原位PCR和原位杂交检测蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒

根据ALV_J原型株HPRS10 3株gp85基因的内部序列 ,和pol基因的 3′端设计一对引物H5 H7。从发生ML病死蛋用型鸡的肿瘤、骨髓、肝脏、脾脏和输卵管组织中提取总RNA ,反转录为cDNA ,经PCR扩增得到长度为 5 4 5bp的ALV_JcDNA特异性探针。探针定位于 5 2 5 8～ 5 80 2bp。将病鸡的组织石蜡切片置HybaidExpress原位PCR仪平台上 ,以H5 H7为引物进行原位PCR扩增。应用地高辛标记的cDNA探针对原位PCR扩增后切片进行了原位杂交检测。结果在待检组织肿瘤组织、十二指肠、骨髓中出现明显的阳性信号。睾丸、肺、胰腺、大脑、输卵管、肾脏均检出散在的阳性信号。这是国内外首次从分子水平证明蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病。     

蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病的分子生物学诊断

根据J亚群白血病病毒(ALV-J)原型株HPRS-103的序列设计了一对针对外源性ALV-J引物H5和H7,从发生ML病死鸡的肿瘤、骨髓、肝脏、脾脏和输卵管组织中提取DNA作为模板,经PCR扩增得到长度为545bp的片段,对其序列进行测定后,与ALV-J原型株HPRS-103的序列进行了比较,发现其核苷酸同源性为97．4％,所编码氨基酸的同源性为96．1％。该片段含有ALV-J gp85编码基因的部分序列和ALV-J pol基因的部分序列,从分子水平上证实了蛋鸡发生J亚群禽白血病,进一步证明了此前根据病理学观察、免疫组化及免疫荧光诊断的结果。这是首次从分子水平上证明蛋用型鸡发生J亚群禽白血病。     

J亚群白血病病毒NX0101株感染性克隆化病毒的构建及其致病性

采用PCR方法分3段扩增出J亚群白血病病毒NX0 10 1株的前病毒cDNA ,PCR产物经克隆后顺次连接,获得一个含有完整ALV J前病毒cDNA的重组质粒,命名为pALV J NX。将此质粒DNA纯化后转染鸡胚成纤维细胞,以针对ALV J的单克隆抗体JE9对转染后的细胞作间接免疫荧光反应,证明获得了具有感染性的病毒。测定原始野毒和分子克隆化病毒的半数组织感染量(TCID50 ) ,分别人工接种1日龄商品代肉鸡并隔离饲养17周。接种野毒组死亡率为2 6 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 4 %。接种分子克隆化病毒组死亡率为2 2 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 2 %。结果表明,克隆化病毒具有天然病毒的致病性并对肉用型鸡表现致瘤性     

禽白血病病毒J亚群内蒙株的分离与鉴定

本研究从曾见典型禽骨髓性白血病(Myeloid Leukosis, ML)病例的内蒙古某肉种鸡场随机选取的淘汰肉种鸡中,分离出一株J亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosis virus Subgroup J, ALV-J).利用PCR和间接免疫荧光反应进行鉴定,J亚群禽白血病病毒内蒙株可以被两对ALV-J特异性引物扩增(特异条带约2.2kb和545bp);且在特异性单抗的间接免疫荧光检测中呈现强阳性荧光反应.此外,对山东一例肉种鸡骨髓性白血病病例亦进行了J亚群禽白血病病毒的分离与鉴定.2.2kb PCR扩增物的测序结果表明,两株分离病毒的同源性为96.9%,与已分离的SD9901和YZ9901株ALV-J同源性达94.2%～95.4%.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群囊膜蛋白env基因的克隆和表达

禽白血病病毒J亚群（ALV－J）是90年代鉴定出的ALV的新亚群,其囊膜蛋白env基因序列别与ALV A－E亚群的有相当大的差别。为ALV－J env基因及春表达产物的特点,用PCR方法扩增出ADOL－4817毒株的env基因,并克隆进TA载体,经电泳鉴定大小为1.7kb。将克隆出的env基因与杆状病毒pBlue-Bac4表达质粒DNA连接,构建成转移性载体pBac4817env,通过与Bac-N-Blue杆状病毒DNA共转染,区得了重组病毒rBac4817env-2。该重组杆状病毒感染Sf9细胞,能高效表达env基因产物,免疫荧光分析结果证明,单克隆抗体G2或多价兔抗env gp37血清能识别Sf9细胞,能高效表达env基因表达的特异性抗原;Western blotting分析结果表明,表达的重组基因产物的分子量大小约为90kD-94kD。用这些重组基因产物免疫鸡可以诱导鸡导鸡产生出高滴度的抗ALV－J特异性抗体。这一结果提示,这种杆状病毒表达的重组基因产物有助于ALV－J env基因生物学特性的深入研究。     

禽白血病病毒J亚群内蒙株的分离与鉴定

本研究从曾见典型禽骨髓性白血病(Myeloid Leukosis,ML)病例的内蒙古某肉种鸡场随机选取的淘汰肉种鸡中,分离出一株J亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosis virus Subgroup J.ALV-J)。利用PCR和间接免疫荧光反应进行鉴定,J亚群禽白血病病毒内蒙株可以被两对ALV—J特异性引物扩增(特异条带约2．2kb和545bp);且在特异性单抗的间接免疫荧光检测中呈现强阳性荧光反应。此外,对山东一例肉种鸡骨髓性白血病病例亦进行了J亚群禽白血病病毒的分离与鉴定。2．2kb PCR扩增物的测序结果表明,两株分离病毒的同源性为96．9％,与已分离的SD9901和YZ9901株ALV-J同源性达94．2％～95.4％。     

我国地方品种鸡分离到的一个禽白血病病毒新亚群的鉴定

为探明我国地方品种鸡群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosis virus,ALV)的特点,通过接种DF-1细胞及细胞培养上清液p27抗原的检测,从芦花鸡中分离得到三株外源性ALV禽白血病病毒,分别是JS11C1、JS11C2和JS11C3,并对其进行亚群鉴定分析。用PCR方法扩增env基因测序,并与已知鸡源各亚群ALV的囊膜蛋白(gp85)作氨基酸同源性比较。这三株ALV的env基因的gp85大小为1 005bp,编码335个氨基酸;env基因的gp37大小为609bp,编码203个氨基酸。三个毒株之间gp85的同源性为91.9%～97.0%。与A、B、C、D和E五个经典亚群在GenBank中已发表的18个毒株的gp85的同源性仅在77.7%～84.6%间,显著低于鸡群中常见的A、B、E各亚群内的同源性范围(分别为88.2%～98.5%,91.6%～98.8%和97.9%～99.4%),而与J亚群参考株的同源性更是只有34.2%～36.5%。上述结果表明,芦花鸡分离到的三株病毒可能是不同于鸡源ALV已知6个亚群的一个新亚群,按国际上对ALV亚群分类的习惯,初步将其定名为K亚群。     

K亚群禽白血病病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank数据库K亚群禽白血病病毒(Subgroup K avian leukosis virus,ALV-K)特异性抗原gp85的基因序列,设计一组ALV-K特异性的引物和探针,并构建阳性重组质粒。在对反应体系进行优化的基础上,建立了ALV-K的实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验和重复性试验。结果显示,本方法能对ALV-K进行特异性扩增,而对A亚群、B亚群、J亚群、E亚群禽白血病毒和新城疫病毒(NDV)、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(REV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)等禽病病原未见扩增。该方法最低能够检测到3.4×10~1拷贝数/μL的阳性质粒,灵敏度是RT-PCR的100倍。应用本方法对人工攻毒ALV-K的SPF鸡各脏器进行病毒定量分析,结果显示,在攻毒鸡体内心、肝、脾、肺、肾等脏器中均能检测到ALV-K,且肝、肾和脾中的病毒含量显著高于心和肺(P0.01)。     

禽白血病病毒J亚群自然感染蛋鸡病毒负载、受体表达及致瘤谱关系

J亚群禽白血病病毒(Subgroup J avian leukosis virus,ALV-J)通过与宿主细胞膜上的受体chNHE1蛋白结合感染细胞并引起宿主发病,进而引起肿瘤。本研究对确诊为ALV-J感染的肿瘤携带鸡进行病理组织学观察和病毒分离,应用荧光定量PCR技术检测ALV-J自然感染蛋鸡体内ALV-J负载量与其受体chNHE1蛋白mRNA表达量,分析ALV-J负载量、受体表达量及致瘤谱之间的相关性。结果显示:ALV-J在蛋鸡及地方品种鸡体内所诱发的肿瘤呈现多样化,但是病毒负载量与肿瘤谱相关性不明显;ALV-J负载量与chNHE1蛋白mRNA表达量呈正相关;组织在发生肿瘤时chNHE1蛋白mRNA表达量升高,可见,chNHE1蛋白不仅是ALV-J感染宿主细胞的受体,而且在肿瘤形成过程中也发挥重要作用。本研究为ALV-J致瘤机制的深入研究提供了科学基础。     

人白血病细胞系KG-1a中肿瘤干细胞样亚群细胞的初步研究

探讨人白血病细胞系KG-1a中是否存在具有肿瘤干细胞样生物学特性的亚群细胞.瑞氏染色和吖啶橙染色分别观察白血病细胞系KG-1a细胞形态和RNA含量:流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布;免疫组化和流式细胞术检测KG-1a细胞CD34的表达;流式细胞术检测CD34 CD38-亚群细胞;烟酸己可碱Hoechst33342染色后用荧光显微镜观察KG-1a细胞中侧群(side population,SP)样细胞所占比例.结果显示,白血病细胞系KG-1a细胞核仁易见,形态原始;部分细胞RNA含量低,细胞处于G0/G1期的比例占15.5%.绝大多数细胞的胞浆和胞膜皆表达CD34抗原,KG-1a中CD34 细胞占96.3%,CD34 CD38-亚群细胞占7.02%;SP样细胞大致比例为7.60%.本研究表明.人白血病细胞系KG-1a中存在具有肿瘤干细胞样生物学特性的亚群细胞.     

Expression of HMGR and corresponding cholesterol content in tissues of two pig breeds

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) is an essential enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. To study the expression of HMGR and corresponding cholesterol content in liver, adipose and muscle, six Chinese local breed (Huai pig) and Landrace pigs were selected. The results indicated that significant differences of cholesterol content in adipose (P < 0.01), liver (P < 0.05) and muscle (P < 0.01) tissues were detected between pigs of differing genetic backgrounds. HMGR mRNA expression were noted for adipose, liver and muscle of the two vastly differing genetics. Moreover cholesterol content differed (P < 0.01) among tissues across breed. Likewise, HMGR mRNA expression was different between adipose and liver tissues, muscle and liver tissues in both breeds; however, no difference was noted between adipose and muscle tissues. Results from this study indicate that cholesterol content and HMGR mRNA expression are higher in Huai pig tissues suggesting this gene is expressed in a breed- and tissue-dependent manner in pigs. Understanding the causes of variation in HMGR gene expression may provide crucial information about cholesterol biosynthesis.     

Detection and Molecular Characterization of J Subgroup Avian Leukosis Virus in Wild Ducks in China

To assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) in wild ducks in China, we examined samples from 528 wild ducks, representing 17 species, which were collected in China over the past 3 years. Virus isolation and PCR showed that 7 ALV-J strains were isolated from wild ducks. The env genes and the 3′UTRs from these isolates were cloned and sequenced. The env genes of all 7 wild duck isolates were significantly different from those in the prototype strain HPRS-103, American strains, broiler ALV-J isolates and Chinese local chicken isolates, but showed close homology with those found in some layer chicken ALV-J isolates and belonged to the same group. The 3′UTRs of 7 ALV-J wild ducks isolates showed close homology with the prototype strain HPRS-103 and no obvious deletion was found in the 3′UTR except for a 1 bp deletion in the E element that introduced a binding site for c-Ets-1. Our study demonstrated the presence of ALV-J in wild ducks and investigated the molecular characterization of ALV-J in wild ducks isolates.     

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection influences the gut microbiota composition in Huiyang bearded chickens

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) poses a major threat to poultry. The chicken gut microbiota plays critical roles in host performance, health and immunity. However, the effect of viral infection on the microbiota of Chinese local chickens is not well understood. In this study, we performed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and evaluated the gut microbiota profiles using faeces from ALV subgroup J (ALV-J)-infected and healthy Huiyang bearded chickens (Chinese local chickens). At the phylum level, ALV-J infection mainly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and decreased that of Firmicutes. An analysis at the order, family and genus levels showed that the abundance of Lactobacillales, Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus was the highest in normal chicken faeces, accounting for 89·07%, 86·47% and 86·46%, respectively, of phylotypes. Moreover, samples from ALV-J-infected chickens were enriched with Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides. Our findings highlight that ALV-J infection alters the gut microbiota and disrupts the host–microbial homeostasis in chickens, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALV-J infection.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1全基因组核苷酸序列的比较

[目的]分析我国ALV-J蛋鸡分离株的来源和进一步演变趋势.[方法]以J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)基因组:DNA作为其前病毒基因组模板,根据已发表序列设计合成9对引物,经PCR扩增出9段连续的、相互部分重叠的DNA片段和闭合环形前病毒两末端LTR的连接区段,并分别连入T载体进行克隆、测序.[结果]用:DNAstar软件对测序结果进行剪辑和拼接,首次完成了ALV-J蛋鸡分离株SD07LK1的前病毒全基因组核苷酸序列.[结论]将该序列与另外已完成的全基因组序列的比较表明,ALV-J的整个基因组gag和pol基因相对保守,各毒株间对应基因的同源性分别在95.O%以上,env基因的同源性仅为88.6%～94.0%.     

Neospora caninum is associated with abortion in Algerian cattle

Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. However, little information is available for Algeria. Accordingly, 799 cattle from 87 farms in the north and northeast of Algeria were enrolled in a seroepidemiological survey. An indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) revealed a seroprevalence of 19.6%. The animals were divided into 3 groups according to their breed: imported European cattle, local breeds, and crossed animals (European × local). Seroprevalences were 16.0%, 34.3%, and 18.6% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. A case control study was performed to investigate the link between global seropositivity to N. caninum and abortion risk in those cattle farms. There was a significant (P < 0.01) association between the seroprevalence against N. caninum and the occurrence of abortion in those farms (odds ratio [OR] = 12.03). This was also observed at the individual level (OR = 2.79). The analysis of results according to the breed revealed a significant association between seroprevalence and abortion in groups 1 and 3, but not for group 2, despite the fact that the highest seroprevalence was observed in group 2. Cerebral tissues from 5 aborted fetuses were available for histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One sample was found positive both by histology and by PCR, 2 samples were positive by PCR only, and 2 samples were negative in both tests.     

中国两头乌猪品种内源性逆转录病毒基因研究

目的对5个中国两头乌猪品种(通城猪、东山猪、沙子岭猪、赣西两头乌猪和金华猪)及3个国外品种(大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪)猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV)的核心蛋白(gag)基因、多聚酶(pol)基因、囊膜(env)基因的3个亚型A、B、C,分别从DNA和RNA水平上进行研究,以发现中国两头乌猪品种在异种器官移植中的资源优势。方法利用PCR方法在DNA水平上对PERV基因的三个亚型进行鉴定,并通过半定量PCR方法在RNA水平上检测通城猪和大白猪PERV各亚型在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、脂肪、淋巴和脑组织中的表达谱。结果4个华中两头乌猪种中env-AB型为主要PERV亚型,分别占被测总数的92%～100%。在这4个品种中均没有检测到C亚型,金华猪以及3个国外猪种中均检测到了C亚型,病毒亚型种类也更丰富。半定量PCR实验结果显示gag、pol基因在两个品种9个组织中广泛表达,env-A在通城猪的心、肝、肺、脂肪和淋巴组织中表达量较低,env-B在通城猪的心脏和淋巴组织中表达量较低,而env-B在大白猪的肾脏中表达很低,其他所测8个组织中表达量都较高。结论通城猪、东山猪、赣西两头乌猪和沙子岭猪可以做为较佳的异种移植候选供体,具有良好的应用前景。     

Novel applications of feather tip extracts from MDV-infected chickens; diagnosis of commercial broilers, whole genome separation by PFGE and synchronic mucosal infection

Marek's disease virus (MDV) productive replication occurs in the feather follicle epithelium and the feather tips are valuable both for research and disease diagnosis. Three novel applications of feather tip extracts are described now: (A). As a source of DNA for amplifying either MDV and/or ALV-J. In two clinical situations a marked advantage was obtained compared to blood and organs; in broiler breeder flocks with a mixed MDV and ALV-J infection, and in young broilers with neurological Marek's disease (MD). (B). Separation of the large ( approximately 200 kbp) MDV genome directly from the infected chickens. Using pulsed field gel electrophoresis, the DNA extracted from tumors or feather tips was separated and hybridized to a 132 bp tandem repeat MDV probe. Compared to 2/55 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive tumor samples, 15/61 feather tip extracts contained whole MDV genomes. (C). Experimental MDV infection was induced by the mucosal route by dripping feather tip extract to the eye and mouth of the bird. That attempted to reproduce the native infection process, however the use of extracts, instead of dry feather dust was a compromise, aimed to synchronize the infection. In one trial, tumors were induced 6 weeks after dripping day-old broilers, while in another, feather tips were PCR positive 16 days after dripping of 2-month-old layers.     

Complete Genome Sequence of a J Subgroup Avian Leukosis Virus Isolated from Local Commercial Broilers

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) isolate GDKP1202 was isolated from a 50-day-old local yellow commercial broiler in the Guangdong province of China in 2012. Here we report the complete genomic sequence of the GDKP1202 isolate, which caused high mortality, serious growth suppression, thymic atrophy, and liver enlargement in commercial broilers. A novel potential binding site (5′-GGCACCTCC-3′) for c-myb was identified in the GDKP1202 genome. These findings will provide additional insights into the molecular characteristics in the genomes and pathogenicity of ALV-J.