国产毛茛属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究

研究了国产毛茛属Ranunculus L.11种及其4个近缘属——美花草属Callianthemum C．A．Meyer、 侧金盏花属Adonis L．、碱毛茛属Halerpestes E．Greene、水毛茛属Batrachium S．F．Gray 5种植物的染色体 数目和形态。发现美花草C.pimpinelloides(D．Don)Hook．f.et Thoms.、川滇毛茛R．potaninii Kom．、深 齿毛茛R．popovii var．stracheyanus(Maxim．)W．T. Wang、高原毛茛R．tanguticus(Maxim．)Ovcz．、石龙 芮R．sceleratus L．、西南毛茛R．ficariifolius Lévl．et Vant．、褐鞘毛茛R．sinovaginatus W．T. Wang、三裂碱毛茛H．tricuspis(Maxim．)Hand．-Mazz．和碱毛茛H．sarmentosa (Adams) Kom．9种植物为染色体基数x ＝8的四倍体(2n=4x＝32);短柱侧金盏花A．brevistyla Franch．、丝叶毛茛R．nematolobus Hand.-Mazz．、 棱喙毛茛R．trigonus Hand．-Mazz．、茴茴蒜R．chinensis Bunge 4种植物为染色体基数x＝8的二倍体(2n＝ 2x＝16);毛茛B．japonicus Thunb．、黄毛茛R．laetus Wall．2种植物为染色体基数x=7的二倍体(2n＝2x ＝14);水毛茛R．bungei (Steud．) L. Liou 有二倍体(2n＝2x=16)和三倍体(2n＝3x=24)两种细胞型。根 据染色体资料,讨论了上述5属的属间关系和毛茛属中一些种的种间关系。     

毛茛属五种植物的核型

对中国云南毛茛属（Ranunculus）5种植物核型进行研究,结果表明,毛茛组茴茴蒜（Ranunculus chinensis Bunge）和禺毛茛（R．cantoniensis DC．）核型公式为2n=2x=16=6m＋4sm＋6st和2n=4x=32：14m＋6sm＋12st;该组茴茴蒜、禺毛茛和扬子毛茛（R．sieboldii Miq．）的不同居群核型存在自西向东不对称系数渐增大现象。在美丽毛茛组中,深齿毛茛（R．pulchellusvar．stracheyanus Hand．-Mazz．）的中甸居群核型（2n=4x=32=12m＋12sin＋8st）与青海居群核型（2n：4x：32：24m＋8sm）明显不同;毛果高原毛茛（R．tangusticusvar．dasycarpus（Maxim．）L．Liou）染色体数目（2n=40）,核型公式（2n=5x=40=30m＋10sm）和纳帕海毛茛（R．napahaiensis W．T．Wang＆L．Liao）染色体数目（2n=40）,核型公式（2n=5x=40=20m＋16sin＋4st）为首次报道。     

中国蔷薇属6个种的染色体研究

本文对原产中国的蔷薇属6种植物(Rosa spp.)进行了染色体观察,其中1种(巨花蔷薇(Rosa gigantea(Crep)Rehd.et Wils.))为国家重点保护植物,2种(疏花蔷薇(R.laxa Retz.)、宽刺蔷薇(R.platyacantha Shrenk))为国内首次报道。观察结果如下:染色体数目为2n=2x=14或2n=3x=21,均为小型染色体(2.24—2.78μm),其中大部分长度接近,染色体长度之比小于2;属对称核型。文中讨论了一些种(变种)的染色体数目及核型。     

三种榉属植物染色体数目及核型分析

报道了我国3种榉属(Zelkova)植物核型。结果如下:大叶榉(Z.schneideriana Hand.-Mazz.)2n=2x=28=14m 14sm;光叶榉(Z.serrata(Thunb.)Makino)的核型公式为2n=2x=28=26m 2sm,1、2、3对染色体的短臂上有次缢痕存在;大果榉(Z.sinica Schneid)的核型公式为2n=2x=28=20m 8sm。     

九种报春花属植物的核形态学研究

对报春花属（Prinula)4个组9种植物进行了核形态学研究。这9个种的间期核构形均为复杂染色中心型,前期染色体属于中间型,体细胞有丝分裂中期染色体的数目及核型如下：中甸海水仙报表P.monticola(Hand.-Mazz.)Chen et C.M.Hu,K(2n)=16=12m 4sm;高穗花报春P.vialii Delavay ex Franch.,K(2n)=20=16m 2sm 2st;偏花报春P.secundiflora Franch.,K(2n)=22=18m 4sm;海仙花报春P.poissonii Fanch.,K(2n)=22=16m 6sm;霞红灯台报春P.beesiana Forr.,K(2n)=22=18m 4sm;桔红灯台报春P.bulleyana Forr., K(2n)=22=18m 4sm;橙红灯台报春P.aurantiaca W.W.Smith et Forr.,K(2n)=22=16m(sat) 6sm;粉被灯台报春P.pulverulenta Duthie,K(2n)=22=19m 2sm 1st;钟花报春P.sikkimensis Hook.,K(2n)=20=14m(1sat) 4sm 2T。其中,中甸海水仙报春和高穗花报春两种的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。同时,本文还将偏花报春与灯台组报春以及钟花组报春进行了细胞学的比较分析。     

珍珠菜属四种植物的核型分析

对珍珠菜属4种植物的核型进行了研究。结果表明,叶头过路黄(Lysimachia phyllocephala Hand.-Mazz.)的核型为:2n=2x=24=2m 6sm 2st 14t,茂汶过路黄(L. stellarioidesHand.-Mazz.)的核型为:2n=2x=24=4m 2sm 18t,均属首次报道。矮桃(L. clethroidesDuby)的核型为:2n=2x=24=16m 8sm(1SAT),腺药珍珠菜(L. stenosepala Hemsl.)的核型为:2n=2x=24=10m 12sm 2st,与前人报道的有所不同。还对该属已报道的23种植物的核型进行了比较。     

豆科三属八种植物的核型及rDNA定位研究

对豆科槐属的国槐(SophorajaponicaL.)、五叶槐(S.japonicaL.f.oligophyllaFranch.)、龙爪槐(S.japonicaL.f·pendulaLoud.)、黄金槐(S.xanthanthaC.Y.Ma.)(以上均为四倍体,2n=4x=28)、红花槐(S.rubrifloraTsoong.,2n=3x=21),刺槐属的刺槐(Robiniapseudoa-caciaL.,2n=2x=22)、毛洋槐(R.hispidaL.,2n=2x=30)和紫穗槐属的紫穗槐(AmorphafruticosaL.,2n=2x=40)核型进行了分析,并应用荧光原位杂交技术进行了45SrDNA的染色体定位。槐属4个四倍体种各具4个45SrDNA位点,位于两对染色体的着丝粒周围;红花槐,3个45SrDNA位点位于第5组染色体随体区域。刺槐,4个rDNA位点位于两对随体染色体端部;毛洋槐,8个rDNA位点,4个位于两对染色体的随体及次缢痕,另4个位于两对染色体着丝粒周围。紫穗槐,6个45SrDNA位点,分别位于3对染色体的着丝粒和随体。本文对rDNA作为染色体标记在核型分析中的应用及在基因组中的分布特点进行了讨论。     

国产12种乌头属和18种翠雀属植物的细胞学研究

研究了12种乌头属Aconitum L．和18种翠雀属Delphinium L．植物的染色体。在12种乌头属植物中,除粗花乌头A．crassiflorum为四倍体(2n=4x=32)外,其他种类都为二倍体(2n=2x＝16),中甸乌头 A.piepunense中有B染色体存在,牛扁亚属Aconitum subgen．Lycoctonum的二倍体植物与乌头亚属Aconitum subgen．Aconitum 植物的染色体在大小和形态上有明显区别;所有18种翠雀属植物都为二倍体(2n＝2x=16),其染色体在大小和形态上极为相似,但与乌头亚属的染色体易于区别。翠雀属植物的核型不对称性程度明显高于乌头属植物,因此从染色体证据来看,翠雀属要比乌头属进化。     

中国水韭属植物的染色体数目及其分类学意义

利用细胞学方法观察统计了中国4种水韭属Isoestes植物的染色体数目。结果发现4个种的染色体基数均为x=11,其中高寒水韭I．hypsophila Hand.-Mazz．为2n=22,为首次报道;台湾水韭 I．taiwanensis DeVol为2n=22;中华水韭I．sinensis Palmer 2n=44为四倍体;而产于云南贵州一带并一直被当作是宽叶水韭I．japonica A．Br．的水韭属植物2n=22,与文献报道的宽叶水韭(2n=66,67,77,87,88,89)完全不同,应重新予以认识和评价。依据本文和其他相关的研究结果,对东亚水韭属植物进行了分类处理。     

云南无量山四种报春花属植物的核型研究

研究了云南无量山报春花属(Primula)3组4种植物的核型。体细胞中期染色体的数目和核型分别为：波缘报春P.sinuata Franch,2n=2x=22-20m(2SAT)_ 2st,着丝点端化值(T．C．％)为57．51％;无葶脆蒴报春P.sinoexscapa C.M.Hu,2n=2x=22=20m 2sm,T.C.％值为57．78％;滇北球花报春P．denticulata ssp.sinodenticulata (Balf.F.et Forrest)W.W.Smith,2n=2x=22=20m(4SAT) 2st,T.C.%值为56.79%;光叶景东报春P.interjacens var.epilosa C.M.Hu,2n=2x=18=2m(2SAT) 6sm(4SAT) 10st,T.C.%值为67.47%。简要讨论了报春花属植物可能的染色体原始基数和3个组的染色体基数。     

Micropropagation of four Gentiana species (G. lutea, G. cruciata, G. purpurea and G. acaulis)

The growth of axillary shoots was initiated on nodal stem segments, excised from aseptically grown seedlings of Gentiana acaulis L., G. cruciata L., G. lutea L. and G. purpurea L. In later subcultures, a basal callus tissue developed on the shoots, giving rise to de novo formed buds. Optimum benzyladenine and indoleacetic acid combinations for shoot development were established. They were slightly different in the four species. From 35-70% of shoots rooted spontaneously, except in G. lutea, in which adventitious roots were induced by applying naphthaleneacetic acid. It was conduded that the four Gentiana species were amenable to propagation in vitro. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

胡葱与洋葱、葱亲缘关系初探

Allium ascalonicum L,在我国的邦名比较混乱,而且它与洋葱、葱的亲缘关系不清。作者认为,它在我国的邦名应规范为胡葱,同时,从性状比较的角度研究胡葱与洋葱、葱之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,胡葱的植物学特征和生物学特性介于洋葱和葱之间。     

栽培烟草的核型研究

研究了２种栽培烟草（普通烟草Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．和黄花烟草Ｎ．ｒｕｓｔｉｃａ Ｌ．）的六大栽培类型１０个品种的核型。结果表明：所有供试材料均为双二倍体。黄花烟草的‘黄花烟’品种的核型公式为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝４４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ。普通烟草９个品种的核型可简式为：‘白花铁杆’２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｔ;‘柳叶尖’２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝３４ｍ＋１０＋ｓ     

Taxonomical Revision of Some Species of Lunathyrium Koidzumi in N. E. Asia

This paper deals with some species of Lunathyrium Koidz. in N. E. Asia; including the eastern mountainous district of N. E. China; Far East Region of U. S. S. R.; Korea and Japan.     

药用寄生植物菟丝子属,列当属和无根藤属氨基酸的分析

本文测定了菟丝子属、列当属和无根藤属某些种的种子和植株氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明,3个属种子和植株氨基酸均在15种以上,且含量丰富,特别是必需氨基酸的含量较高。文中讨论了氨基酸的药用和在种子鉴定与化学分类上的作用,探讨了开发应用的前景。     

胡葱与洋葱、葱过氧化物酶同工酶研究及聚类分析

本文对胡葱与洋葱、葱的功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱分析和聚类分析表明：这三个种及葱的3个交种闻的亲缘关系被区分开来;胡葱与洋葱的亲缘关系比胡葱与大葱的亲缘关系更近。     

Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and plant regeneration of four Gentiana species

Shoots of micropropagated Gentiana acaulis, G. cruciata, G. lutea, and G. purpurea were inoculated with suspensions of Agrobacterium rhizogenes cells, strains ATCC 15834 or A4M70GUS. Adventitious roots appeared at the sites of inoculation in all 4 species. Root tips were excised and cultured on growth regulator-free media for 2-6 years. They exhibited very high branching and plagiotropism. Spontaneous bud initiation occurred in roots of G. cruciata. Roots of G. lutea, G. acaulis and G. purpurea were cultured on media with high kinetin concentration, which induced the formation of friable callus tissues. Only in G. purpurea were these calluses organogenic. Regenerated shoots of G. cruciata and G. purpurea gave rise to plants, that displayed the typical phenotypes of A. rhizogenes-transformed plants: short internodes and rolled leaves. In the roots of G. acaulis and G. cruciata, transformed with A. rhizogenes A4M70GUS, a positive reaction with X-gluc indicated the activity of β-glucuronidase. The DNA extracted from hairy roots and from the roots of transgenic plants hybridized with the appropriate genomic probes in Southern blotting. This is taken as evidence of the stable genetic transformation in the 4 Gentiana species. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

七星瓢虫对麦长管蚜,禾谷缢管蚜捕食选择性研究

本文报导了七星瓢虫对两种猎物捕食选择性研究成果,这对以瓢治蚜工作提供了理论依据。主要结果为:1.七星瓢虫对麦长管蚜有明显的正喜好性,对禾谷缢管蚜有明显的负喜好性。2.瓢虫对两种蚜虫的喜好性与麦长管蚜密度呈显著负相关,与禾谷缢管蚜密度呈正相关。3.当两种猎物共存时,瓢虫对每种猎物的功能反应有所变化。两猎物总密度增加,瓢虫对每种猎物的功能反应越来越趋向Hollink Ⅲ型,一种猎物密度恒定,另一种猎物密度变化时,瓢虫对猎物的功能反应趋向Holling Ⅲ型。而且随猎物恒定的密度增加,HoUing Ⅲ型典型性增加。4.麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜密度增加均降低瓢虫的捕食作用率。但是,禾谷缢管蚜所引起捕食作用率更为严重的减少。     

A barcode analysis of the genus Lobophora (Dictyotales,Phaeophyceae) in the western Atlantic Ocean with four novel species and the epitypification of L. variegata (J.V. Lamouroux) E.C. Oliveira

In the western Atlantic Ocean, the brown algal genus Lobophora is currently represented by a single species, L. variegata, with a type locality designated by Lamouroux as ‘Antilles’. In this study, we used molecular-assisted alpha taxonomy (MAAT) to assess species diversity of Lobophora in Bermuda, the Florida Keys, St. Croix and Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles). Using cox1 and cox3 sequences as barcode markers, five species of Lobophora, four of them novel, were delineated, all previously having been identified in the area as L. variegata. Our morphological and habitat studies, made possible by abundant sampling, have revealed unique characters for each of these western Atlantic species, including distinct cellular arrangements, as well as different depth ranges for certain species. Observations made from Lamouroux’s holotype of Dictyota variegata (= Lobophora variegata) allowed us to assess the anatomy of this species, which enabled us to easily align this early taxon to one of our genetic species from the western Atlantic. As the type was unavailable for genetic analysis, we selected a recent St. Croix (Virgin Is., Antilles) specimen as the epitype to support it with molecular sequence data.     

金边黄杨与大叶黄杨光合特性的比较

在田间条件下,比较金边黄杨与大叶黄杨光合生理特性的结果表明：（1）金边黄杨的叶绿素含量极显著低于大叶黄杨,类胡萝卜素和花色素苷含量无显著差异;（2）金边黄杨的光合能力显著低于大叶黄杨,表现量子效率、羧化效率分别为大叶黄杨的54％和50％;（3）二者的净光合速率日变化均为单峰曲线,金边黄杨净光合速率和蒸腾速率日积分值分别为大叶黄杨的60％和75％。