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1.
过氧化氢酶普遍存在于原核和真核生物,具有抗氧化作用。这种作用有其有利的方面,即保护细胞免受氧自由基等氧化物的损害,抑制细胞受氧化因素刺激诱导的凋亡。同样,有其不利的方面,即保护病原微生物(包括真菌)不受宿主氧化系统的破坏。抗氧化作用作为病原性真菌的一种可能致病机制,国外已经有不少相关的报道,但是目前国内对这方面的研究较少,本文就过氧化氢酶在病原性真菌中的相关研究进展做一综述。  相似文献   

2.
植物病原真菌致病毒素草酸的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
景岚  康振生 《西北植物学报》2003,23(12):2223-2228
许多植物病原菌可以分泌草酸,草酸作为致病的关键因子在病原菌的侵染过程中发挥着重要作用,并与病原菌的致病性、毒性有密切关系。草酸可通过氧化和脱羧两条途径进行降解,因此可以将草酸降解酶基因导入植物,从而获得对这类病害的抗性。  相似文献   

3.
韩琦  王铌翔 《微生物学报》2024,64(1):98-107
抑制真菌细胞壁的合成常作为防治真菌感染的安全有效手段。几丁质是真菌细胞壁及隔膜的重要结构成分,几丁质合酶是催化几丁质合成的关键酶。真菌细胞中几丁质合酶家族的不同成员在调控几丁质的合成中存在着差异,因此产生不同的生物学效应。本文通过综述几丁质合酶在人体三大条件致病真菌白色念珠菌、烟曲霉、新生隐球菌中的研究进展,分析了几丁质合酶对真菌致病性影响的机制,总结了几丁质合酶调控真菌细胞增殖、形态转换、病原菌与宿主的相互作用和细胞壁损伤诱导的补偿效应,展望了抗真菌感染的新策略及关于真菌几丁质合酶的未来研究方向。  相似文献   

4.
环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP)是广泛存在于真核生物中的第二信使,其由腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase, AC)合成后,通过结合蛋白激酶A (protein kinase A, PKA)调控下游蛋白活性,从而参与植物病原真菌的生长发育、致病性(或致病力)、细胞壁完整性、环境胁迫响应及有性/无性生殖等方面的调控。本文介绍了植物病原真菌cAMP信号通路的信号转导及其与细胞中其他信号通路之间的交叉调控的相关研究进展,同时阐述了cAMP信号通路在植物病原真菌侵染过程中的重要作用。为今后以cAMP信号通路相关基因或蛋白作为靶点筛选抑制植物病原真菌的药物,以及利用cAMP信号通路对植物病原真菌生长发育及致病等相关调控机制进行病害防控提供了新的策略和思路。  相似文献   

5.
昆虫病原真菌基因研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
王滨  李增智等 《菌物系统》2001,20(3):430-434
  相似文献   

6.
近年来,病原性真菌的耐药现象越来越多,呈逐年上升趋势,且所致侵袭性感染已成为目前临床上患者死亡的重要原因之一。本文就我国在耐药性真菌的判断、流行病学、耐药机制及其防治等方面的研究现状进行简单介绍。  相似文献   

7.
细菌蛋白酶的致病作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李瑞武 《微生物与感染》1998,21(3):22-23,27
细菌通过分泌胞外蛋白酶来分解宿主蛋白质,并激活血管舒张素-派肽级联系统,为其生长,繁殖提供所需要的营养物质,同时,细菌蛋白酶能破坏补体和(或)免疫球蛋白,从而使细菌逃避宿主的防御机制,保证其级在宿主体内生存,由此可见,蛋白酶在细菌感染过程中起重要作用。因此,人工合成不影响宿主蛋白酶的活性,而能特异地抑制某些特定细菌蛋白酶的蛋白酶抑制剂,可能是一种有用的抗菌物质,用以治疗细菌感染。  相似文献   

8.
创伤弧菌是一种致病性极强的细菌,可引起严重的伤口感染和败血症等痰患。其确切的致病因子和致病机制至今尚未完全阐明。兹将近年来有关其主要致病因素,如溶细胞素、金属蛋白酶、儿荼酚亲铁物质、英膜多糖及磷脂酶的研究动态作一综述。  相似文献   

9.
植物病原真菌附着胞的机械穿透力   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
植物病原真菌侵入寄主组织并在寄主组织中生长是其致病的基本条件(Deising et al., 2000; Hartmann et al.,1996; Tucker & Talbot, 2001; Buller,1931).但是,关于病原真菌是靠机械力还是酶解作用,亦或是二者结合穿透寄主的争论,已经持续了多年(Latunde-Dada,2001;Mendgen et al.,1996).许多植物病原菌能形成称为附着胞的特异侵染结构,可以产生很大的机械压力,推动侵染菌丝侵入寄主组织.顶端生长是菌丝生长的特点之一,通过顶端生长,可以侵入固体基质获取营养.真菌细胞内的渗透压是维持顶端生长、推动病原真菌侵入寄主的动力.早在1931年, Buller(1931)在一个简单的实验中已经观察到真菌菌丝细胞内巨大膨压的产生并转化为压力的现象:一种鬼伞Coprinus sterquilinus的菌柄直径仅有6mm,却可以撑起200g的重物,压强至少可达0.07 MPa (0.7 bar).许多蘑菇种类可以顶起障碍物及顶开沥青路面或石块等,都显示了菌丝的膨压可以使菌丝细胞产生很大的机械强度.最近关于稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea的研究结果表明,病菌可以产生足够的机械力直接穿透水稻的表皮细胞(De Jong et al.,1997).本文对真菌穿透寄主的机械力的研究进展进行简述.  相似文献   

10.
食线虫真菌是一类土壤微生物,作为线虫的天敌,它们对于维持线虫在土壤生态环境中的种群动态平衡发挥着十分重要的作用。食线虫真菌通过形成特殊的捕食器官或产生毒素等方式来捕捉和杀死线虫。丝氨酸蛋白酶是食线虫真菌侵染线虫的重要毒力因子,近年来,研究人员对不同食线虫真菌来源的致病相关丝氨酸蛋白酶进行了大量的研究,尤其在丝氨酸蛋白酶的晶体结构和分子进化方面的研究取得了较大的进展。本文对食线虫真菌致病相关丝氨酸蛋白酶的生物化学性质和功能进行了系统的总结,对丝氨酸蛋白酶的晶体结构、催化机制及分子进化等最新的进展进行了评述。  相似文献   

11.
    
Interactions between staphylococci and the joint tissues of the host lead typically to rapidly progressing and highly destructive processes. Staphylococci possess a vast arsenal of components and products that contribute to the pathogenesis of joint infection. Occasionally these compounds have overlapping activities and act either in concert or alone. Host responsiveness to staphylococcal infection displays an even more complex pattern. Most of the cells and molecules that participate in the innate immune system protect the host against bacteria. However, the staphylococci have developed systems that counteract endogenous protective mechanisms. Interestingly, certain cells and molecules of the acquired immune system potentiate the severity of infection by triggering exaggerated responses to the staphylococcal danger signals. This review deals with the intricate host-bacterium interactions that occur during experimental septic arthritis, and outlines potential preventive and treatment modalities.  相似文献   

12.
目的探讨面癣的致病菌种、临床特点及发病相关因素。方法对126例面癣患者进行真菌分离培养鉴定及流行病学分析。结果面癣见于各年龄段,以11~30岁最多见。患病动物接触史、合并其他部位浅部真菌病史及糖皮质类固醇激素类药物外用史是面癣发病的重要危险因素。分离出皮肤癣菌108株,包括红色毛癣菌63株(58.3%)、犬小孢子菌25株(23.1%)、须癣毛癣菌18株(16.7%)和石膏样小孢子菌2株(1.9%)。结论面癣的发病没有年龄差异,患者可见于各个年龄阶段;面癣的常见致病真菌绝大多数为红色毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌,其发病可能与患者自体接种或接触患病动物相关。面癣容易被误诊,及时进行真菌镜检和培养是降低面癣误诊率的关键。  相似文献   

13.
    
Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an entomopathogenic fungus of the Tibetan Plateau is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. A fungal pathogen of O. sinensis, Polycephalomyces sp. GIMCC 3.570 (isolate 2010A-0818) was characterized by morphology, related to sequences of six genes (SSU, ITS, LSU, TEF1-α, RPB1 and ATP6) found in a BLAST search and five genes (SSU, LSU, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2) by phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The results strongly support placement of P. sp. GIMCC 3.570 in the genus Polycephalomyces. To determine the influence of P. sp. GIMCC 3.570 on the reproduction of its host, 30 artificially infected O. sinensis samples were compared with 30 uninfected controls. In the infected fungus, the life span of the stroma was significantly shorter and significantly fewer ascospores were produced compared with uninfected O. sinensis (p < 0.01).  相似文献   

14.
The role of programmed cell death in filamentous fungi is not well-understood, but is important due to the role of fungi in opportunistic infections. Plants, fungi and protozoa do not have caspase genes, but instead express the homologous proteins denoted metacaspases. To better understand the role of metacaspases in fungi we present an analysis of the sequences and activities of all five Type I metacaspases from Schizophyllum commune (ScMC), a mushroom-forming basiodmycete that undergoes sexual reproduction. The five Type I metacaspases of S. commune can be divided into two groups based on sequence similarity. Enzymes both with and without the N-terminal prodomain are active, but here we report on the constructs without the prodomains (Δpro). All five ScMCΔpro proteins show the highest enzymatic activity between pH 7 and 8 and require calcium for optimal activity. Optimal Ca2+ concentrations for ScMC1Δpro and ScMC2Δpro are 50 mM, while ScMC3, ScMC4Δpro and ScMC5Δpro activity is optimal around 5 mM calcium. All five S. commune metacaspases have similar substrate specificity. They are most active with Arg in the P1 position and inactive with Asp in the P1 position.  相似文献   

15.
The regions encoding the 5.8S rRNA and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITSI and ITSII) from two isolates of the human pathogenic fungus Scedosporium prolificans and one isolate of the taxonomically related species Pseudallescheria boydii (S. apiospermum) were sequenced. The sequences of the two S. prolificans isolates were identical. However, there were minor differences between both species. Phylogenetic analysis of known fungal sequences confirmed a close relationship between S. prolificans and P. boydii. An attempt was made to transform S. prolificans by electroporation using a plasmid vector, pMLF2, bearing the Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene (hph) under the control of Aspergillus nidulans promoter and terminator sequences. To increase transformation efficiency, the sequenced ribosomal cluster of S. prolificans was used to construct a new vector for homologous recombination.  相似文献   

16.
为探讨茶树(Camellia sinensis)对病菌胁迫的共有响应模式和抗病机制,运用生物信息学方法对多组RNA-seq数据进行提取、整合及功能富集,结合多种工具和数据库资源对主要调控分子及蛋白互作模块加以分析。结果表明,病原真菌胁迫下,茶树有较多细胞色素P450家族成员表达显著上调;类固醇和激素的代谢过程、苯丙烷合成途径被激活,有丝分裂细胞周期调控、DNA甲基化等生物过程及光合作用途径受到抑制;主要调控分子如转录因子WRKY和NAC、激酶RLK-Pelle和CAMK等以上调为主。差异表达的蛋白互作模块分析表明,有丝分裂周期调控、基于微管运动、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、细胞壁多糖合成、光合作用、类黄酮代谢模块明显下调,木质素合成和萜类生物合成模块上调;且模块之间可能存在互作。病菌胁迫激活的木质素和萜类合成途径的关键基因包括阿魏酸-5-羟基化酶基因F5H、过氧化物酶基因POD和萜类合成酶基因HMGR等。细胞色素P450基因可能在病菌胁迫中起关键作用,增强木质素和萜类物质的合成、削弱光合作用可能是茶树响应真菌胁迫的核心模式。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae produces several cuticle-degrading proteases which may play a role in pathogenesis. The regulation of one of these, a trypsin-like protease PR2, has been investigated using depressed mycelia. Three insoluble protein sources, insect cuticle, elastin and collagen, as well as two soluble proteins, BSA and gelatin, induced PR2. The polymeric carbon sources cellulose and xylan resulted in depressed basal levels but not induced production of PR2. An approximately 15-fold increase in PR2 activity per mg dry weight of mycelium was observed when the fungus was grown in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as compared with conditions of depression alone. This indicates that PR2 is induced by BSA, and probably by other proteins. Basal levels of PR2 were detected after 8 h when mycelium was starved for both carbon and nitrogen but only after 16 h when starved for either nitrogen or carbon. In the presence of a protein source, nitrogen strongly repressed PR2 whereas carbon had little effect. There was no effect of sulphur on PR2 production.  相似文献   

18.
The incidence of major fungal infection in recent years has paralleled increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs, broad spectrum antibiotics and implantable catheters and prostheses. The pediatric surgeon encounters fungi as agents of perioperative infection and anatomic disease requiring surgical intervention. Clinical mycology is increasingly challenged by a wide spectrum of unfamiliar fungi, fungal infections and antimycotic drugs. An overview of the expanding role of surgical mycosis in children is presented.  相似文献   

19.
本文统计了我院1992年8月—1994年7月两车间医院内感染病原菌的分离结果,分离出病原菌25种758株,其中革兰氏阳性菌163株(占21.51%),革兰氏阴性菌378株(占49.87%),真菌217株(占28.62%)。院感病原菌依次为,白色念珠菌、绿脓假单胞菌表、葡菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、酵母菌及大肠艾希氏菌等,显示了真菌及表葡菌在院内感染中已经上升到不可忽略的地位。用18种常用抗生素,对除真菌外的上述病原菌541株做耐药谱测定,并发现除了表葡菌及多数革兰氏阴性菌对喹谱酮类及少数头孢三代抗生素尚属敏感外,大部分均具有越来越广泛的耐药性。  相似文献   

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