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1.
秸秆施用及蚯蚓活动对土壤活性有机碳的影响   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12  
在连续6年稻麦轮作的小区试验中,研究了施用秸秆(表施或混施)和接种蚯蚓对农田土壤有机碳(SOC)和不同活性有机碳的影响.结果表明:施用秸秆6年后,土壤有机碳含量显著增加,且表施秸秆比混施秸秆更有利于土壤有机碳含量增加,在不同的秸秆施用条件下,接种蚯蚓未对土壤有机碳含量产生显著影响.表施秸秆和混施秸秆均能使土壤活性有机碳含量增加或显著增加,混施秸秆较表施秸秆更有利于热水提取态碳(HWEC)、可矿化碳(PMC)、酸提取态碳(AEC)、易氧化态碳(ROC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和轻组有机碳(LFOC)含量增加,而可溶性有机碳(DOC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)的变化与秸秆施用方式关系不大.在施用秸秆条件下,接种蚯蚓使不同活性有机碳的响应各异,不同处理中的土壤有机碳活性表现为秸秆混施+蚯蚓>秸秆混施>秸秆表施>秸秆表施+蚯蚓>对照.秸秆的施用方式是影响土壤有机碳与活性有机碳的主要因素,而蚯蚓活动则并非对所有的土壤活性有机碳有显著影响.  相似文献   

2.
研究秸秆还田后土壤硝化特性和氨化特性的改变及其与相关菌群数量变化的关系,为进一步研究秸秆还田对土壤氮素循环的影响提供参考。测定秸秆还田后植株生长过程中不同时间土壤硝化特性和氨化特性,以及相应的硝化细菌、氨化细菌、固氮菌的数量,将结果与无秸秆的空白对照区进行比较、分析。整个植株生长过程中,秸秆还田土壤中相关菌群数量以及氨化作用强度和硝化作用强度均明显高于空白对照,其中氨化菌、硝化菌和固氮菌为空白对照的1.3~1.6倍;氨化作用强度和硝化作用强度分别为空白对照的1.1和1.8倍。结果表明,秸秆还田可以有效提高土壤氨化活性和硝化活性以及相关菌群的数量和活性,相关菌群数量的变化与土壤氨化活性和硝化活性呈正相关。  相似文献   

3.
闵红  张丹  绳金房  唐娜  韩纯洁 《微生物学通报》2011,38(11):1673-1678
从土壤肥力与微生物因子探索连茬障碍机理,以期为其提供科学依据。研究草莓番茄轮作(RST)、番茄连作4年(CT4)和番茄连作10年(CT10)3种蔬菜种植模式根际与非根际土壤微生物区系及生理菌群,并对土壤肥力与微生物生物因子进行主成分分析。结果表明根际土壤微生物三大类群和生理菌群数量均高于非根际,根际效应显著。番茄连作根际与非根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量呈现先增加后减少趋势;真菌数量呈线型增加趋势,CT4和CT10在根际与非根际较RST分别增加9.09%和2.11%、75.48%和57.72%。番茄连作根际土壤硝化细菌和好气性自生固氮菌数量的减少,氨化细菌与好气性纤维素分解菌在短期连作表现为增加长期减少的变化趋势;解钾菌、无机磷和有机磷细菌数量在根际与非根际土壤均减少。在6种研究的种植模式中,RST根际土壤状况最好,其次为CT4的根际与RST非根际土壤,CT10的根际土壤、CT4与CT10非根际土壤状况最差。结论是蔬菜连作造成土壤质量下降,连作年限越长下降越显著。  相似文献   

4.
稻草还田对晚稻土微生物及酶活性的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
通过早稻秸秆翻耕还田对晚稻土微生物数量与活度、秸秆腐解酶活性和氨化、硝化作用强度的动态影响试验研究表明:稻草翻耕还田的条件下,在晚稻生长发育过程中,除土壤放线菌数量一直呈下降态势之外,土壤好气性细菌、厌气性细菌和真菌数量均呈现前期急剧增加、中期缓慢减少、后期迅速减少的变化特征,土壤微生物活度则呈现前期迅速增强、达到最大值,中期迅速下降,后期缓慢回升的变化趋势;土壤木聚糖酶活性与土壤微生物数量变化趋势基本相同,而土壤纤维素酶活性则呈前期增加、中期最高、后期迅速下降的特点;土壤氨化作用强度一直呈下降态势,而土壤硝化作用强度则呈前期增强、中期最高、后期下降的变化趋势.随着稻草还田量的增加,上述土壤微生物数量与活度、秸秆腐解酶活性和氨化和硝化作用强度的动态变化趋势更加明显.土壤微生物及酶活性分析评价发现,在晚稻栽培时,配合水稻专用复混肥一次性施用,以早稻秸秆2500~5000kg/hm^2翻耕还田较为适宜.  相似文献   

5.
黄萎病不同发生程度棉田中土壤微生物多样性   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
刘海洋  姚举  张仁福  王伟  余璇  王琦 《生态学报》2018,38(5):1619-1629
作物根际土壤微生物群落对土壤生态及作物健康至关重要。以棉花黄萎病不同发生程度棉田的土壤为研究对象,采用理化分析、微生物纯培养及高通量测序技术对土壤理化性质及微生物数量、细菌丰度多样性进行综合分析。结果表明:在纯培养条件下,大丽轮枝菌无菌发酵滤液对细菌生长有明显的抑制作用;棉田接种大丽轮枝菌对土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量及细菌菌群丰度多样性未产生明显影响,不同采样时间的土壤中细菌菌群结构差异更大。土壤中大丽轮枝菌微菌核数量与棉花黄萎病的发生程度呈显著正相关。土壤肥力对土壤中微生物数量起主导作用,而水稻-棉花轮作能够使棉田有效降盐、减病、改善土壤肥力。通过生物防治、作物轮作、深翻等调控措施增加土壤中有益菌群数量、改善土壤生态、降低棉田土壤中大丽轮枝菌菌源数量是减轻棉花黄萎病危害的基础。  相似文献   

6.
研究了天台山8种土壤环境的微生物区系,细菌生理群分布、组成和多样性。结果表明:黄山松林、竹林和云锦杜鹃林土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量较多,而柳杉林土壤中较少。微生物数量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量以及土壤凋落物的关系较大。每种土壤环境的细菌、真菌和放线菌占微生物总量的比例为:细菌数量最多,放线菌居中,真菌较少。土壤细菌生理群在天台山8种土壤环境中的分布有较大的差异。好气纤维素分解菌、好气固氮菌、氨化细菌、有机磷分解菌、无机磷分解菌在8种土壤环境中均占有较大的比例,是每种土壤环境的优势菌群,而反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌在每种土壤环境中占有的数量比例均相对较小,处于次要地位。七子花林、竹林、云锦杜鹃林和日本花柏林土壤细菌生理群的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均较小,柳杉林、茶园、金钱松林、黄山松林土壤细菌生理群的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数相对较大。  相似文献   

7.
通过两年田间裂区设计试验,研究了不同土壤耕作方式(常规耕作、深耕、深松)与秸秆还田(秸秆还田、秸秆不还田)对冬小麦一夏玉米一年两熟农田土壤微生物数量、酶活性和作物产量的影响.结果表明:深松(耕)和秸秆还田不仅降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤有机碳含量,而且增加了土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和作物产量,且二者对夏玉米季的影响大于冬小麦季.与常规耕作+无秸秆还田相比,深耕+秸秆还田、深松+秸秆还田处理的20~30 cm土壤容重分别降低8.5%和6.6%,土壤有机碳含量分别提高14.8%和12.4%,土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性分别提高45.9%、33.9%和34.1%、25.2%,作物产量分别提高18.0%和19.3%,且两处理间无显著差异.说明土壤深松(耕)结合秸秆还田有利于作物产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的提高.  相似文献   

8.
长期施肥对灰漠土生物群落和酶活性的影响   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
长期定位试验表明:施肥对灰漠土生物类群、酶活性有一定影响,同时生物类群和酶活性也改变了土壤生态环境.(1) 施肥对灰漠土动物个体及类群数的影响显著,长期单施化肥对土壤动物优势度作用较大,化肥配施有机肥丰富了土壤动物组成,化肥配施秸秆有利于增加土壤动物的丰度,尤其是疣跳科和等节跳科动物个体数量增加近10倍,长期不施肥土壤动物均匀性较高,但优势类群数较低;(2)灰漠土微生物组成以细菌为主,特殊微生物生理类群是以固氮菌和氨化细菌数量居多.长期单施化肥不利于土壤微生物生长,几种菌类数量均较低,化肥配施有机物料增加了土壤微生物类群数量,比对照增加15%~44%,长期不施肥土壤微生物数量高于单施化肥处理.(3) 灰漠土自身过氧化氢酶含量较高,蔗糖酶次之.土壤4种酶活性中除过氧化氢酶与土壤养分之间呈负相关以外,其余3种酶活性与土壤速效养分均呈正相关或显著正相关.长期单施化肥土壤脲酶、磷酸酶活性降低,长期不施肥土壤脲酶、磷酸酶活性高于单施化肥处理,化肥配施有机肥或秸秆的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性比长期不施肥增加了24%~31%.因此,化肥配施有机物料增加了土壤酶活性,加速了土壤熟化,改变了土壤生态环境.  相似文献   

9.
通过2年田间定位试验,研究了冀东地区小麦 玉米轮作制度下,不同促腐条件下玉米秸秆配施化肥直接还田对土壤微生物量C、N、P动态变化的影响,并讨论了其与土壤养分和酶活性的关系.结果表明,秸秆配施化肥并调节其C/N条件下,施用促腐剂处理作物各生育期土壤微生物量C、N、P均表现出高于未施用处理的趋势,并使微生物量N、P达到高峰期的时间提前,对土壤养分调控效果较好.土壤微生物量C、N、P与土壤酶活性在作物各生育期均表现为显著和极显著正相关关系,但与土壤碱解氮、有效磷的相关性受到施肥制度和作物生长的强烈影响.  相似文献   

10.
罗天相  胡锋  李辉信 《生态学报》2013,33(23):7545-7552
蚯蚓是农田生态系统的重要组成部分,对土壤的碳氮循环和N2O排放起着重要作用。为了研究接种蚯蚓(威廉腔环蚓,Metaphire guillelmi)对农田土壤特性及N2O排放通量的影响,分析蚯蚓在土壤N2O排放中的作用,于2007-2008年冬小麦生长季采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对施用秸秆(表施和混施)并接种蚯蚓后土壤N2O排放通量的变化进行了监测,结果显示接种蚯蚓增加了土壤N2O的排放量。在秸秆表施的情况下,接种蚯蚓处理N2O的排放量最大,全生育期达14.26 kg?hm-2,显著高于未接种蚯蚓处理11.59 kg?hm-2(p<0.05)。在秸秆混施时,接种蚯蚓与未接种蚯蚓的两个处理间N2O排放量在栽培后期差异不显著。接种蚯蚓处理土壤N的矿化作用加强,矿质N含量提高,铵态氮含量比较稳定,硝态氮含量显著提高,表施秸秆接种蚯蚓处理硝态氮含量比未接种处理提高了20.1% (p<0.05),达到21.13 mg?kg-1,而混施秸秆后接种蚯蚓的硝态氮含量为21.21 mg?kg-1,较未接种处理提高了11.7%。分析表明,硝态氮含量与N2O排放密切相关,接种蚯蚓后N2O排放潜力的提高与蚯蚓活动促进土壤氮素矿化特别是硝态氮含量的增加有关,农田生态系统中蚯蚓对N2O排放的贡献主要体现在促进秸秆混入土壤,从而改变秸秆分解的微域环境,促进反硝化作用并增加N2O的排放。  相似文献   

11.
Soil microbiological and chemical aspects were evaluated to determine the effects of conservation tillage and crop rotation on soil fertility over a 16-year period. A field trial was established to compare two cropping systems (continuous soybean and maize/soybean, soybean/maize rotation). In addition, maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L., Merr) were grown in two different tillage systems: no tillage and reduced tillage. Soil populations of Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp. and total fungi were more abundant when maize or soybean were under conservation tillage and in the maize/soybean and soybean/maize rotation, than in continuous soybean. Furthermore, higher levels of microbial respiration and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), were recorded under no tillage systems. However, soil counts of Actinomycetes and Pythium spp., and Pythium diversity together with soil microbial biomass were not affected by the field treatments. To establish a correlation with soil biological factors, soil chemical parameters, such as pH, organic matter content, total N, electrical conductivity, N–NO3 and P were also quantified, most of the correlations being significantly positive. Under no tillage there was a clear increase of the amount of crop residues and the C and N soil content due to the presence of residues. Also the distribution of crop residues in surface soil due to zero tillage and the quality of these residues, depending on the crop rotation employed, improved on soil biological and chemical characteristics. Crop yield was also enhanced by zero tillage through the management of residues. Although yield values were not directly associated with the development of microorganisms, both yield and microorganisms were influenced by crop management. These results suggest that measuring soil properties over a long period helps to define effective management strategies in order to preserve soil conditions.  相似文献   

12.

Background and aims

Conservation agriculture, the combination of minimal soil movement (zero or reduced tillage), crop residue retention and crop rotation, might have the potential to increase soil organic C content and reduce emissions of CO2.

Methods

Three management factors were analyzed: (1) tillage (zero tillage (ZT) or conventional tillage (CT)), (2) crop rotation (wheat monoculture (W), maize monoculture (M) and maize-wheat rotation (R)), and (3) residue management (with (+r), or without (?r) crop residues). Samples were taken from the 0–5 and 5–10?cm soil layers and separated in micro-aggregates (< 0.25?mm), small macro-aggregates (0.25 to 1?mm) and large macro-aggregates (1 to 8?mm). The carbon content of each aggregate fraction was determined.

Results

Zero tillage combined with crop rotation and crop residues retention resulted in a higher proportion of macro-aggregates. In the 0–5?cm layer, plots with a crop rotation and monoculture of maize and wheat in ZT+r had the greatest proportion of large stable macro-aggregates (40%) and highest mean weighted diameter (MWD) (1.7?mm). The plots with CT had the largest proportion of micro-aggregates (27%). In the 5–10?cm layer, plots with residue retention in both CT and ZT (maize 1?mm and wheat 1.5?mm) or with monoculture of wheat in plots under ZT without residues (1.4?mm) had the greatest MWD. The 0–10?cm soil layer had a greater proportion of small macroaggregates compared to large macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates. In the 0–10?cm layer of soil with residues retention and maize or wheat, the greatest C content was found in the small and large macro-aggregates. The small macro-aggregates contributed most C to the organic C of the sample. For soil cultivated with maize, the CT treatments had significantly higher CO2 emissions than the ZT treatments. For soil cultivated with wheat, CTR-r had significantly higher CO2 emissions than all other treatments.

Conclusion

Reduction in soil disturbance combined with residue retention increased the C retained in the small and large macro-aggregates of the top soil due to greater aggregate stability and reduced the emissions of CO2 compared with conventional tillage without residues retention and maize monoculture (a cultivation system normally used in the central highlands of Mexico).  相似文献   

13.
With the focus on minimizingFusarium head blight and the deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of wheat a three year crop rotation system starting with forage maize and followed by two years of winter wheat was combined with three soil tillage systems and selected plant varieties with varying susceptibility toFusarium infection. Higher DON concentrations were generally observed in wheat grain when the soil was mulched rather than ploughed, depending on the mass of maize residues remaining on the soil surface. Maize residues are the most important source ofFusarium inoculum. Infected maize residues had a main impact on the level of DON contamination in wheat grain particularly in the first year after maize cultivation. When the maize stubble was chopped before mulching, the decomposition of the residues was speeded up and the DON contamination of the wheat grain was lower. In the second year following the maize crop, the decomposition of the maize residues/Fusarium biomass was nearly complete and the infection risk was reduced considerably. An influence of the susceptibility of the maize variety against stem rot on the DON concentration of the succeeding winter wheat crop was not observed. The less susceptible wheat variety was suitable for controlling the higher infection risk deriving from the introduction of maize in wheat rotation and the use of mulching techniques. Presented at the 28th Mykotoxin-Workshop, Bydgoszcz, Poland, May 29–31, 2006  相似文献   

14.
Increased use of N fertilizer and more intensive cropping due to the rising food demand in the tropics requires design and evaluation of sustainable cropping systems with minimum soil acidification. The objectives of this study were to quantify acidification of an Oxic Kandiustalf with different types of N fertilizer in two cropping systems under no-tillage and its effect on crop performance. Chemical soil properties in continuous maize (Zea mays L.) and maize-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) rotation were determined with three N sources (urea (UA), ammonium sulfate (AS) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)) in Nigeria, West Africa, during five years. Chemical soil properties were related to grain yield and diagnostic plant nutrient concentrations. For the three N sources, the rate of decline in soil pH in maize-cowpea rotation was 57±7.5% of that in continuous maize, where double the amount of N fertilizer was applied. The rate of soil acidification during the five years was greater for AS than for UA or CAN in continuous maize, and not different for UA and CAN in both cropping systems. With AS, soil pH decreased from 5.8 to 4.5 during five years of continuous maize cropping. Exchangeable acidity increased with N fertilization, but did not reach levels limiting maize or cowpea growth. Return of residues to the soil surface may have reduced soluble and exchangeable Al levels by providing a source of organic ligands. Soil solution Mn concentrations increased with N fertilization to levels likely detrimental for crop growth. Symptoms of Mn toxicity were observed on cowpea leaves where AS was applied to the preceding maize crop, but not on maize plants. Soil acidification caused significant reductions in exchangeable Ca and effective CEC. Main season maize yield with N fertilization was lower with AS than with UA or CAN, but not different between UA and CAN during the six years of cropping. The lower maize grain yield with AS than with the other N sources was attributed to lower pH and a greater extractable Mn concentration with AS. When kaolinitic Alfisols are used for continuous maize cropping, even under no-tillage with crop residues returned as mulch, the soil may become acidifed to pH values of 5.0 and below after a few years. The no-till cereal-legume rotation with judicial use of urea or CAN as N sources for the cereal crop is a more suitable system for these poorly buffered, kaolinitic soils than continuous maize cropping. The use of AS as N source should be avoided. H Marschner Section editor  相似文献   

15.
袁新田  朱玲  焦加国  刘满强  李辉信  胡锋 《生态学报》2010,30(19):5264-5271
通过室内培养试验,研究在施用玉米秸秆和接种蚯蚓后,土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC),水提取碳(WEOC),碳水化合物(CHOC)和酚类物质(PEOC)等活性有机碳组分的动态变化。研究结果表明,在不施秸秆或表施秸秆的情况下,接种蚯蚓对四种活性有机碳组分含量都有一定的促进作用,且在表施秸秆的情况下达到显著水平,其SMBC、WEOC、CHOC和PEOC的含量与不接种蚯蚓相比,分别增加了33.50%、43.13%、68.21%和30.28%。接种蚯蚓在混施秸秆的处理中只有WEOC的含量增加,而SMBC和CHOC含量分别降低了11.04%和16.63%,PEOC的变化不明显。不论接种蚯蚓与否,秸秆的施用对4种组分都有显著的促进作用,其中秸秆混施处理的作用最显著。接种蚯蚓和秸秆施用都能提高土壤WEOC的质量(CHOC/PEOC的比值)。方差分析表明,蚯蚓、秸秆和时间对活性碳组分含量都有显著影响,并且因子间存在强烈的交互作用。土壤活性有机碳各组分除SMBC以外,WEOC、CHOC和PEOC的含量变化受秸秆因子的影响最大,方差解释比例v分别达到82.35%、62.53%和75.82%。试验结果也表现出较一致的随时间的波动性。相关性分析表明,所测定项目SMBC、WEOC、CHOC和PEOC之间有显著的相关性。  相似文献   

16.
接种蚯蚓对秸秆还田土壤碳、氮动态和作物产量的影响   总被引:32,自引:1,他引:31  
通过为期 2年的小区 (2 .8m× 1.0m)试验 ,研究了旱作水稻 小麦轮作条件下接种蚯蚓对施用玉米秸秆 (第一季用量 15 0 0g·m-2 ,以后各季为 75 0g·m-2 )农田土壤碳、氮动态和作物产量的影响 .结果表明 ,接种 10条·m-2 或 2 0条·m-2 环毛蚓 (Pheretimasp .)对土壤有机碳和全氮含量无显著影响 ,蚯蚓活动未造成土壤C库的衰减 ,土壤碳、氮基本维持平衡 .接种蚯蚓处理土壤N的矿化作用增强 ,矿质N含量提高 ,NO3 - N含量增加 ,而且稻季比麦季增加更为明显 .接种蚯蚓在稻、麦季均能提高微生物量碳、氮含量 ,蚯蚓具有扩大土壤微生物量N库和促进有机N矿化的双重作用 .这种作用在有效C源供应丰富的作物生长发育旺盛期更为明显 .接种蚯蚓对旱作水稻和小麦有一定的增产作用 ,其中水稻的增产幅度达 9.3% ,小麦为 5 .1% .接种蚯蚓后土壤容重明显降低 ,孔隙度显著增加 .蚯蚓在保持土壤C库平衡的同时 ,对于促进秸秆有机肥N素养分的再循环和作物生产力的提高具有重要的生态学意义 .  相似文献   

17.
Phiri  S.  Barrios  E.  Rao  I.M.  Singh  B.R. 《Plant and Soil》2001,231(2):211-223
Acquisition of soil and fertiliser phosphorus (P) by crops depends on soil and plant properties. Soil processes determining P availability to plants are P solubility/sorption, P transport, root/soil contact and mineralisation/immobilisation. Plants have evolved properties contributing to a more efficient use of plant-available soil P and to mobilise P from less available soil P fractions. Agronomic measures may affect P availability to crops through the modification of soil properties or through direct quantitative and qualitative crop impact on soil P dynamics. Among the agronomic measures, the application of organic matter such as green manure and crop residues to maintain or increase soil organic matter content and to enhance soil biological activity, and the incorporation into the cropping system of P-mobilising plant species are particularly beneficial.Our experimental activities have concentrated on the characterisation of the P mobilising capacity of different leguminous grain and cover crops, and their effect on P availability to less P-efficient cereals grown in mixed culture and in rotation. Fractionation of P in the rhizosphere soil revealed the capacity of some legumes to better use P from sparingly soluble soil P fractions than maize. Field experiments conducted on 2 sites in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria and accompanying green-house pot experiments revealed a positive rotational effect of P-efficient cover crops on maize growth and grain yield with and without the return of crop residues. This could unequivocally be attributed to a better P supply to maize, especially on strongly P-fixing soil. However, the residual effect was small compared to the application of water-soluble P fertiliser. This clearly indicates the need for a maintenance application of fertiliser P in addition to the agronomic measures for sustainable crop production.  相似文献   

18.
In the northern Guinea Savanna of Ghana (1984–1987) a field experiment was conducted to study the reasons for beneficial effects of rotating maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on yield and N and P use of maize. The treatments included two cropping systems, maize monocropping and maize/cowpea rotation, two levels of nitrogen (0 and 80 kg N ha-1 as urea) and two levels of phosphorus application (0 and 60 kg ha-1 P as Volta phosphate rock). Yields and nutrient accumulation of maize were larger in rotation than in monocropping, independent of the N and P level. Fertilizer application (N and P) increased yields of maize in both cropping systems to the same extent. Nitrate contents of the soil after cowpea and after maize monoculture were comparable at the beginning of the cropping period. Also, potential nitrogen mineralization was only slightly larger after cowpea in the unfertilized plots. However, soil nitrate of fertilized plots was similar or even higher under monocropping than under crop rotation, especially in deeper soil layers and at the end of the cropping period. This indicates that in addition to the availability of mineral N, its use by the plants was limiting for the productivity of maize. Root length densities of maize were significant lower in monocropped maize than in maize grown in rotation. Soil physical parameters (infiltration, bulk density, aggregate stability and water capacity) showed a significant deterioration compared to a bush fallow plot, but differed only slightly between the cropping systems. Also in a pot experiment maize growth was much better in the soil from the crop rotation than from the monocropping plots, provided P was eliminated as the main growth-limiting factor. Since this effect persisted in spite of N application and optimization of soil physical properties by mixing the soil with polystyrol it is concluded that the results indicate that yield decline in maize monocropping might be due to allelopathic effects.  相似文献   

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