移植非洲爪蟾胚胎细胞核引起花背蟾蜍成熟卵单性发育的研究

将非洲爪蟾胚胎细胞核移入花背蟾蜍成熟未受精卵后,得到了发育至各期的胚胎。对发育不同的时期的胚胎,进行了乳酸脱氢酶同工酶谱及染色体组型分析,结果一显示其均与受体一致。根据实验分析认为,非洲爪蟾的胚胎细胞进入花背蟾蜍成熟卵后,引起的是花背蟾蜍的单性发育。     

一种快速检测启动子特异性的方法

非洲爪蟾的受精卵体积大,易于操作,与转基因鼠比较,转基因爪蟾操作更是快速、经济、简便,是一种深受欢迎的脊椎动物模型。利用绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的特性,与不同的基因启动子连接,并运用显微注射技术制备转基因蟾,根据GFP表达情况,可以初步判断启动子的特异性。     

白鲫（♀）×红鲫（♂）异源四倍体鱼的倍性操作及其生殖力的研究

采用热休克调控技术诱导出103尾第一代白鲫（♀）×红鲫（）异源四倍体鱼,并对其生殖力进行了研究。1或2龄的四倍体雄鱼能产生精子,而雌鱼不能产生正常的卵。将异源四倍体雄鱼与二倍体白鲫雌鱼交配产生倍间三倍体鱼,染色体检查证明是整三倍体（3N＝150）,但其受精率很低（11．4—51．3％,平均32．4％）．网箱养殖结果表明,倍间三倍体白鲫的生长速度比白鲫快30％以上,雌雄均不育．并用冷休克处理回收异源四倍体4N（）×白鲫2N（♀）受精卵的第二极体产生了新的四倍体鱼．文中还对第一代异源四倍体鱼的批量生产、生殖能力以及异源三倍体鱼的生产应用进行了讨论．     

非洲爪蟾基因MGC64236的克隆及初步分析

MGC64236基因是本实验室用脐静脉内皮细胞免疫的兔血清筛选非洲爪蟾cDNA文库而鉴定的一个功能未知的基因.本研究提取非洲爪蟾受精卵总RNA通过RT-PCR得到基因MGC64236的开放读码框651 bp、编码202个氨基酸;运用生物信息学研究工具进行分析,发现该基因编码的蛋白有3个潜在的跨膜域,有一保守的结构域DUF1370, 可能通过其胞内部分的磷酸化机制在介导细胞内外的信号转导中发挥重要作用;在非洲爪蟾胚胎各个发育时期用RT-PCR检测该基因的表达情况,发现在非洲爪蟾胚胎发育的几个重要时期该基因都有高表达,而在成体则特异地表达于脑和眼等神经组织;构建绿色荧光融合蛋白真核表达载体并转染HEK293细胞, 对MGC64236蛋白的亚细胞定位,发现MGC64236蛋白比较特异地表达在细胞膜.     

异源四倍体鲫鲤雌雄差异的RAPD标记

异源四倍体鲫鲤是从红鲫和湘江野鲤的杂交后代选育出来的,已经形成了一个遗传性状稳定的四倍体鱼新种群。用异源四倍体鲫鲤(雄性)和二倍体白鲫(雌性)生产的三倍体湘云鲫已经在全国推广应用。因此,如果能够了解异源四倍体鲫鲤的性别分化机制,人为地控制异源四倍体鲫鲤的性别分化,生产出大量的超雄鱼,这对于三倍体湘云鲫的产业化生产有重要的意义。刘少军等对异源四倍体鲫鲤的染色体组型进行了分析,并没有发现异源四倍体鲫鲤有明显的特化的性染色体,这说明通过细胞遗传学研究异源四倍体鲫鲤的性别遗传机制是有困难的。       

Sox1基因在爪蟾早期发育中的时空表达图式

克隆了非洲爪蟾的Sox1基因并研究了它在非洲爪蟾早期发育过程中的时空表达图式,比较了Sox1—3基因在发育的脑和眼中的表达图式。序列比对分析显示Sox1—3蛋白在其HMG框结构域具有高度的保守性。通过RT-PCR方法分析了Sox1基因在爪蟾早期不同发育时段的表达情况,结果显示Sox1基因从未受精卵到尾芽期均有表达,但表达强度有所差异。原位杂交结果显示,在早期卵裂阶段和囊胚期,Sox1基因主要在动物极表达;从神经板期开始,Sox1基因主要在中枢神经系统和眼原基中表达。在蝌蚪期,Sox1与Sox2、Sox3在脑部和眼睛的表达区域有所不同。对于爪蟾Sox1基因时空表达图式的研究将有助于阐明SoxB1基因家族在脊椎动物神经系统发生过程中的作用。     

罗氏沼虾四倍体诱导的研究

对罗氏沼虾卵子极体排出时间和第一次卵裂时间进行了观察,并在此基础上,采用热休克和细胞松弛素 B(C,B)两种诱导方法成功诱导出了罗氏沼虾四倍体。石蜡切片显示,当罗氏沼虾卵子完全成熟时,第一极体已经 排出。第二极体排出的时间约在受精后55min。经过雌性原核和雄性原核的联会,第一次卵裂的时间约在受精后 210-230min。设计了多种处理条件,其中热休克诱导罗氏沼虾四倍体的最好条件是:受精后210min,用40℃水温处 理胚胎1．5min,在这种条件下,最高可以得到35．86％的四倍体率;而C．B诱导罗氏沼虾四倍体的最好条件是:受精 后230min,用1．0mg/L的C．B处理胚胎10min,此时最高四倍体诱导率达33．78％。     

基于骨龄学分析的雌性宁陕齿突蟾寿命和世代时间的确定

采用骨龄学方法研究了雌性宁陕齿突蟾(Scutiger ningshanensis)的年龄、寿命和世代时间。研究结果表明,雌性宁陕齿突蟾的寿命至少可达8年,表明它是一种长寿命两栖动物。雌性宁陕齿突蟾的世代时间(性成熟年龄)为6年,其中蝌蚪期3年。本文得到的雌性宁陕齿突蟾世代时间为该种有效种群大小的估算、种群历史动态和历史生物地理学分析提供了理论依据。     

转青鱼生长激素基因异源四倍体鲫鲤

生态安全性是转基因鱼走向市场的瓶颈,通过转基因四倍体鱼同转基因二倍体鱼杂交获得不育的转基因三倍体鱼是解决该问题的有效途径之一.本研究构建了青鱼β-actin基因启动子和青鱼生长激素（GH）基因精确连接的＂全鱼＂基因pbcAbcGHc;并采用显微注射法将pbcAbcGHc导入异源四倍体鲫鲤受精卵.对照养殖结果表明,150日龄的转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤原代（P0）的体重及体长明显大于对照组.选择60尾P0代转基因异源四倍体鲫鲤,采用PCR方法检测出外源青鱼GH基因在P0代转基因四倍体尾鳍基因组DNA中的整合率为90%;对20尾雄性P0代转基因四倍体精液样本的PCR检测发现,13个样本具有外源青鱼GH基因的整合.在一尾生长速度显著的P0代转基因四倍体鲫鲤的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和卵巢组织中可检测到外源青鱼GH基因的转录.本研究成功获得了具有明显生长优势的P0代转青鱼GH基因异源四倍体鲫鲤,为建立转青鱼GH基因异源四倍体鲫鲤纯系和研制不育的转基因三倍体鱼奠定了基础.     

遗传背景对小鼠四倍体胚胎发育的影响

不同遗传背景的小鼠2-细胞期胚胎经过电融合后,胚胎的融合效率和四倍体胚胎的发育能力存在着一定的差异。本试验采用C57(C57×C57)、ICR(ICR×ICR)、BALB/c(BALB/c×BALB/c)、B6D2F2(B6D2F1×B6D2F1)、B6C3D2F2(B6C3F1×B6D2F1)品系的二倍体2-细胞期胚胎在相同的条件下经过电融合处理,结果表明:小鼠四倍体胚胎的获得效率受小鼠遗传背景的影响,远交系小鼠胚胎B6D2F2和B6C3D2F2的融合率显著高于近交系C57,ICR和BALB/c(P<0.05);四倍体胚胎在体外的发育情况也受其遗传背景的影响,在桑椹胚发育率和囊胚发育率上B6D2F2和B6C3D2F2品系的四倍体胚胎都显著高于C57和BALB/c品系的四倍体胚胎(P<0.05);杂合和纯系遗传背景的小鼠四倍体胚胎囊胚细胞数目相比具有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01);不同遗传背景的小鼠四倍体胚胎着床率间不存在显著差异(P>0.05);杂合背景的小鼠四倍体胚胎得到5只发育至13.5dpc(dayspostcoitum,dpc)的胎儿,纯合背景的小鼠四倍体胚胎得到0只发育至11dpc的胎儿。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.