胃肠舒片治疗骨科术后便秘的临床研究

目的:探讨胃肠舒片治疗骨科术后便秘的疗效。方法:共观察骨科术后便秘患者120例,随机分为两组,治疗组口服胃肠舒片,对照组口服复方芦荟胶囊,对比观察两组临床疗效、治疗前后便秘症状总积分和单项症状积分变化及药物毒副作用。结果:治疗组临床治愈率为60%,对照组为40%,治疗组治愈率显著高于对照组(P0.05),治疗后治疗组便秘主要症状总积分为2.22±0.97,明显低于对照组总积分3.18±1.08。治疗后治疗组便秘症状单项积分分别为:大便性状0.52±0.11,排便难度0.50±0.13,排便间隔时间0.48±0.09,每次排便时间0.47±0.04,排便不尽或肛门阻塞感0.25±0.06,对照组便秘症状单项积分分别为:大便性状0.71±0.13,排便难度0.84±0.22,排便间隔时间0.81±0.15,每次排便时间0.79±0.08,排便不尽或肛门阻塞感0.38±0.03,治疗组便秘症状各单项积分均显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组均未见明显毒副作用。结论:胃肠舒片治疗骨科术后便秘具有疗效好,无明显毒副作用的优势。     

贝飞达和乳果糖协同治疗儿童功能性便秘临床观察

目的:为了探讨贝飞达和乳果糖协同治疗小儿功能性便秘的疗效.方法:对排除器质性病变且符合诊断标准的86例病程在2个月以上的患儿随机分为观察组56例,对照组30例,两组均给以:(1)调整饮食:强调母乳喂养,按时添加辅食,避免长期吃细粮和高蛋白饮食,给一些粗粮、蔬菜、水果、红薯等富含纤维素的食物;适量补充水分;(2)训练按时排便习惯;(3)每日适量活动;观察组在其基础上加服贝飞达和乳果糖口服溶液,15 d为1疗程.结果:1疗程结束后,对照组两次排便间隔时间较治疗前缩短,但相比无显著性意义(t=1.31,P＞0.05),观察组两次排便间隔时间较治疗前明显缩短,相比有非常显著性意义(t=12.44,P＜0.001).结论:贝飞达和乳果糖治疗儿童功能性便秘疗效显著,值得推广使用.     

麻仁润肠丸与穴位埋线联合治疗胃肠积热型便秘的临床研究

目的:观察穴位埋线联合麻仁润肠丸治疗胃肠积热型便秘的临床疗效,为临床推广提供理论基础。方法:选取2013年7月-2015年7月我院门诊收治的120例胃肠积热型便秘患者,按随机数字表分为联合组和对照组各60例。联合组给予麻仁润肠丸联合穴位埋线治疗,对照组单纯给予麻仁润肠丸治疗,疗程均为4周。观察两组治疗前后排便困难、Bristol评分、排便时间、排便次数及腹胀等便秘症状指标,比较两组疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗后联合组总有效率为93.33%,明显高于对照组的76.67%(P0.05);两组症状评分均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),联合组各症状评分均低于对照组(P0.05),两组不良反应比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:穴位埋线联合麻仁润肠丸治疗胃肠积热型便秘能够明显改善大便性状,增加肠道的排便次数,降低排粪残留,疗效优于单纯药物治疗,值得临床推广使用。     

艾灸联合摩腹治疗中风患者便秘的临床效果及护理

目的探讨艾灸联合摩腹治疗中风后便秘患者的临床疗效及护理体会。方法随机选取2015年1月~2016年6月在我院神经内科一区住院的中风后便秘患者80例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组采用传统的治疗方法,治疗组在传统治疗的基础上采用艾灸联合摩腹疗法,观察比较两组临床疗效及排便显效、有效时间。结果治疗组总有效率为90%,排便显效时间为(1.14±0.84)天,排便有效时间为(3.19±0.10)天;对照组总有效率为60%,排便显效时间为(1.80±0.82)天,排便有效时间为(4.66±0.23)天;两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论艾灸联合摩腹治疗可明显提高中风后便秘患者的临床疗效,改善患者预后,值得临床推广。     

可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效观察

目的观察可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效及安全性。方法将2017年1月至2019年1月本院就诊的130例老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者随机分为膳食纤维联合益生菌组、益生菌组和膳食纤维组。膳食纤维联合益生菌组患者服用可溶性膳食纤维联合双歧杆菌三联活菌片,益生菌组口服双歧杆菌三联活菌片,膳食纤维组使用可溶性膳食纤维,三组疗程均为30 d。比较三组患者症状改善情况、PAC-QOL评分、CSI评分。结果三组患者治疗后PAC-QOL评分、CSI评分较治疗前显著减低,且膳食纤维联合益生菌组治疗后PAC-QOL评分均低于益生菌组和膳食纤维组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。膳食纤维联合益生菌组患者治疗后临床总有效率较益生菌组和膳食纤维组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者效果显著,无明显不良反应。     

膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿对幼儿功能性便秘的疗效及安全性研究

摘要 目的：探讨膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿对幼儿功能性便秘的的疗效及安全性。方法：选择2017年1月~2020年6月在佛山市妇幼保健院儿科门诊诊治的135例功能性便秘幼儿作为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法分为A组（基础治疗组,42例）、B组（膳食纤维添加组,52例）及C组（膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿组,41例）。治疗四周后,比较三组患儿排便困难症状评分和治疗效果。监测三组患儿治疗期间发生不良反应情况。随访观察6个月,比较三组患儿复发率。结果：治疗后三组患儿排便困难、腹胀、排便频率及症状评分总分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中C组排便困难评分和症状评分总分低于A组和B组,B组和C组腹胀评分低于A组,C组排便频率评分低于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。三组患儿总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,C组和B组总有效率高于A组的,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,C组总有效率高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗期间三组患儿均未出现明显药物不良反应,如恶心、腹胀、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、皮疹等。三组复发率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。C组复发率明显低于对照组A组,差异有统计学（P＜0.05）。结论：在常规治疗基础上,膳食纤维添加联合中医推拿治疗幼儿功能性便秘,能提高临床治疗效果,降低远期复发率,是幼儿便秘安全有效的治疗方法。     

麝香保心丸和消心痛防治冠心病心绞痛的对比性研究

为了比较麝香保心丸和消心痛对防治冠心病心绞痛患者的疗效,本文观察了66例冠心病心绞痛患者,将他们随机分为麝香保心丸治疗组(30例)和消心痛对照组(30例)。心绞痛发作时首先舌下含服麝香保心丸2粒,然后以麝香保心丸2粒,3次1d;对照组则含服消心痛10 mg,然后以消心痛10 mg,3次/d,疗程均为四周。结果发现,含服麝香保心丸和消心痛均能迅速缓解心绞痛发作,对缺血性ST段压低和T波倒置,总有效率治疗组达93.3％和96.7％,对照组均达96.7％,两药疗效相当。经过四周冶疗两药均可显著降低心绞痛发作频率和硝酸甘油消耗量,改善心绞痛分级。治疗组心电图总有效率达93.9％～96.7％,24 h动态心电图显示两药均可明显改善缺血负荷,与对照组比较差别有显著性(420±271,411±291 VS 664±324 mm×min P值均小于0.05)。超声心动图示麝香保心丸可缩小左室收缩末和舒张末容积指数,并改善心功能。麝香保心丸副作用小,且依从性良好。     

生物反馈训练辅助治疗梗阻性便秘对粪便性状、排便时间及排便频度的影响

目的:探讨生物反馈训练辅助治疗梗阻性便秘患者对粪便性状、排便时间与排便频度的影响。方法:选取我院收治的90例梗阻性便秘患者,根据随机数字表法分为3组,A组接受常规治疗,B组于常规治疗基础上进行固定式生物反馈训练(FBF),C组于常规治疗基础上进行自适应式生物反馈训练(ABF),比较3组治疗前后肛直肠功能、粪便性状、排便时间、排便频度和临床疗效。结果:治疗后,直肠肛门压力梯度:A组B组C组(P0.05),矛盾性收缩率:A组B组C组(P0.05),B组与C组肛管静息压、直肠肛门抑制反射阈值显著小于A组(P0.05),且肛管松弛率显著大于A组(P0.05);C组粪便性状4～7型占比明显高于其余两组(P0.05),且B组4～7型占比明显高于A组(P0.05);排便时间:A组B组C组(P0.05),排便频度:A组B组C组(P0.05);C组总有效率显著高于A组与B组(P0.05)。结论:生物反馈训练尤其是ABF可有效改善梗阻性便秘患者肛直肠功能,在改善粪便性状、缩短排便时间、增加排便频度上具有明显优势,可获得更好的临床疗效。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗妊娠期便秘的临床观察

目的 观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片(商品名:爽舒宝)治疗妊娠期便秘的临床疗效.方法 将80例妊娠期便秘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组和对照组均为40例,两组均给予基础治疗.其中治疗组在基础治疗的同时加用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片,首次2.1g,以后1.05g/次,3次/d,温水送服.观察治疗前后大便次数、粪便性状,有无排便不尽及排便费力感、腹部不适、腹胀、腹痛.结果 治疗组总有效率、大便频率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同时治疗组患者治疗后无腹部不适、腹胀、排便费力、排便不尽感等新症状出现,明显优于对照组.结论 凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片辅助治疗妊娠期便秘疗效显著,值得临床推广.     

个体化生物反馈训练联合早期排便功能训练对低位直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道功能、肛肠动力学和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨个体化生物反馈训练联合早期排便功能训练对低位直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道功能、肛肠动力学和生活质量的影响。方法：纳入我院2018年4月~2021年9月期间收治的90例行低位直肠癌保肛术患者。按照住院号奇偶数将患者分为对照组（早期排便功能训练,45例）和研究组（对照组基础上结合个体化生物反馈训练,45例）。对比两组肠道功能、肛肠动力学和生活质量、肛门失禁情况及控便满意度。结果：两组干预后排便受饮食影响、便频便急、排便感觉异常评分均下降,但研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后健康调查量表简表（SF-36）各维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的肛门失禁例数少于对照组,控便满意度则高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预后肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压、直肠最大耐受容量均下降,但研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：个体化生物反馈训练联合早期排便功能训练可促进低位直肠癌保肛术后患者肠道功能恢复,改善肛肠动力学和生活质量,减少肛门失禁情况发生,控便满意度较好。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.