８ｍｍｏｌＨ２Ｏ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１;其水分利用率日平均约为２．９ｍｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍｏｌ－１Ｈ２Ｏ,最高可达８．６ｍｍｏｌＣＯ２·ｍｏｌ－１Ｈ２Ｏ。银杏叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔阻力和水分利用率等对遮荫的响应在一天的不同时间各不相同,表明了银杏的生长对当地变化的光照条件是适应的。气温、光合有效辐射和气孔阻力等因素对银杏蒸腾速率的影响显著。     

庐山鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)幼苗蒸腾特性研究

庐山山地上的鹅掌楸幼苗,在夏季晴天土壤供水充足的条件下,其叶片蒸腾速率的日变化为午后高峰型,日蒸腾量为７０９２ｍｏｌＨ２Ｏｍ＾２ｄ＾１,最大蒸腾速率达３．９ｍｍｏｌＨ２Ｏｍ＾－２ｓ＾－１,叶／敢温度差,敢孔导率,相对湿度等对蒸腾速度的影响最显著;鹅掌楸地的水分利用率日平均为４．１４２ｍｍｏｌＣＯ２３ｍｏｌ＾－１Ｈ２Ｏ最高可达１１．８ｍｍｏｌＣＯ２ｍｏｌ＾－１Ｈ２Ｏ。     

银杏光合与蒸腾特性的研究

通过测定银杏净光合速率、蒸腾速度、气孔阻力等生理指标和观测银杏叶片形态、解剖特征,结果表明：１．银杏光补偿点为７６μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－１．ｓ＾－１,光饱和点为１０４０μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１。超过光饱和点后,随光照强度增加光合强度反而下降。２．银杏光合最佳温度为２６℃。３．净光 速率的日变化呈“午休”型的双峰曲线变化,最高峰出现在１０：００Ａ．Ｍ．前后,次峰出现在６：００Ｐ．Ｍ．前后。４．蒸腾速度     

提高CO2浓度对两种亚势带树苗叶片水分状况的影响

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的主要优势乔木树种黛蒴和荷木的幼苗,盆栽于自然光 照和人工调节ＣＯ２浓度为５００μｌ．Ｌ＾－１或空气ＣＯ２（３４０μｌ．Ｌ＾－１）的气罩３个月。在各自生长条件下测定,高ＣＯ２下生长的黧蒴和荷木叶平均气孔导率分别降低１３％和２０％,蒸腾速率下降２０％和１８％,水分利用效率提高１倍以上,不同ＣＯ２浓度下的植物叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速度日进程曲线也有明显差异,处理后将幼苗置于自然条件下观     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.