云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州49例人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体不确定者的追踪研究

通过分析云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州(简称德宏州)2008~2011年49例采用蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）检测人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体结果为不确定的标本,对人群分布、WB条带特点、随访复检情况及抗体转归情况进行探讨,揭示WB中可能存在的问题及改善措施。研究对象均来自德宏州疾病预防控制中心艾滋病确证实验室,依据《全国艾滋病检测技术规范》（2009年修订版）中的抗体检测替代策略和WB确证标准进行检测。结果显示,2008~2011年WB检测的2 452份样本中,有2.00%（49/2 452）为HIV抗体不确定,人员构成以自愿咨询检测者所占比例最大,占26.53%。S/CO值从大到小均有分布,但S/CO值≥10的样本复检阳性率较高,为83.33% (5/6)。WB结果呈现12种不确定的条带模式,以p24和gp160为主,其余10种呈散在分布。49例HIV抗体不确定者有27例成功进行了随访复检,其中8例HIV抗体复检转为阳性,转阳率为29.63%（8/27）。处于感染窗口期、临床期的患者及处于某些特定生理时期的正常人群都可能出现HIV抗体不确定的结果,因此除对实验的各个环节严格进行质量控制及对出现不确定结果的受检者加强随访外,必要时应结合其他检测方法及流行病学调查辅助,从而作出准确诊断。     

用蛋白印迹确认实验检查"人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体不确定"结果的分析

目的 探讨蛋白印迹实验(WB)“人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体不确定”结果的特点、产生的原因、WB确认实验存在的问题及可能的改善措施。方法 归纳分析本实验室2004～2005年的WB检测结果为“HIV抗体不确定”者的人群分布特点、实验检测特点、受检者随访复检及抗体转归情况。结果 “HIV抗体不确定”者人员构成中相对健康的自愿咨询检测者、献血员以及孕产妇占50%,“HIV抗体不确定”者随访困难、复检率较低;WB实验存在假阳性、尤以P24带较为严重。结论 “HIV抗体不确定”结果与WB实验的假阳性有关,实验室应采取应对措施尽可能减少“HIV抗体不确定”及对结果进行准确解释。     

合肥市蜀山区206例艾滋病高危人群HIV、HCV感染情况调查

目的了解合肥市蜀山区艾滋病高危人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染情况,为艾滋病高危人群疾病防治工作提供依据。方法采集合肥市蜀山区206例艾滋病高危人群血清样本,分别运用金标法和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)进行HIV抗体、HCV抗体检测。HIV抗体筛查结果阳性或一阴一阳标本再经蛋白印迹法(WB)确证阳性为最终结果,并对结果和不同人群、年龄、性别的感染情况进行统计分析。结果在206份血清样本中检出HIV抗体阳性17例,阳性率为8.73%;检出HCV抗体阳性21例,阳性率10.19%。合并感染病例2例,占0.97%。结论检测结果提示,在高危人群中存在HIV/HCV流行和传播的风险,因此应持续加强高危人群的监测,有效阻止艾滋病和丙型肝炎的流行和蔓延。     

中国HIV阳性参比品库的建立以及HIV不同生物标志物的意义

为建立HIV阳性样品库并分析HIV不同生物标志物的意义,从我国不同地区以及不同人群中收集HIV感染者或可疑感染者血浆,对其进行HIV抗体、抗原、核酸以及基因型的检测,并用WB试剂对其进行抗体的确认检测。结果显示,该样品库共有样品190份,均为HIV阳性,含有我国流行的主要基因型,即B′、BC、AE和B亚型;HIV抗体S/CO值小于10者占11.1%,在10~15之间者占63.2%,大于15的占25.8%;病毒载量在50~103copies/mL者占7.9%,在103~105copies/mL者占82.2%,大于105copies/mL者占10.0%。而且抗体S/CO值大于10者,均为HIV抗体确认阳性,小于10者仅有61.9%为抗体确认阳性,但核酸均大于50copies/mL,而且抗体不确定样品的病毒载量均大于105copies/mL,但抗体不确定的8份样品中仅有4份样品为P24抗原阳性。结果提示该样品库样品来自于HIV感染的不同时期,可用于对HIV的不同试剂进行评价;而且核酸的检测可有助于对HIV早期感染的明确诊断。     

2017至2022年太原市HIV抗体不确定及后续随访阳转样本WB条带及流行病学因素分析

摘要 目的：探究HIV抗体不确定及后续随访阳转样本的WB条带和流行病学特征。方法：对太原市范围内2017年至2022年监测到的790份HIV抗体不确定及71例后续随访阳性人员的WB条带和流行病学信息进行分析。结果：（1）HIV抗体不确定样本主要来自医院、血液中心和自愿咨询与检测（VCT）机构,占比84.47%;阳转样本主要来自医院和VCT,占88.73%;不确定人群中的性病门诊就诊者和VCT人群阳转率最高,分别为50%、25.49%。（2）不确定和阳转样本以20-40周岁人员为主,占53.8%;不确定人群中的20-30岁阳转率最高,占15.57%。（3）不确定样本在学历、性别方面无明显差异,但阳转样本男性占比远高于女性、高学历人群相对较高。（4）不确定样本以已婚、无高危行为、就业人群为主,阳转样本以具有未婚、离异、丧偶、阳性配偶、男男同性恋（MSM）、学生、无业或待业等特点人群为主。（5）不确定样本条带以P24和P17条带和带型为主,阳转样本条带以P24和P17为主,以含有P24和gP160条带的带型为主。结论：不确定样本中具有性病门诊就诊者、VCT、MSM、20-30岁、未婚、无业等流行病学因素和具有P24或gP160条带等特点的样本后续阳转可能性较大,应以上述人群为防控干预重点,重点加强具有上述特点不确定样本的个案跟踪和随访检测。     

Dot-ELISA法检测血液及唾液HIV抗体的应用评价

评价人类免疫缺陷病毒1+2型抗体检测试剂盒(Dot-ELISA法)检测血清和唾液样本的临床性能。采用对照试验研究,选取背景清晰的研究对象200例,采集同一研究对象的血清和唾液样本,应用万泰生物药业公司生产的人类免疫缺陷病毒1+2型抗体检测试剂盒作为考核试剂,法国生物梅里埃公司生产的人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体诊断试剂盒(ELISA法)作为参考试剂,考核试剂检测结果与参考试剂及研究对象背景进行比较分析。考核试剂检测血清HIV抗体与参考试剂相比较,阳性符合率100%,阴性符合率100%,总符合率100%,Kappa值1.00,一致性为最强;考核试剂检测唾液HIV抗体与参考试剂检测结果相比较,阳性符合率98.78%,阴性符合率100%,总符合率99.50%,Kappa值0.99,一致性为最强。Dot-ELISA法人类免疫缺陷病毒1+2型抗体检测试剂盒对血清及唾液样本检测性能优越,适合HIV抗体快速筛查。     

四种丙型肝炎病毒抗体试剂检测方法的性能评估

对血液筛查的四种丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗体试剂检测方法的性能进行评估。方法采用协作标定方式,应用四种检测方法(间接ELISA法、双抗原夹心ELISA法、间接CLIA法、双抗原夹心CLIA法)16种HCV抗体试剂,对经确证筛选出的70份(HCV抗体阳性35份、阴性35份)血浆样本进行检测,通过分析阳性、阴性符合率,评估四种方法 HCV抗体试剂的性能。结果间接ELISA法试剂检测阳性符合率为88.6%(31/35)~94.3%(33/35),双抗原夹心ELISA法、间接CLIA法、双抗原夹心CLIA法试剂检测阳性符合率为91.4%(32/35)~94.3%(33/35),四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂阳性符合率之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);间接ELISA法和间接CLIA法试剂弱阳性样本检出率为11.4%(4/35)~31.4%(11/35),双抗原夹心ELISA法和双抗原夹心CLIA法试剂弱阳性样本检出率为5.7%(2/35)~11.4%(4/35),四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂对弱阳性样本的检出率之间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);间接ELISA法试剂检测阴性符合率分别为94.3%(33/35)~100%(35/35),间接CLIA法试剂阴性符合率分别为94.3%(33/35)~97.1%(34/35),双抗原夹心ELISA法和双抗原夹心CLIA法试剂阴性符合率均为97.1%(34/35),四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂阴性符合率之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论四种检测方法 HCV抗体试剂的性能基本一致,不同方法各有优缺点,建议应用多种检测方法对弱阳性样本进行确认检测。     

血源肝炎病毒筛查试验结果的分析

目的 探讨血筛酶免疫试剂的质量以及2次化验试剂的合理搭配,最大限度地避免漏检和减少假阳性。方法 对随机抽取的73份HBsAg和99份抗-HCV检测不合格的献血标本分别采用与常规筛查相同的2种进口试剂和另1种国产酶免试剂进行复检,并对复检中至少1种试剂为反应性的标本进行HBsAg中和试验或抗-HCV重组免疫印迹试验确证。结果 73份HBsAg不合格标本中,20份确证阳性,11份可疑,42份阴性;99份抗-HCV不合格标本中,29份确证阳性,70份阴性。针对研究范围内特定的标本,进口试剂的漏检率可达13.79%～27.59%,且也存在不同程度的假阳性。2种进口试剂间检测结果互补,而国产试剂无法查出进口试剂的漏检。结论 无论是进口还是国产血筛酶免试剂,都存在不同程度的漏检和假阳性情况,应选择2种检测结果互补的试剂对血液进行筛查,以保障血液安全。     

丙型肝炎病毒不同标志物检测结果的相关性分析

目的分析丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)抗原、抗体及核酸标志物实验室检测结果之间的关联性,评价适合血源筛查与早期临床确诊联合检测HCV感染的实验室诊断技术。方法用HCV RNA定量试剂、HCV核心抗原试剂及HCV抗体试剂分别检测304份血浆样本中HCV RNA载量、HCV Ag和抗-HCV指标,并对HCV RNA阳性样本进行基因分型。结果在304份血浆样本中,检出HCV RNA阳性样本87份,其HCV RNA载量≥500 IU/m L、500~30 IU/m L之间和<30 IU/m L时,血清学标志物HCV Ag浓度≥3 fmol/L及抗-HCV信号值/判断值≥1的阳性率分别为92.0%(23/25):96.0%(24/25)、58.8%(10/17):82.3%(14/17)及11.1%(5/45):75.6%(34/45),HCV RNA载量低于基因分型试剂盒LOD要求为500 IU/m L时,基因分型检测率为24.2%(15/62)。HCV RNA阴性样本217份中,HCV Ag浓度≥3 fmol/L和抗-HCV信号值/判断值≥1的样本阳性率分别为3.2%(7/217)和32.7%(71/217)。血清学指标在不同HCV RNA载量的阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ2=197.4,P<0.01),HCV RNA载量与HCV Ag和抗-HCV水平成正相关。结论在中国人群中存在低HCV RNA水平携带者,HCV Ag和基因分型检测能力需要进一步提高。     

EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体检测试剂参考品的建立

目的 建立EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体检测试剂国家参考品并制定质量标准。方法 收集并筛选EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体阳性和阴性血浆样本,建立EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体检测试剂国家参考品并进行均匀性和稳定性研究,经10个实验室的协助标定,确定参考品的质量标准。结果 建立的EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体检测试剂国家参考品包括阳性参考品6份、阴性参考品10份、重复性参考品1份和检测限参考品3份。参考品均匀性变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)为3.1%,满足行业标准CV≤15.0%的要求;2～8℃放置7 d、室温放置3 d和反复冻融3次对参考品均无影响。质量标准为：阳性符合率应≥4/6,阴性符合率应为10/10,重复性(2个浓度水平)的检测结果应均为阳性且CV均≤15.0%,检测限参考品L1应为阳性,L2～L3不作要求。结论 建立的EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体检测试剂国家参考品可用于相关试剂研发的质量控制及评价。     

Prevalence of HIV Indeterminate Western Blot Tests and Follow-up of HIV Antibody Sero-Conversion in Southeastern China

HIV-indeterminate Western blotting(WB) results are typically obtained in WB confirmatory assays, and the number of indeterminate samples may increase with the detection of HIV infections, which will present considerable challenges for the management of HIV/AIDS. Nucleic acid detection has been used as a laboratory test for screening suspected or indeterminate samples. However, the effectiveness of these assays for the differential diagnosis of HIV-indeterminate WB samples remained undetermined. In this study, 210 subjects with HIV-indeterminate WB results were detected from 6360 positive HIV screening samples between 2015 and 2016 in southeastern China, in which HIV-indeterminate WB results accounted for 3.30%. The highest proportion of indeterminate results was observed in pregnant and lying-in women receiving physical examinations(16.67%), followed by that in voluntary blood donors(8.82%). The most common WB band patterns were p24, gp160 and p24, and gp160. The follow-up study revealed that the highest negative and positive conversion rates of HIV antibodies were in samples with a single p24 band(80.28%), and with gp160 and p24 bands(86.21%), respectively. Among the Env, Gag, and Pol antibodies, samples with a Gag band showed the highest negative conversion rate(81.25%), whereas the highest positive conversion rate was observed in samples with an Env band(56.76%). In addition, quantitative and qualitative HIV nucleic acid testing exhibited the highest sensitivity(96.3%) and specificity(97.85%), respectively. Our results indicate a lower proportion of HIV indeterminate WB results in southeastern China compared to previous reports, and the follow-up re-examination of patients with HIV indeterminate results should be performed. Nucleic acid testing facilitates the identification of HIV infections.     

核酸定量检测试验应用于HIV-1感染实验室诊断的探讨

目的:探讨核酸定量检测在HIV-1感染实验室诊断中的应用。方法:选取145例第四代抗原/抗体联合诊断筛查试验为阳性反应的血浆样本,分别用Western印迹和HIV-1核酸定量方法进行检测,综合对比分析2种方法检测结果。结果:Western印迹检出阳性样本120例,不确定样本17例,阴性样本8例;HIV-1核酸定量试验检出结果大于检测限样本131例,其中包括12例Western印迹不确定样本、2例Western印迹阴性样本;有3例Western印迹阳性样本用HIV-1核酸定量检测试验未能检出。结论:核酸定量检测试验对于HIV-1感染阳性样本是一种有效的实验室诊断方法;对HIV-1核酸定量检测结果为"TND"的样本,建议加做Western印迹或结合其他补充试验结果进行综合诊断。     

The Implementation and Appraisal of a Novel Confirmatory HIV-1 Testing Algorithm in the Microbicides Development Programme 301 Trial (MDP301)

We describe the application of a novel HIV confirmatory testing algorithm to determine the primary efficacy endpoint in a large Phase III microbicide trial. 9385 women were enrolled between 2005 and 2009. Of these women, 537 (6%) had at least one positive HIV rapid test after enrolment. This triggered the use of the algorithm which made use of archived serum and Buffy Coat samples. The overall sample set was >95% complete. 419 (78%) of the rapid test positive samples were confirmed as primary endpoints using a combination of assays for the detection of HIV-specific antibodies (EIA''s and Western Blot), and for components of the virus itself (PCR for the detection of nucleic acids and EIA for p24 antigen). 63 (12%) cases were confirmed as being HIV-positive at screening or enrolment and 55 (10%) were confirmed as HIV negative. The testing algorithm confirmed the endpoint at the same visit as that of the first positive rapid test in 90% of cases and at the time of the preceding visit in 10% of cases. Of the 63 cases which were subsequently confirmed to be HIV-1 positive at or before enrolment, 54 specimens contained no detectable HIV antibodies at screening or enrolment. However, 43 were positive using an EIA which detects both HIV antigen and antibody and also had a positive p24 antigen or HIV PCR test, which was highly suggestive of acute infection. There were 6 unusual cases which had undetectable HIV-1 DNA or RNA. In 4 of the 6 cases the presence of HIV-1-specific antibodies was confirmed by Western Blot. One of these cases with an indeterminate Western Blot was a previous vaccine trial participant. The algorithm served the objectives of the study well and can be recommended for use in determining HIV as an endpoint in clinical trials.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN.org ISRCTN 64716212     

Borna disease virus: evidence of naturally-occurring infection in cats in Australia

In Europe, Borna disease virus (BDV) infection has been linked with staggering disease. The aim of this study was serological investigation for BDV infection in Australian cats. De-identified sera were obtained from domestic cats presented at various veterinary clinics. BDV antigen levels were measured by a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. Antibody to BDV measured semiquantitatively by ELISA was detected in 0.8% of cats from South Australia and 3.2% of animals from NSW Confirmatory assays for ELISA positive samples included Western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with BDV-specific staining. Seven BDV-antigen positive sera (2.4%) were identified in sera from cats from New South Wales (NSW). In blinded testing, amongst a large number of negative results, repeat submissions over a seven-month period from a cat co-infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) were BDV-antigen positive. Anti-BDV antibody detected in this cat by ELISA was confirmed by Western blot (p24/ p40/p56) and IFA. For 4 other anti-BDV ELISA-positive samples, specific reactions with BDV proteins were observed by Western blot. Ten other anti-BDV ELISA-positive samples were IFA positive. These data provide consistent serological evidence that, while horses in Australia are free of BDV infection, there may be a low rate of BDV infection in cats.     

应用斑点金免疫渗滤试验快速同步检测抗HIV-1，HIV-2 IgG抗体

应用斑点金免疫渗滤试验(dotimmunogoldfiltrationassay,DIGFA)建立了一种同步快速检测四种抗HIV-1/2IgG抗体的HIV诊断试纸。通过基因工程技术在大肠杆菌中表达了5种HIV抗原蛋白片段(P24,GP41,GP36,GP120V3,GP120C)。这5种抗原蛋白首先被固定在硝酸纤维素膜上,然后滴加待测血清,其中的病毒抗体通过免疫反应与抗原结合,再加胶体金标记的葡萄球菌蛋白A(SPA),待其渗过膜片后,洗涤,即可形成肉眼可见的红色斑点。用已确证的21份HIV阳性血清(其中包括1份HIV-1标准阳性血清和1份HIV-2标准阳性血清)和30份阴性血清进行了试验,结果表明该快速检测方法与ELISA方法无显著差异。该检测方法不需任何仪器,仅凭肉眼即可判定结果,整个检测过程不超过5分钟。与传统的的ELISA法相比,具有方便快速,成本低廉,应用范围广等优点。同时,此HIV快速诊断试纸可以同步检测并区分针对HIV-1和HIV-2感染的不同检测标志物(抗P24、GP41、GP120和GP36抗体),这对提高快速检测的灵敏度和准确性,以及对判断HIV感染者是否临近或已进入AIDS期有着较高的应用价值。     

Immunochemical assessment of mycotoxins in 1989 grain foods: evidence for deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) contamination.

To assess the potential for mycotoxin contamination of the human food supply following the 1988 U.S. drought, 92 grain food samples were purchased from retail outlets in the summer of 1989 and surveyed for aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol (DON [vomitoxin]) by monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only one sample (buckwheat flour) was found to contain aflatoxin B1 (12 ng/g), whereas zearalenone was found in 26% of the samples at a mean concentration of 19 ng/g. In contrast, the DON ELISA was positive in 50% of the samples at a detection level of 1.0 micrograms/g. Between 63 and 88% of corn cereals, wheat flour/muffin mixes, rice cereals, and corn meal/muffin mixes yielded positive results for DON, whereas 25 to 50% of oat cereals, wheat- and oat-based cookies/crackers, corn chips, popcorn, and mixed-grain cereals were positive for DON. The mean DON content of the positive samples was 4.0 micrograms/g, and the minimum and maximum levels were 1.2 and 19 micrograms/g, respectively. When positive ELISA samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, a strong correlation between the two methods was found. The presence of DON in the two highest samples, corn meal and mixed-grain cereal, which contained 19 and 16 micrograms/g, respectively, was quantitatively confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that DON was present in 1989 retail food products at concentrations that exceeded those found in previous market surveys and that have been experimentally associated with impaired animal health.     

Immunochemical assessment of mycotoxins in 1989 grain foods: evidence for deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) contamination

To assess the potential for mycotoxin contamination of the human food supply following the 1988 U.S. drought, 92 grain food samples were purchased from retail outlets in the summer of 1989 and surveyed for aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol (DON [vomitoxin]) by monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Only one sample (buckwheat flour) was found to contain aflatoxin B1 (12 ng/g), whereas zearalenone was found in 26% of the samples at a mean concentration of 19 ng/g. In contrast, the DON ELISA was positive in 50% of the samples at a detection level of 1.0 micrograms/g. Between 63 and 88% of corn cereals, wheat flour/muffin mixes, rice cereals, and corn meal/muffin mixes yielded positive results for DON, whereas 25 to 50% of oat cereals, wheat- and oat-based cookies/crackers, corn chips, popcorn, and mixed-grain cereals were positive for DON. The mean DON content of the positive samples was 4.0 micrograms/g, and the minimum and maximum levels were 1.2 and 19 micrograms/g, respectively. When positive ELISA samples were also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, a strong correlation between the two methods was found. The presence of DON in the two highest samples, corn meal and mixed-grain cereal, which contained 19 and 16 micrograms/g, respectively, was quantitatively confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that DON was present in 1989 retail food products at concentrations that exceeded those found in previous market surveys and that have been experimentally associated with impaired animal health.     

Detection of antibodies to HIV in homologous sets of plasma, urine and oral mucosal transudate samples using rapid assays in Tanzania

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercially available anti-HIV assays when testing plasma, urine and oral mucosal transudate (OMT) samples for the presence of antibodies to HIV. Homologous sets of plasma, urine and oral mucosal transudate specimens were collected from 288 hospitalized patients in northern Tanzania and tested for antibodies to HIV using a routine enzyme immunoassay (Recombinant 3rd Generation EIA, Abbott) and two rapid assays (Testpack HIV-1/HIV-2; Abbott and SUDS HIV-1, Murex). Incubation times and/or sample volumes when testing OMT or urine were increased as compared to those recommended for plasma. The corresponding plasma specimens from all repeatedly reactive samples and samples presenting discordant results were subjected to confirmational testing by an HIV-1/2 Western blot. A total of 15.3% (44/288) of the plasma samples were anti-HIV-1 positive by Western blot. The sensitivity using plasma was 100% by all assays, 69.7-97.7% using urine, and 92.7-100% using oral transudate specimens. The sensitivity of both rapid assays was excellent and higher than the EIA when testing OMT. Specificities ranged from 98.8-100% for plasma, 99-100% for urine and were 100% by all assays using oral samples. The results obtained using oral mucosal transudate specimens and rapid assays were at least comparable to those obtained with plasma, while the use of urine specimens produced suboptimal sensitivities with two of the three assays. The testing of alternative body fluids for antibodies to HIV is yet another strategy that may be applicable, particularly in developing countries.     

免疫荧光检测HIV—1抗体方法的建立和应用

免疫荧光法检测HIV抗体是确认HIV感染的方法之一［l］,与蛋白印迹法相比,它的特异性更高,易于鉴别非特异反应,更为经济、快速、容易操作。为了拥有更多的HIV抗体检测手段,我们用感染和未感染HIV－l的HeLaCD“细胞制备抗原片,建立了免疫荧光检测HIV抗体的方法,并进行了初步应用。材料和方法1细胞和病毒HeLaCD4”细胞,引自美国BruceChesebro博士的实验室,用含10％热灭活小牛血清的RPMI1640培养基培养和传代。HIV－l株引自美国。2血清艾滋诊断试剂国家参比品,批号9602Z16份经蛋白印迹确认的HIV抗体阳性血清;10份健康…     

Comparison of five PCR assays for detecting Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA

We compared five different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA using highly purified elementary bodies (EBs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors. The primers were as follows; two targeting the 16S rRNA gene, one targeting the ompA gene, one targeting the Pst-I gene, and one targeting the 53 kDa outer membrane protein gene. The 16S rRNA touchdown enzyme time release (TETR) PCR, the ompA nested PCR and the 53 kDa nested PCR were the most sensitive assays and could detect one or more EB per assay. These three PCRs also had the same reproducibility, but the minimal amount of C. pneumoniae that could be reproducibly detected (10 of 10 testing positive) was 20 EBs. In a sample of specimens from healthy blood donors, we found 5 of 77 (6.5%) PBMCs specimens to have C. pneumoniae DNA according to the nested ompA PCR. Specimens with the 16S rRNA TETR and 53 kDa nested assays were found to have C. pneumoniae DNA 7 of 77 (9.1%) and 18 of 77 (23.4%) specimens, respectively. The other two assays failed to detect even a single positive. However, the detection rate decreased with repeated testing of the same samples. Our newly designed 53 kDa nested PCR may be as useful as the other four recommended PCR assays and may be a more useful assay for the detection of C. pneumoniae DNA from PBMCs.