生物多样性数字图书馆系统的架构和实现

生物多样性研究工作急切需要一个建立在多源数据基础上的数字图书馆。基于虚拟用户社区的生物多样性数字图书馆除了在数据类型、存储需求、共享方式等方面具有一般数字图书馆的特点之外, 在数据挖掘和应用方面也有自己的一些特点。本文在对国内外数字图书馆调研和与生物多样性遗产图书馆(Biodiversity Heritage Library)及互联网档案(Internet Archive)项目的合作的基础上, 总结了各类数字图书馆中的数据类型, 对构建生物多样性数字图书馆相关的数据标准——Dublin Core和TaxonX作了简单介绍。然后设计了具有数据汇总、数据整理、转换和翻译以及数据对外服务三个模块的系统框架,提出了生物多样性数字图书馆的系统架构和功能,展示了已经实现的部分系统运行效果, 最后对今后在版权、全文识别、海量和扩展等方面的问题进行了讨论。     

纵游信息之海领略缤纷生命

生命科学学科信息门户(http://www.lifesciences.cn)是国家科学数字图书馆项目之一,是由图书馆资深资源建设人员和生命科学领域专家共同精心建设的生命科学网络资源导航。具有学科性强、资源组织专业化特点;中英文界面,具有较强的全球辐射力;是目前国内不可多得的优秀专业学科门户之一,是生命科学领域科研学者、师生、管理者喜爱的网站。为企事业单位拓展事业空间提供了很好的宣传平台。如果您需要在主页或各个分类的第一页显示您单位的信息,请与我们联系,价格再议。信息内容丰富:免费提供10 000多条生命科学及其相关领域的重要网络资源。栏…     

基于互联网的医院图书馆发展与建设

目前医院图书馆的建设处于纸质图书馆与互联网图书馆的共存互补阶段，随着互联网的不断发展与健全，基于互联网基础上的医院图书馆将成为发展趋势。通过分析加强医院图书馆建设的意义，提出医院图书馆互联网化的目标和基于互联网的医院图书馆发展思路。     

网络环境下中小型医院图书馆的现状和发展

进入21世纪以来,以网络为中心的计算机技术、通信技术、信息数字化技术以及多媒体技术的迅猛发展,给传统的图书馆带来极大的冲击,图书馆正经历着巨大的变化,对于大型图书馆来说,人员充足,资金雄厚,能顺应潮流,发展很快,很有生机,但对于一些中小型馆来说,如何在网络环境下适应社会的发展,搞好自己的资源建设和信息的服务工作,是我们亟待解决的问题。     

移动阅读与图书馆延伸服务的探讨

首先阐述了移动阅读与图书馆延伸服务的概念,提出了利用移动阅读延伸图书馆服务的必要性及优势,分析了移图书馆开展移动阅读的措施。     

《中国期刊引证报告(扩刊版)》发布《现代生物医学进展》2008年影响因子0.486

本刊讯《中国期刊引证报告(扩刊版)》是依托中国科学技术信息研究所国家工程技术数字图书馆"知识服务"系统,在"万方数据--数字化期刊群"基础上,结合中国科技论文与引文数据库(CSTPCD),以我国正式出版的各学科6108种中英文期刊(其     

知识管理--新世纪医学图书馆的变革

医院专业技术人员集中,知识密集,是靠医疗技术发展的事业单位,医学的发展依赖于科学技术的创新,医院地位的高低、取决于治疗疾病的技术水平,医务人员在科研活动中对课题研究设计、查新、选材都离不开图书馆的帮助。医学图书馆不仅是知识宝库,而且是获得科技成果的金钥匙,同时也是培养科技人才的孵化器和摇篮。在医学知识经济时代,知识已成为主导地位的因素,作为知识宝库的图书馆被提高到了一个重要位置。而传统的有效维护馆藏品、整理资料、管理图书等为概念的管理模式在医学图书馆数字时代已变得不再准确,正在转向以知识导航和知识评价,信…     

知识管理——新世纪医学图书馆的变革

医院专业技术人员集中,知识密集,是靠医疗技术发展的事业单位,医学的发展依赖于科学技术的创新,医院地位的高低、取决于治疗疾病的技术水平,医务人员在科研活动中对课题研究设计、查新、选材都离不开图书馆的帮助。医学图书馆不仅是知识宝库,而且是获得科技成果的金钥匙,同时也是培养科技人才的孵化器和摇篮。在医学知识经济时代,知识已成为主导地位的因素,作为知识宝库的图书馆被提高到了一个重要位置。而传统的有效维护馆藏品、整理资料、管理图书等为概念的管理模式在医学图书馆数字时代已变得不再准确,正在转向以知识导航和知识评价,信息咨询等为内容的知识管理模式转变。     

上海地区医院图书馆的现状与发展探讨

目的:为了解上海医院图书馆的现状,为医院图书馆的标准化,规范花建设提供依据。方法:采用中国图书馆学会医院图书馆委员会统一编制的"中国图书馆情况调查表",对上海医院图书馆进行问卷调查。结果:对医院图书馆人员的学历职称构成,年度经费、设备、馆舍面积、学科馆员设置、馆藏、数字资源的建设等方面的数据,按三级、二级医院分别进行统计分析,归纳总结。结论:通过本次调查,了解到上海地区45家三、二级医院在人员结构、经费、设备、数字资源的利用等方面差距较大,有待与各方面共同探索,改进工作,缩小差距。     

上海地区医院图书馆的现状与发展探讨

目的：为了解上海医院图书馆的现状,为医院图书馆的标准化,规范花建设提供依据。方法：采用中国图书馆学会医院图书馆委员会统一编制的＂中国图书馆情况调查表＂,对上海医院图书馆进行问卷调查。结果：对医院图书馆人员的学历职称构成,年度经费、设备、馆舍面积、学科馆员设置、馆藏、数字资源的建设等方面的数据,按三级、二级医院分别进行统计分析,归纳总结。结论：通过本次调查,了解到上海地区45家三、二级医院在人员结构、经费、设备、数字资源的利用等方面差距较大,有待与各方面共同探索,改进工作,缩小差距。     

Digital versus Print: Energy Performance in the Selection and Use of Scholarly Journals

Advances in digital technology and the growth of information networks are revolutionizing human activity. The Internet has been championed as a new tool for environmental improvement. A life-cycle energy analysis of digital libraries, a growing application of information technology, was conducted to test this premise.
Life-cycle models were compared for journal collections in digital and traditional formats. The basis for analysis was the amount of information in a typical scientific journal article (∼12 pages), which is equivalent to 0.97 hr of on-screen reading time. Digital system elements such as servers, routers, laser printers, and computer workstations were modeled. Journal production, delivery, storage, binding, interlibrary loan, and photocopying were examined for the traditional system. Building-related infrastructure, office paper, and personal transportation of the library patron were analyzed for both cases. In all, the study incorporated nearly 30 model elements, 90 input variables, and numerous fixed parameters.
Five primary scenarios were constructed to consider increasing levels of complexity. Scenario 1 assumes only one reading per article (unit of analysis). Additional scenarios assume 1,000 readings and vary the following: laser printing, photocopying, and personal transportation. Energy consumed by the digital collection ranged between 4.10 and 216 MJ. The traditional system realized burdens from 0.55 to 525 MJ. Four significant effects were uncovered: (1) Energy consumption per unit was highly influenced by the number of readings per article. (2) Networking infrastructure by itself had a relatively small effect on total energy consumed by the digital system. (3) When personal transportation was considered, its effects tended to dominate. (4) The impact of making personal copies varied. Photocopying always increased energy consumption, whereas laser printing actually saved energy when it substituted for on-screen reading.     

抗体库的发展及未来

抗体库的出现为制备人源性单抗开辟了一条行之有效的途径．虽然该技术问世只有短短几年的时间,但其筛选系统已有了很大的改进;现已能够快速地从抗体库中筛选出各种具有不同用途的抗体．从而克服了传统杂交瘤技术的某些局限性．文章就抗体库的发展及其应用前景进行了概述.     

利用SMART方法快速克隆异黄酮代谢途径多基因的研究

采用改进的酸酚法提取高质量的大豆叶片RNA,利用SMART思想和方法构建大豆叶片全长cDNA文库,直接以一级库液稀释液为模版进行PCR,快速克隆得到异黄酮代谢途径相关的5个基因。与传统的从DNA、RNA出发克隆基因,以及构建文库再进行基因筛选的克隆方法相比,该方法得到的基因均为全长基因,适用于快速、简便的进行多基因全长克隆。     

Comparison of large-insert,small-insert and pyrosequencing libraries for metagenomic analysis

The development of DNA sequencing methods for characterizing microbial communities has evolved rapidly over the past decades. To evaluate more traditional, as well as newer methodologies for DNA library preparation and sequencing, we compared fosmid, short-insert shotgun and 454 pyrosequencing libraries prepared from the same metagenomic DNA samples. GC content was elevated in all fosmid libraries, compared with shotgun and 454 libraries. Taxonomic composition of the different libraries suggested that this was caused by a relative underrepresentation of dominant taxonomic groups with low GC content, notably Prochlorales and the SAR11 cluster, in fosmid libraries. While these abundant taxa had a large impact on library representation, we also observed a positive correlation between taxon GC content and fosmid library representation in other low-GC taxa, suggesting a general trend. Analysis of gene category representation in different libraries indicated that the functional composition of a library was largely a reflection of its taxonomic composition, and no additional systematic biases against particular functional categories were detected at the level of sequencing depth in our samples. Another important but less predictable factor influencing the apparent taxonomic and functional library composition was the read length afforded by the different sequencing technologies. Our comparisons and analyses provide a detailed perspective on the influence of library type on the recovery of microbial taxa in metagenomic libraries and underscore the different uses and utilities of more traditional, as well as contemporary ‘next-generation'' DNA library construction and sequencing technologies for exploring the genomics of the natural microbial world.     

宏基因组文库技术获得聚酮化合物

聚酮化合物是一类重要的具有生物活性的次级代谢物。由于运用传统方法从自然界中直接筛选新型天然聚酮化合物的重现率很高, 近年来出现了很多开发新型聚酮化合物的新方法, 文章主要介绍通过环境宏基因组文库获得新聚酮类化合物的方法。     

生物多样性信息学:一个正在兴起的新方向及其关键技术

生物多样性科学和生物信息学是生命科学中两个极为重要也是十分活跃的交叉学科,生物多样性信息学则是目前正在兴起的一个新方向,基发展必将进一步深化信息技术在生物多样性研究中的应用。本文简要介绍了国内外该领域的主要目标与进展,讨论了有关的关键技术（如数据库间的互操作与数字图书馆）,并列出了两个原型系统（Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ２０００和ＧＢＩＦ）和其他相关系统的网址。     

一种构建基因组文库的改进方法

构建基因组文库是一项非常基础和重要的工作。但利用传统方法构建基因组文库存在操作步骤繁琐、背景高等问题。为了解决这些问题,对传统构建文库的方法进行了改进。由于Ear I位点经酶切后突出3个可变碱基,经过设计可使酶切后的两个粘端无法匹配,从而防止载体环化,所以用两个Ear I位点作为克隆位点。基因片段是通过用Sau3AI部分酶切基因组总DNA,并在部分酶切片段的3`凹端补一个碱基G获得,因此片段无法串连或环化。本实验构建了基于上述改进的ARS探针载体pHBM803/Trp,并分别用改进方法和传统方法构建水稻基因组文库进行比较。实验结果表明,经过上述两点改进可使文库质量大大提高。     

随机突变文库构建与筛选研究进展

定向进化是一个循环过程,在构建多样化基因序列和筛选功能基因变体之间交替进行。该技术目前已被广泛应用于DNA序列、基因功能和蛋白质结构的优化和分析。定向进化包括随机基因文库的生成、基因在合适宿主中的表达和突变文库的筛选。构建基因文库的关键是库容量和突变多样性,而筛选变体的关键是高灵敏度和高通量。文中讨论了定向进化技术的最新进展,这些新技术极大地加速和简化了传统的定向进化过程,为定向进化的发展注入了强劲动力。     

Establishing genomic tools and resources for Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.-the development of a library of expressed sequence tags, microsatellite loci, and the sequencing of its chloroplast genome

We present an EST library, chloroplast genome sequence, and nuclear microsatellite markers that were developed for the semi-domesticated oilseed crop noug (Guizotia abyssinica) from Ethiopia. The EST library consists of 25 711 Sanger reads, assembled into 17 538 contigs and singletons, of which 4781 were functionally annotated using the Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR). The age distribution of duplicated genes in the EST library shows evidence of two paleopolyploidizations—a pattern that noug shares with several other species in the Heliantheae tribe (Compositae family). From the EST library, we selected 43 microsatellites and then designed and tested primers for their amplification. The number of microsatellite alleles varied between 2 and 10 (average 4.67), and the average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.49 and 0.54, respectively. The chloroplast genome was sequenced de novo using Illumina’s sequencing technology and completed with traditional Sanger sequencing. No large re-arrangements were found between the noug and sunflower chloroplast genomes, but 1.4% of sites have indels and 1.8% show sequence divergence between the two species. We identified 34 tRNAs, 4 rRNA sequences, and 80 coding sequences, including one region (trnH-psbA) with 15% sequence divergence between noug and sunflower that may be particularly useful for phylogeographic studies in noug and its wild relatives.