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1.
在温室中建立模拟的秋茄湿地系统,对照组用人工海水,其余组分别用3种不同浓度的人工污水定时定量对模拟系统进行灌溉,持续1年。结果表明污水影响植物根系的发,胚轴、茎和叶片的形态结构相应发生变化,这些变化应该是秋茄幼苗为适应污染而主动产生的,因此其抗污性较强。 相似文献
2.
人工污水对秋茄幼苗形态及解剖构造的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在温室中建立模拟的秋茄湿地系统 ,对照组用人工海水 ,其余组分别用 3种不同浓度的人工污水定时定量对模拟系统进行灌溉 ,持续 1年。结果表明污水影响植物根系的发育 ,胚轴、茎和叶片的形态结构相应发生变化 ,这些变化应该是秋茄幼苗为适应污染物而主动产生的 ,因此其抗污性较强。 相似文献
3.
白骨壤模拟湿地系统中氮的分配、循环及其净化效应 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
在温室中建立红树林植物白骨壤模拟湿地系统 ,分别用正常、5倍和 10倍浓度的人工配置的城市污水每周定时定量对模拟系统污灌 2次 ,用海水作对照 ,持续 1年。研究营养污染物氮在系统中的分配、循环及被净化的效果。结果表明 ,随污水处理浓度的升高 ,被更换的潮汐水中的含氮量和土壤含氮量都有较大提高 ;植物体各部分含氮量的高低顺序排列为叶 >茎>根 ;各处理组植物中氮元素的周转期依次为 4 81年、5 81年、4 5 8年和 5 86年 ;模拟系统对污水中氮的净化效果显著。 相似文献
4.
在温室中建立红树林植物白骨壤模拟湿地系统,分别用正常(C1)、5倍(C5)和10倍(C10)3种人工配置的不同浓度的污水每周定时定量对模拟系统污灌1年,研究重金属Cd的分布、迁移以及系统对Cd污染的净化效果.结果表明,由人工污水加入系统中的Cd主要存留在土壤子系统中(8767%~9674%),只有很少部分迁移到植物体和凋落物中,约占总加入量的0.43%~3.23%;白骨壤植物各器官中Cd含量在根中最高;模拟系统对污水中Cd的净化效果显著,在植物 土壤系统中,正常、5倍和10倍浓度组的净化率分别为90.43%、97.17%和97.06%,在无植物系统中,对应组分别为93.29%、93.10%和90.54%. 相似文献
5.
白骨壤模拟湿地系统中Pb的分布、迁移及其净化效应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在温室中建立红树林植物白骨壤模拟湿地系统,分别用正常(NW)、5倍(FW)和10倍(TW)浓度人工配置的城市污水每周定时定量对模拟系统污灌2次,用海水作对照(CL),持续1年。研究重金属Pb在湿地系统中的分布、迁移及其被净化的效果。结果表明:加入系统中的Pb主要存留于土壤子系统中,很少迁移到植物体和凋落物中:植物各器官中的Pb含量在根中最高;模拟系统对重金属。Pb的净化效果显著,各污水处理组分别为:NW组97.97%、FW组97.86%、TW组98.06%。根据物质平衡模型计算得土壤子系统。Pb的环境容量较大,因此整个模拟系统对Pb污染的承受力较大。 相似文献
6.
锌在红树植物白骨壤-土壤系统中的分布与迁移 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
河口海湾沉积物中锌的污染已对水生生物构成了潜在的威胁.本研究在温室中建立红树植物白骨壤的模拟湿地系统,分别用不同浓度的人工配置污水和人工海水(对照)每周定时、定量地对模拟湿地系统进行为期1年的污灌试验,研究污水中的重金属锌在红树植物白骨壤-土壤系统中的分布、累积与迁移规律.结果表明,由人工污水加入模拟系统中的锌主要存留在土壤中(大于67%),只有一小部分(1.24%~10.4%)迁移到植物体和凋落物中,即白骨壤-土壤系统对生活污水中的锌具有较强的净化作用.根据物质平衡模型进行的计算表明,土壤子系统中锌的环境容量较大. 相似文献
7.
白骨壤模拟湿地系统中磷的分配循环及其净化效应 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
在温室中建立红树林植物白骨壤模拟湿地系统 ,分别用正常、5倍和 10倍 3种不同浓度的人工配置的污水每周定时定量对模拟系统进行污灌 1a。研究营养污染物 P在系统中的分配、循环及其被净化的效果。结果表明 :随污水处理浓度的升高 ,被更换的潮汐水中的含 P量和土壤含 P量都有明显提高 ;植物体各部分含 P量的高低顺序排列为 :叶 >茎 >根 ;在植物 -土壤系统中4个组分 CA0 、CA1 、CA5和 CA1 0 植物中 P元素的周转期依次为 4 .70 a、4 .6 1a、3.80 a和 5 .4 4 a;模拟植物 -土壤系统对污水中 P的净化效果显著 ,CA1 、CA5和 CA1 0 组的净化率分别为 81.2 3%、94 .4 0 %和 95 .6 3%。 相似文献
8.
模拟湿地系统中土壤氮磷释放的动态研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
温室中建立模拟湿地系统,定期定量用人工污水灌溉1a,取污灌土壤测定其所含营养元素,以研究其释放动态.结果显示,P元素释放的快速反应于浸提1h基本达到平衡,缓慢过程则达到平衡所需的应在浸提24h以上.N的解吸与吸附平衡过程也可用P素释放的快速反应和缓慢过程来解释.持续1a的排污并未造成土壤中N、P行为的显著改变,也即土壤对人工污水的承受力较大. 相似文献
9.
几种红树植物模拟湿地系统对污水中重金属的净化效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《生态科学》2017,(5)
在温室中建立无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、无瓣海桑+木榄(S.apetala+B.gymnorrhiza)、无瓣海桑+秋茄(S.apetala+K.candel)、无瓣海桑+桐花树(S.apetala+A.corniculatum)等7种模拟湿地系统,用正常浓度污水(SW)、5倍浓度污水(FW)和10倍浓度污水(TW)3种人工配制的生活污水分别对7种模拟湿地系统进行污灌6个月。结果发现:7种人工模拟湿地生态系统对污水中重金属的净化率与红树植物种类以及污水中重金属浓度有关。当灌正常浓度污水时,7种人工模拟湿地生态系统对Pb和Mn的总净化率以无瓣海桑+秋茄最大,对Cu的总净化率以桐花树最大,对Zn和Cd的总净化率以无瓣海桑+桐花树最大。当灌5倍浓度污水时,7种人工模拟湿地生态系统对Pb总净化率以无瓣海桑+桐花树最大,对Cu和Cd总净化率以无瓣海桑+秋茄最大,对Zn和Mn总净化率以无瓣海桑+木榄最大。当灌10倍浓度污水时,7种人工模拟湿地生态系统对Pb、Mn的总净化率以无瓣海桑+秋茄最大,对Cu的总净化率以秋茄最大,对Zn的总净化率以无瓣海桑+木榄最大,对Cd总净化率以无瓣海桑最大。重金属有95%以上是积累在土壤中,表明土壤子系统是人工模拟湿地系统净化的主体。 相似文献
10.
人工含油废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在玻璃网室中建立秋茄模拟湿地,分别用不同浓度的人工含油废水进行为期一年的每周两次定期排放,对照组(CL)用盐度15‰的人工海水。人工含油废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响如下:200mg·L-1、400mg·L-1和800mg·L-1组的部分植株出现叶尖卷曲、叶缘有褐色斑点、叶片失绿等受害症状,800mg·L-1组植株的受害症状出现的时间最早而且个体数最多;较高浓度的含油废水导致秋茄幼苗个体死亡,200mg·L-1、400mg·L-1和800mg·L-1组的存活率依次为95.9%、85.2%和59.2%。50mg·L-1含油废水对秋茄幼苗的生长有促进作用,表现为生物量、茎高和茎径的年增长量极显著高于对照组;100mg·L-1和200mg·L-1含油废水对秋茄幼苗的生长无明显不良影响,表现为200mg·L-1组生物量、茎高和茎径的年增长量与对照组比无显著差异,100mg·L-1组植株仅茎高年增长量显著高于对照组;较高浓度的含油废水则使秋茄幼苗生长受到显著抑制,表现为400mg·L-1组生物量和茎高的年增长量显著或极显著低于对照组,800mg·L-1组生物量、茎高和茎径的年增长量显著或极显著低于对照组。表明秋茄幼苗对低浓度含油废水有一定的 相似文献
11.
The effects of pH and temperature on orthophosphate removal by immobilized Chlorella vulgaris 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary When Chlorella vulgaris was immobilized in calcium alginate beads, it removed more than 90% phosphate (10mg P/L) added to artificial wastewater at pH 3 to 9 and from 10 to 30°C. Free cells, however, only removed 40–60% of added phosphate at low pH (3–5) and at 10°C. Immobilized C. vulgaris is shown to have great potentialities for removing phosphate from low pH wastewater and at low temperature. 相似文献
12.
Abundance and seasonal dynamics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), in general, and of extreme halophilic SRB (belonging to Desulfocella halophila) in particular, were examined in highly saline industrial wastewater evaporation ponds over a forty one month period. Industrial wastewater was sampled and the presence of SRB was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with a set of primers designed to amplify the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrA) gene. SRB displayed higher abundance during the summer (106–108 targets ml-1) and lower abundance from the autumn-spring (103–105 targets ml-1). However, addition of concentrated dissolved organic matter into the evaporation ponds during winter immediately resulted in a proliferation of SRB, despite the lower wastewater temperature (12–14°C). These results indicate that the qPCR approach can be used for rapid measurement of SRB to provide valuable information about the abundance of SRB in harsh environments, such as highly saline industrial wastewaters. Low level of H2S has been maintained over five years, which indicates a possible inhibition of SRB activity, following artificial salination (≈16% w/v of NaCl) of wastewater evaporation ponds, despite SRB reproduction being detected by qPCR. 相似文献
13.
Challenge of psychrophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
Psychrophilic anaerobic treatment is an attractive option for wastewaters that are discharged at moderate to low temperature. The expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor has been shown to be a feasible system for anaerobic treatment of mainly soluble and pre-acidified wastewater at temperatures of 5--10 degrees C. An organic loading rate (OLR) of 10--12 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) per cubic meter reactor per day can be achieved at 10--12 degrees C with a removal efficiency of 90%. Further improvement might be obtained by a two-module system in series. Stabile methanogenesis was observed at temperatures as low as 4--5 degrees C. The specific activity of the mesophilic granular sludge was improved under psychrophilic conditions, which indicates that there was growth and enrichment of methanogens and acetogens in the anaerobic system. Anaerobic sewage treatment is a real challenge in moderate climates because sewage belongs to the 'complex' wastewater category and contains a high fraction of particulate COD. A two-step system consisting of either an anaerobic up-flow sludge bed (UASB) reactor combined with an EGSB reactor or an anaerobic filter (AF) combined with an anaerobic hybrid reactor (AH) is successful for anaerobic treatment of sewage at 13 degrees C with a total COD removal efficiency of 50% and 70%, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Azomonas agilis PY101 removed approximately >90% of Cd2+ from solution in continuous aerobic culture. After the unsteady state, approximately 5 days after inoculation, Cd2+ concentration in the artificial wastewater containing 1 mM CdCl2 remarkably decreased to below 92 to 96% of initial value during the growth of A. agilis PY101. A. agilis PY101 cells grown into the artificial wastewater actively uptaked Cd<2+ (from 2.37 to 6.28 mM/g dry weight cells) in the cell. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
15.
Dhiriti Roy Komi Hassan Raj Boopathy 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2010,37(10):1105-1110
The United States Marine Shrimp Farming Program (USMSFP) introduced a new technology for shrimp farming called recirculating
raceway system. This is a zero-water exchange system capable of producing high-density shrimp yields. However, this system
produces wastewater characterized by high levels of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate due to 40% protein diet for the shrimp at
a high density of 1,000 shrimp per square meter. The high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite (greater than 25 ppm) are
toxic to shrimp and cause high mortality. So treatment of this wastewater is imperative in order to make shrimp farming viable.
One simple method of treating high-nitrogen wastewater is the use of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). An SBR is a variation
of the activated sludge process, which accomplishes many treatment events in a single reactor. Removal of ammonia and nitrate
involved nitrification and denitrification reactions by operating the SBR aerobically and anaerobically in sequence. Initial
SBR operation successfully removed ammonia, but nitrate concentrations were too high because of carbon limitation in the shrimp
production wastewater. An optimization study revealed the optimum carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 10:1 for successful removal
of all nitrogen species from the wastewater. The SBR operated with a C:N ratio of 10:1 with the addition of molasses as carbon
source successfully removed 99% of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite from the shrimp aquaculture wastewater within 9 days of operation. 相似文献