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1.
粳稻与几个广亲和品种杂交F1的花药培养效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对粳稻品种秋光与几个广亲和品种及对照品种秋光的杂种F1进行花药培养,并对其中的一个组合所产生的白化苗做了PCR分析。结果表明:(1)秋光是一个培养力很高的品种,以秋光作为母本的粳/籼交组合的花药培养可以得到较高的培养力(绿苗率与愈伤组织诱导率的乘积);(2)在供试的杂交组合中,培养力高低的一般趋势是:粳(籼)广亲和/籼(粳)广亲和>粳/广亲和>粳>粳>粳>粳/籼;(3)与普通籼粳交相比,由于广亲和品种的参与提高了杂种F1的绿苗分化率, 白苗率;出愈率、分化率及培养力与出愈速度并无直接关系,选择适合的培养基并及时将愈伤组织转移到分化培养基上进行分化是提高花药培养的分化率和培养力的重要保证;(4)混生(或嵌合体)白化苗的形成是在分化初期愈伤组织发生遗传变异的结果,这种变异一经发生,无法用再分化的方法诱导绿苗的形成。  相似文献   

2.
水稻花药培养力的遗传分析及基因定位   总被引:19,自引:4,他引:15  
何平  沈利爽 《遗传学报》1998,25(4):337-344
在栽培稻的籼粳亚种间,花药培养力存在显著差异,这一差异主要是由遗传因素引起的。以适合籼粳稻杂种花药培养的SK_3培养基,经花药培养获得了一个籼粳交F_1代的加倍单倍体(DH)群体,对该群体的110个株系用同一种培养基进行花药培养,利用该群体构建的分子图谱进行有关水稻花药培养力的数量性状基因座位(QTLs)的分析。结果表明,与水稻花药培养力有关的4个性状在DH群体中均表现为连续分布,愈伤组织诱导率与绿苗分化率之间不存在相关性,而绿苗产率与愈伤组织诱导率和绿苗分化率均显著相关。在第6、7、8、10和12 5条染色体上分别检测到与愈伤组织诱导率有关的5个QTLs,其加性效应均为正。在第1和第9染色体上检测到与绿苗分化率有关的2个QTLs,这两个性状间的QTs不存在连锁。在第9染色体上有一个主效基因与白苗分化率有关,对绿苗产率则没有检测到特有的QTL。  相似文献   

3.
油菜花药培养研究(初报)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
试验了不同培养基配方和不同的激素及附加成分对油菜花药培养的影响。结果表明,对于诱导油菜花药形成愈伤组织,Miller和B_5,配方较好。但在大多数情况下,愈伤组织易从花丝及药隔组织形成。在MS培养基中加入适量的BA和NAA以诱导芽的分化,明显优于用激动素及IAA的组合。诱导培养基的组或对形成的花药愈伤组织随后的分化有明显的影响。温度是提高小苗移栽成活率的关键因素。由甘蓝型油菜×白菜型油菜的F_1植株的花药培养诱导形成的部分植株中出现了明显的分离现象。对花药培养诱导形成的植株的第二代群体的观察表明少数植株的后代群体表现整齐一致。这些结果说明在油菜的花药培养中可能有少数花粉植株的形成。讨论了油菜花药培养中存在的问题。  相似文献   

4.
以水稻成熟胚为材料诱导愈伤组织,统计在不同基本培养基上的愈伤诱导率以及绿苗分化率,分析不同基本培养基及外源激素的含量和比例对愈伤组织生长及分化的影响。结果表明,试验材料对基本培养基具有选择性,MS培养基对籼稻种胚愈伤的诱导培养效果较好,NB培养基则更适合粳稻种胚愈伤的诱导培养;诱导继代培养基中加入多种氨基酸组合可有效提高出愈率和分化率,特别是粳稻的愈伤组织的诱导和分化需要多种氨基酸的共同作用;不同基因型水稻材料对激素和氨基酸组合的需求不同。  相似文献   

5.
红掌花药培养   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
研究了发育时期、基因型、培养基、低温预处理等因素对红掌花药愈伤组织诱导的影响.结果表明,小孢子中晚期是红掌花药培养的适宜时期;基因型对花药膨大率有显著的影响;不同培养基上的Sweet Dream和Jungle Bush的花药膨大率差异显著;低温预处理明显提高Sweet Dream的花药膨大率.从Sweet Dream花药诱导出致密和疏松两种愈伤组织,两种愈伤组织芽分化率和生根率存在明显差异,致密愈伤组织的小苗生根率为95.00%,而疏松愈伤组织的小苗生根率为30.00%.Sweet Dream的花药再生植株与叶片再生植株在形态特征上有差异,染色体鉴定结果表明,花药再生植株均是二倍体.  相似文献   

6.
通过花药培养得到的单倍体植株生活力比较低,白苗率较高。在花药培养中有大量的愈伤组织甚至不分化出根和芽,不能形成植株,严重地妨碍了花药培养应用于育种实践。特别是秈稻品种通过花药培养得到的植株成功率很低,急待提高。  相似文献   

7.
近年来小麦花药培养研究资料表明,愈伤组织诱导率与材料的遗传基础有很大关系shimada等用普通小麦中国春的A组染色体的非整倍体类型进行花药培养,结果形成的愈伤组织几乎全是由花丝产生的,并发现愈伤组  相似文献   

8.
小麦花药培养诱导率的配合力、遗传力初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵瑞堂  朱惠梅  毕艳娟 《遗传》1985,7(4):17-19
研究小麦花药培养诱导率的配合力、遗传 力,对于正确选配亲本、合理配制杂交组合,提 高诱导效率,进而提高花药培养育种效果,具有 重要意义。以往这方面研究多限于小麦杂交育 种的几个主要经济性状,有关小麦花药培养诱 导率配合力、遗传力研究尚有待进一步探讨。花 药培养作为一种新技术运用到小麦育种工作中 来,其目标是要在更短的育种周期中,创造出更 多的超亲优异的纯合品系,配合力、遗传力的分 析已成为重要课题。Sprague和Tatan (1942) 提出的两种配合力概念,即一般配合力(gea)和 特殊配合力(、。),一般配合力主要受加性基因 效应所决定,特殊配合力则由非加性基因效应 所决定,这些理论已成为研究数量性状遗传规 律的重要依据。本文是应用9个小麦品种双列 杂交设计的统计分析资料,重点探讨小麦花药 培养诱导率配合力、遗传力问题。 核靠边期晚期花药做禽体培养,每一试验株接 种花药60枚,培养基为C17。在培养期间温度 为26-28OC,湿度为60-80务,加光照时间为 13小时/日。配合力分析按Griffing的方法 2、模型1进行〔2,3,47。双列杂交随机区组方差分 析按组内只有单个观察值的两向分类资料的方 差分析。经F值测验达显著水准,表明遗传型 间效应差异显著,进一步做配合力分析。  相似文献   

9.
普通小麦单体的花药培养   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
张玉玲  李德森 《遗传》1984,6(3):7-10
近年来小麦花药培养研究资料表明,愈伤 组织诱导率与材料的遗传基础有很大关系[[1-3,8] Shimad:等〔7]用普通小麦中国春的A组染色体 的非整倍体类型进行花药培养,结果形成的愈 伤组织几乎全是由花丝产生的,并发现愈伤组 织诱导率最高的是双端体4A,其次是缺体4A, 其它材料的频率均较低。从而认为4A染色体 与愈伤组织诱导率有关。  相似文献   

10.
近年来小麦花药培养研究资料表明,愈伤 组织诱导率与材料的遗传基础有很大关系[[1-3,8] Shimad:等〔7]用普通小麦中国春的A组染色体 的非整倍体类型进行花药培养,结果形成的愈 伤组织几乎全是由花丝产生的,并发现愈伤组 织诱导率最高的是双端体4A,其次是缺体4A, 其它材料的频率均较低。从而认为4A染色体 与愈伤组织诱导率有关。  相似文献   

11.
从普通小麦×天兰冰草杂种F_1的叶、茎、节、幼穗诱导出愈伤组织,建立了体细胞无性系,获得了大量试管苗并移栽成活。 愈伤组织诱导率及分化率以幼穗最高,茎、节、叶较低。完全展开的叶片不能形成愈伤组织,未伸展的幼叶能诱导出愈伤组织,分化程度越低的幼叶部位越容易脱分化。幼叶基部切段的愈伤组织诱导率可达90%以上。改良MS附加4mg/l 2,4-D、0.1mg/l KT、0.5mg/l NAA为最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基。最适宜的分化培养基为改良MS附加0.25mg/l KT、0.5 mg/l NAA、150 mg/l腺嘌呤核苷。杂种的愈伤组织诱导率及分化率高于两个亲本。杂种的愈伤组织长势旺盛,适应性强等都表现了小冰麦杂种在组织培养中的杂种优势,而且这种再生能力杂种优势可以通过无性系得到保持。  相似文献   

12.
Summary Combining ability studies with respect to grain quality characteristics viz., beta-Carotene, total carotenoids, protein content, 250-grain weight, grain hardness and grain yield were carried out from a 13x13 diallel cross set in pearl millet [Pennisetum typhoides (Burm S&H)].The parents versus hybrids comparison indicated significant heterosis for all the traits under study. In general the hybrids having higher grain yield had bold hard grains with more carotene but low protein content, although a few hybrids combined high yield with an average protein percentage. The relative proportions of the general and specific combining ability variances indicated predominance of non-additive genetic variance with respect to all the traits. The per se performance of parents provided a fairly good indication of their combining ability in most cases. Parents possessing desirable grain quality characteristics were identified. Breeding implications are discussed.Part of the Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the Punjab Agricultural University by the senior author in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree  相似文献   

13.
Summary Combining ability studies for grain yield and its primary component traits in diallel crosses involving seven diverse wheat cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over generations F1-F5 are reported. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant in all generations for all the traits except specific combining ability variance for number of spikes per plant in the F5. The ratio of general to specific combining ability variances was significant for all the traits except grain yield in all the generations. This indicated an equal role of additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of grain yield, and the predominance of the former for its component traits. The presence of significant specific combining ability variances in even the advanced generations may be the result of an additive x additive type of epistasis or evolutionary divergence among progenies in the same parental array. The relative breeding values of the parental varieties, as indicated by their general combining ability effects, did not vary much over the generations. The cheap and reliable procedure observed for making the choice of parents, selecting hybrids and predicting advanced generation (F5) bulk hybrid performance was the determination of breeding values of the parents on the relative performance of their F2 progeny bulks.  相似文献   

14.
The low percentage of callus induction and green-plant regeneration has limited the application of anther culture techniques in indica rice breeding programmes. The aim of this work was to investigate the inheritance of the two characters and to determine whether good combinations with high-frequency callus induction and green-plant regeneration could be selected by sexual hybridization of suitable parents. So, a 3 × 4 incomplete diallel crosses were conducted between 7 parental lines. Three of them were believed to possess relatively high callus induction capacity and the other four relatively high green-plant regeneration capacity, based on our previous studies. Analysis of combining abilities and heritabilities revealed that both additive and non-additive effects were found to be important in the genetic control of callus induction. In case of green-plant regeneration, non-additive effects were predominant. Broad sense heritability values of 0.92 for callus induction and 0.98 for green-plant regeneration suggested that more than 90% of the observed variation was due to genetic effects, with just less than 10% attributed to non-genetic or environmental effects. In addition, the moderate narrow sense heritability values of 0.49 for callus induction, 0.29 for green-plant regeneration showed that the potential to introduce high responding ability into low lines was moderate. It was therefore conceivable that the frequency of anther culture response might be improved by suitable hybridization and selection strategies. A hybrid combination of code no. 67/107 incorporating high callus induction and high green-plant regeneration ability was selected in which genotype with high values of general combining ability (GCA) and positive effects of specific combining ability (SCA).  相似文献   

15.
Anther culturability of rice is significantly different between indica and japonica varieties. A doubled haploid (DH) population was established via anther culture of an indica/japonica hybrid on SK3 medium, which had been shown particularly suitable for anther culture of indica/japonica hybrids. For analyzing the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for anther culturability, anthers of the DH lines were again cultured with SK3 medium and parameters for four traits representing the anther culturability were surveyed and analyzed with the molecular map constructed from the same DH population. The parameters for four major traits were as follows: callus induction frequency (CI), green plantlet differentiation frequency (GPD), albino plantlet differentiation frequency (APD), and green plantlet yield frequency (GPY). All four traits displayed continuous distributions among the DH lines. The correlation coefficients between these traits were also tested and showed that there was no relationship between callus induction and green plantlet differentiation frequencies, but both showed strong positive correlation with the frequency of green plantlet yield. For callus induction frequency, five QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12. Two QTLs for green plantlet differentiation frequency were located on chromosomes 1 and 9. There was a major QTL for albino plantlet differentiation frequency on chromosome 9. No independent QTL was found for green plantlet yield frequency. The results may be useful in the selection of parents with high response to anther culture for rice haploid breeding and in the establishment of permanent DH populations for molecular mapping.  相似文献   

16.
芝麻愈伤组织诱导与植株再生体系的建立   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以芝麻栽培种(Sesamum indicum, 2n=26)、野生种(S. radiatum, 2n=64; S. schinzianum, 2n=64)及其远源杂交后代(S. schinzianum × S. indicum)为材料, 研究了不同基因型、外植体类型、激素种类及其浓度对芝麻愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响, 建立了芝麻愈伤组织诱导及高频植株再生的技术体系。结果表明, 6-BA/NAA激素组合有利于绿色紧密型愈伤组织的形成及分化; 最佳愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基为MS+ 0.1 mg·L–1NAA + 2.0 mg·L–16-BA+ 30 g·L–1蔗糖。在该培养条件下, 野生种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为97.50%, 分化率为94.02%; 栽培种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为40.60%, 分化率为8.16%; 远缘杂交后代幼胚外植体愈伤组织的诱导率最高为46.67%, 分化率为89.29%。该研究结果为芝麻转基因技术体系的建立及新种质创制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

17.
Summary Experimental results showed that the use of potato extract as a basic component of culture medium had a promoting effect on producing calli in anther culture of the intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Triticum-Agropyron (intermediate type). The induction frequencies of pollen callus on the Potato-II medium containing potato extract as the main component was much higher than that found on N6 and W5 media. The induction frequencies of pollen callus and green plantlets in four intergeneric hybrid material inoculated at the late-uninucleate pollen stage were all higher than those inoculated at the mid-uninucleate stage. Appropriate increases in culture temperature significantly increased pollen callus induction frequencies of the intergeneric hybrids. The genotype and physiological state of anther donor plants also influenced pollen callus and green plantlet induction frequencies.  相似文献   

18.
不同基因型大麦(Hordeum vulgare)的花粉愈伤组织诱导率不同。带大麦黄花叶病抗性基因的品种。品系或F1杂种的诱导率(8.83—14.21%)高于不带抗性基因的材料(1.04—6.25%)。 MS基本培养基添加草2,4—D.1 mg/L,Kt0.1 mg/L,BA0.2mg/L,生物素0.1mg, 其诱导率(平均11.09%)高于MS添加2,4—D3mg/L和Kt0.1 mg/L的诱导率(6.33%)及MS添加2,4—D1mg/L 和Kt 0.1 mg/L的诱导率(8.21%)。接种后先15℃暗培养5天,再转入25℃暗培养,其产生愈仿组织的高峰期推迟2—4天,但诱导率却从对照的5.84%提高到11.59%;25℃暗培养与25℃光 — 暗交替培养,诱导率无显著差异。  相似文献   

19.
黄花烟草和枸杞属间原生质体融合再生杂种小苗   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用改良的PEG方法以2%的频率诱导黄花烟草原生质体和经IOA失活的枸杞原生体融合。在获得的250块愈伤组织中,有5块为形态上与枸杞愈伤组织类似。对这5块愈伤组织的过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶分析结果表明,其中的2块(记作Hy2和Hy5)为对称程度较高的体细胞核杂种,其它3块为不对称核杂种或细胞质杂种。细胞学观察指出,Hy2和Hy5的平均染色体数目分别为98.2和59.3。此外,两个杂种的几乎所有中期细胞均含有结构变异的染色体。以小麦rDNA为探针的Southern杂交结果表明,Hy2和Hy5均含有双亲DNA特异片段。从Hy5再生出了形态上介于双亲之间的小苗。对再生苗叶片的酯酶同工酶分析指出,这些小苗含有双亲的特征酶带。  相似文献   

20.
We investigated the frequency of callus induction from mature-seed scutella of 39 varieties of Tongil rice(Oryza sativa japonica x indica). These were divided into two groups according to condition of the callus at the time of induction. Members of the first group, which developed brown calli, were further classified into two types (B1 or B2), based on the extent of their color change and callus condition. Tissues in the second group developed yellow calli, with varieties being placed into one of three types (Y1, Y2, or Y3) according to solidity. Type-Y1 seeds generated suitably soft calli that were healthy and grew rapidly. These calli were transformed with binary vector pGA2722 viaAgrobacterium- mediated co-cultivation. The vector contained the hygromycin-resistance selectable marker and agus reporter gene with an intron that is functional in plant cells but not inAgrobacterium. Most varieties that formed brown calli failed to generate transformants. Likewise, several varieties with suitably soft calli also failed. Among the 16 transformable varieties, the final regeneration frequencies ranged from 1.0 to 10.7%. The highest frequency was achieved by the variety Tongil, which also had the most rapidly growing calli. DNA gel-blot analysis revealed one to three copies of the introducedgus gene.  相似文献   

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