云南早侏罗世一新具嵴冠兽脚类恐龙

报道了具嵴冠的兽脚类恐龙一新属种,安龙堡双柏龙(Shuangbaisaurus anlongbaoensis gen.et sp.nov.).双柏龙发现于云南省楚雄彝族自治州双柏县下侏罗统冯家河组中,保存了部分头骨带下颌.双柏龙沿两侧眼眶背缘向上有嵴冠发育,这在其他兽脚类中未曾报道过.与其他早侏罗世体型较大且具一对矢状嵴冠的兽脚类(双嵴龙属和中国龙属)相比,双柏龙还独具一些特征组合,如相对较高的前颌骨体、抬高的前颌骨腹缘、后腹向延伸的轭骨后突及较小的上颞孔.比较研究表明,尽管中国“双嵴龙”(“Dilophosaurus”sinensis)可能应归入中国龙属(Sinosaurus),但未必属于模式种.双柏龙的发现将有助于研究基干兽脚类的演化,尤其是各类头骨骨饰在其中的作用.     

四川自贡肉食龙一新种

和平永川龙(Yongchuanosaurus hepingensis sp. nov.)为四川盆地发现的又一相当完整肉食龙新材料,本文对它进行了记述.     

龙血竭提取物有效成分剑叶龙血素A小鼠药动学研究

目的:选取中药广西龙血竭提取物(EDB)中有效成分之一的剑叶龙血素A(2,6-三甲氧基-4'-羟基二氢查耳酮)作为考察对象,研究其药动学规律,对龙血竭临床用药具有一定的指导意义.方法:建立实验小鼠血浆中剑叶龙血素A含量的高效液相色谱测定方法,测定给药后不同时间点血浆中剑叶龙血素A的浓度.通过药动学软件3P87进行数据处理,得出剑叶龙血素A的相关药动学参数.结果:剑叶龙血素A血药浓度高效液相色谱测定方法的线性范围为50-500ng/ml,高中低三种浓度回收率分别是114.80±2.86、103.60±4.38、101.80±2.12,最小检测浓度为10ng/ml,日内差为1.28%、日间差为2.26%、精密度(RSD)小于3%;剑叶龙血素A的药动学参数是:T(peak)为77.73min、C(max)为224.99ng/ml、T1/2Ke为72.91 min、T1/2Ka为40.94min、V/F(C)为1.019(mg/kg)/(ng/ml)、AUC为49553.47(ng/ml)*min.结论:建立了小鼠血浆中剑叶龙血素A高效液相色谱测定方法;EDB口服后剑叶龙血素A药动学为一室模型,有较大的吸收利用率,其消除半衰期为吸收半衰期的1.78倍,是吸收比消除快的药物.     

辽宁西部早白垩世义县组一新驰龙类

我国辽西早白垩世义县组底部陆家屯层近年来产出大量恐龙和其他脊椎动物化石 ,其中包括兽脚类恐龙当中的伤齿龙类和窃蛋龙类 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。本文报道该层位产出的一件驰龙类化石标本。通过对比研究 ,我们确认这一标本不同于热河群已知的其他 3种驰龙类 ,并建立了驰龙类的一个新属种 :陆家屯纤细盗龙 (Graciliraptorlujiatunensisgen .etsp .nov .)。驰龙类最初发现于北美晚白垩世地层中 (MatthewandBrown ,1 92 2 ) ,随后在蒙古晚白垩世地层中也有发现 (Osborn ,1 92 4 ) ;现在已知驰龙类的化石记录主要集中在北美和中亚地区的白垩纪地层中 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。千禧中国鸟龙 (Sinornithosaurusmillenii)曾代表最早的确定无疑的驰龙属种 (Xuetal.,1 999) ,其生存时代大约为 1 2 5Ma (Swisheretal.,1 999)。陆家屯纤细盗龙正型标本产于义县组底部陆家屯层 ,其上覆和下伏岩层的同位素年代分别为 1 2 8Ma和 1 39Ma (Swisheretal.,2 0 0 1 )。因此 ,陆家屯纤细盗龙代表已知最早的驰龙属种。陆家屯纤细盗龙和其他驰龙类共享以下近裔特征 :尾椎前关节突和脉弧极度加长、上颌齿后缘锯齿明显大于前缘锯齿和指节III- 2明显缩短。陆家屯纤细盗龙的以下近裔特征区别于其他驰龙类 :中部尾椎有一板状结构连接左右后关节     

伤齿龙标本IVPP V 10597分类学重新讨论(英文)

保存部分后肢的标本 IVPP V 10597 最初被描述为蒙古蜥鸟龙(Saurornithoides mongoliensis) 的幼年个体,但存在一些疑问。近年来有关伤齿龙科(Troodontidae) 的研究,尤其是有关伤齿龙类分类学研究取得了重要进展,因此有必要对该标本的分类学重新进行评估。通过细致的形态比较和数值化的系统发育分析,确认相对于蒙古蜥鸟龙,V 10597 更加接近于同域的谭氏临河猎龙(Linhevenator tani) ,指示其有可能代表谭氏临河猎龙的幼年个体。但 V 10597 的许多后肢特征,包括许多涉及后肢骨骼间比例的特征,显示出与包括谭氏临河猎龙在内的其他伤齿龙类的明显区别。这些形态差异可能具有分类学意义,表明 V 10597 代表一个新种。通过骨组织学分析,确认该标本不可能代表谭氏临河猎龙或者其他大型伤齿龙类的幼年个体。基于已有的形态学和骨组织学信息,将 V 10597 定为一新属、新种,命名为柯瑞氏菲利猎龙(Philovenator curriei gen. et sp. nov. ) 。这一发现增加了白垩纪晚期伤齿龙类的种群分异度和形态差异度。     

四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世肉食龙一新种

自贡四川龙(Szechuanosourus zigongensis sp.nov.)为自贡市大山铺蜀龙动物群中发现的又一肉食龙新材料,本文对它进行了记述。     

河南内乡桑坪组-新禽龙及其地层学意义

记述了禽龙亚目(Iguanodontia)一个新属种--诸葛南阳龙(Nanyangosaurus zhugeii).标本产于河南内乡夏馆镇桑坪组的紫红色泥质粉砂岩中.它的自近裔特征包括:第二掌骨超过第三掌骨和第四掌骨长度的90%;第四掌骨远端异常粗壮;指节Ⅳ-1长度小于远端横向宽度;第二跖骨近端腹背向长度大于第三跖骨.系统发育分析表明,南阳龙代表亲缘关系与鸭嘴龙超科最为接近的一类鸟脚类恐龙.诸葛南阳龙的发现支持了夏馆盆地红层为早白垩世沉积的观点.     

四川盆地一新蛇颈龙

本文记述了蛇颈龙一新属种——杨氏壁山上龙(Bishanopliosaurus youngi gen.et sp.nov.)。它的形态特征与欧洲里阿斯[Lias]期的 Rhomaleosaurus 的相似。因此可以推测产壁山上龙的地层——自流井组的东岳庙段的时代为早侏罗世。     

云南早侏罗世—新具嵴冠兽脚类恐龙（英文）

报道了具嵴冠的兽脚类恐龙一新属种,安龙堡双柏龙(Shuangbaisaurus anlongbaoensis gen.et sp.nov.)。双柏龙发现于云南省楚雄彝族自治州双柏县下侏罗统冯家河组中,保存了部分头骨带下颌。双柏龙沿两侧眼眶背缘向上有嵴冠发育,这在其他兽脚类中未曾报道过。与其他早侏罗世体型较大且具一对矢状嵴冠的兽脚类(双嵴龙属和中国龙属)相比,双柏龙还独具一些特征组合,如相对较高的前颌骨体、抬高的前颌骨腹缘、后腹向延伸的轭骨后突及较小的上颞孔。比较研究表明,尽管中国"双嵴龙"("Dilophosaurus"sinensis)可能应归入中国龙属(Sinosaurus),但未必属于模式种。双柏龙的发现将有助于研究基干兽脚类的演化,尤其是各类头骨骨饰在其中的作用。     

新铺龙(爬行纲:海龙目)的分类(英文)

比较了已经描述的新铺龙(Xinpusaurus)的三个种,确定以往确立的种间鉴别特征是无效的。吻部比例以及齿骨形态都不能用来区分它们,戈氏种(X.kohi)的头后骨骼鉴别特征基础不牢,大多因标本保存欠佳不能明确其有效性。因此,建议废除巴毛林种(X.bamaolinensis)以及戈氏种,新铺龙属仅保留属型种——孙氏新铺龙(X.suni)——为有效种。文中还进一步阐明了本属种脑颅的形态。     

A new poecilostomatoid copepod (Erebonasteridae) from deep-sea cold seeps at the West Florida Escarpment

A new species of poecilostomatoid copepod, Erebonaster spinulosus (Erebonasteridae), is described on the basis of a single female from a depth of 3 266 m at cold seeps near the base of the West Florida Escarpment in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Among its distinctive features are: the large body highly ornamented with setules and spinules, the rostrum with small median teeth and lateral setules, the claw of the second maxilla with a prominent knob on the concave margin, the maxilliped ornamented with setules and its claw bearing a digitiform process near the seta, the third segment of the exopod of leg 4 with the formula II,I,4, and the highly ornamented leg 5 having on the free segment a very long seta 9 times the length of the segment.The genus Erebonaster now contains two species, the previously described Erebonaster protentipes found in 2000 m at the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and the new Erebonaster spinulosus.     

四川盆地发现地史上最晚的一件迷齿类化石

<正> 迷齿类是一类古老的两栖动物.它们曾广泛地生存于世界各大洲、繁盛于石炭纪一二叠纪.三叠纪时趋向衰落.以往,生物学家认为,这类动物到三叠纪末就全部绝灭了.近年,澳大利亚墨尔本拉乔巴大学的 A. Warren教授,报道了在昆士兰南部含铁矿层中发现的迷齿类化石,时代确认为早侏罗世,证实了迷齿类动物曾残存到了侏罗纪.1983年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古     

Amphidiniopsis uroensis sp. nov. and Amphidiniopsis pectinaria sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): Two new benthic dinoflage llates from Japan

Two new armoured, heterotrophic sand‐dwelling marine dinoflagellates, Amphidiniopsis uroensis Toriumi, Yoshimatsu et Dodge sp. nov. and Amphidiniopsis pectinaria Toriumi, Yoshimatsu et Dodge sp. nov. were collected from Japanese sandy beaches, and their morphological features observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cell size of A. uroensis is 28–31 μm in length and 23–28 μm in width. The plate formula is Po 3′, 3a, 6″, 3c, 4s (+1 acc.), 5″′, 2″″. The thecal surface is ornamented with small processes, pores and spines, however, the surface of plate 2a is smooth. The epitheca possesses a narrow ridge that is extended along on the suture between 1′ and 3′. Plate 1″ connects with the right sulcal (Sd) and right sulcal accessory (Sda) plates, so the cingulum is incomplete. A nucleus is situated in the central part of the cell. There are a few small spines at the antapex. There are no stigma or chloroplasts. Amphidiniopsis pectinaria cells are 33–40 urn in length and 29–35 μm in width. The plate formula is Po 4′, 3a, 7″, 3c, 4s (+1 acc.), 5″′, 2″″. Plate 1″ connects directly with Sd and Sda plates, so the cingulum is incomplete. The thecal surface is ornamented with small processes, spines and pores. The epitheca is provided with a narrow ridge that is extended along on the suture between plates 1′, 4′ and 7″. The ornamentation on the antapical plates is unique. It is arranged in 10 straight rows on the hypotheca; each row has a strong spine at its posterior end. In addition, there is a long spine at the antapex. There are no stigma or chloroplasts. A nucleus is located in the central part of the cell.     

A reassessment of the purported venom delivery system of the bird-like raptor <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sinornithosaurus</Emphasis>

Gong and colleagues recently described unusual traits in the dromaeosaurid Sinornithosaurus that were interpreted as the first evidence of a venomous dinosaur. This interpretation was based on extremely elongated maxillary teeth, morphologically similar to those present in poisonous snakes; labial grooves on maxillary and dentary tooth crowns; and an additional ornamented depression in the lateral surface of the maxillary bone (subfenestral fossa). A reappraisal of each of these morphological traits is provided here in light of comparisons with other theropod dinosaurs and previous discussions for inferring poisonous capabilities in fossil taxa. We fail to recognize unambiguous evidence supporting the presence of a venom delivery system in Sinornithosaurus. For example, the extremely elongated teeth seem to be a taphonomic artifact due to the displacement of teeth outside the alveoli; the labial grooves are present in a wide variety of theropods; and no strong evidence for the lodging of a venomous gland is recognized. In contrast, the cranial and dental anatomy of Sinornithosaurus is congruent with that of other dromaeosaurids. The weak support for a venomous Sinornithosaurus renders unlikely the ecological model proposed by Gong and colleagues for this predatory dinosaur.     

泥河湾盆地虎头梁发现披毛犀化石

泥河湾盆地是中国北方第四纪地层发育最为齐全的地区之一,多处哺乳动物化石产地及旧石器遗址中均有披毛犀化石产出（卫奇,１９９７）,但报道产出的化石多数只是骨体碎片或零星的牙齿。１９６５年夏天,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所前太原工作站王择义、王向前和武文杰在泥河湾盆地河北省阳原县东城乡虎头梁一带进行旧石器调查时,从褐黄色含细砾砂质粘土层中采集到一些披毛犀化石,产出地点位于虎头梁旧石器遗址ＮＥ５５°方向３５０ｍ处,地层层位位于旧石器产出层位之下的泥河湾组上部,时代为早更新世末期。这些技毛犀化石是该…     

Juvenile and adult teeth of the titanosaurian dinosaur Lirainosaurus (Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Iberia

A large sample of more than 100 teeth of the titanosaurian sauropod Lirainosaurus astibiae from the Late Cretaceous Laño quarry (Northern Spain) has been studied. Most of the teeth are small (crown height less than 13 mm), cylindrical, with parallel edges and smooth enamel; a few larger teeth are tapered and have more ornamented enamel. These differences are regarded here as ontogenetic changes, the small teeth being interpreted as those of juveniles and the large ones as those of subadult or adult individuals. The juvenile teeth also present some differences in the apex of the crown: some of them have a tapered tip, and others have apical and/or mesial/distal facets. The first are probably unerupted or non-functional teeth, while the ones with wear facets are functional teeth. This is the first time a change in the microwear structures of the apical wear facets between juvenile and adult teeth is observed in a titanosaurian taxon. Moreover, this let us to hypothesize a switch in the diet and food processing between the juvenile and adult individuals of Lirainosaurus. Finally, the teeth of Lirainosaurus are different from those of the Late Cretaceous European titanosaurs described to date and also differ from the teeth of basal titanosauriforms from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula.     

A new stem-sperm whale (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from the Latest Miocene of Peru

A finely preserved skull with mandible and teeth associated, from the Latest Miocene beds (ca. 6 Ma) of the Pisco Formation, Sud-Sacaco, Peru, represents a new physeteroid genus and species, Acrophyseter deinodon. This moderate size sperm whale is characterized, among others, by: the short rostrum, the mandible distinctly curved upwards, large teeth very close together (12 on each upper tooth row and 13 on each lower tooth row), the lateral margin of the maxilla along the rostrum base much lower than the orbit roof, a wide supracranial basin dorsally overhanging the right orbit and limited to the cranium and a large temporal fossa dorsomedially elevated. A preliminary cladistic analysis provides a phylogenetic position of Acrophyseter nested within the stem-Physeteroidea, more basal than the clade Kogiidae + Physeteridae. The morphology of the oral apparatus and of the temporal fossa suggests that Acrophyseter was able to feed on large preys.     

RHYNCHONELLIFORMEAN BRACHIOPODS WITH SOFT-TISSUE PRESERVATION FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN CHENGJIANG LAGERSTÄTTE OF SOUTH CHINA

Abstract:  Cosmopolitan kutorginates, the most abundant Early Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods, became extinct at the end of the Middle Cambrian. Consequently, any information concerning the anatomy of this peculiar lineage of brachiopods has great phylogenetic significance with regard to their extant relatives for analogies with the stem-group clade. Such data have been supplied from fossils of which the soft parts have been preserved in exceptional detail. A new brachiopod, Kutorgina chengjiangensis sp. nov., from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of southern China, is described here. It is the first articulated brachiopod species collected from this deposit. The specimens preserve a set of soft-body parts, i.e. lophophore, digestive tract and pedicle, all previously poorly known in almost all Palaeozoic calcareous brachiopod taxa. The lophophore attains an early spirolophe stage, clearly homologous to that in the coeval lingulids. The digestive tract consists of a mouth, oesophagus, swollen stomach, intestine and a terminal anus. The pedicle protruding between the valves is stout and elongate, with annulated lamellae on the surface, and contains a putative cœlomic cavity. K. chengjiangensis displays the characteristics of the stem group of calcareous brachiopods, and illustrates anatomical similarities between Cambrian phosphatic- and calcareous-shelled brachiopods, thus corroborating that the Brachiopoda are a monophyletic group.