区域效应——一个前列腺癌早期诊断的新思路（英文）

目前临床上有许多怀疑前列腺癌但穿刺阴性的病例,为了避免漏诊,多数患者必须接受重复穿刺。尽管部分患者经重复穿刺确诊为前列腺癌,而更多患者经过长期随访以及反复穿刺最终确诊为良性病变。近期研究证实,癌灶附近的组织学表现正常的组织中也可发生与癌灶相似的分子改变。因此,我们认为在前列腺癌的发生过程中存在区域效应。在这一理论指导下,选择适当的可反映前列腺癌区域效应的标记物,在穿刺阴性的标本中检出与癌灶相似的分子改变,就可以帮助临床医生在常规病理诊断之前,提前预测前列腺癌的发生。如果能够找到这样的标记物,并在大规模的诊断试验中证实其可行性,那么就可以极大地改善前列腺癌诊断的现状。     

血糖与前列腺癌患者的关系

目的:探讨前列腺活检患者的血糖与前列腺癌患者的关系。方法:前瞻性收集416例初次经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检患者的血糖、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)和Gleason评分等临床资料,所有患者以血糖浓度6.1 mmol/L为界分成两组,比较高血糖组和正常血糖组前列腺癌检出率和Gleason评分的差异。结果:416例前列腺活检患者中,检出前列腺癌165例,高血糖组38例(40.00%),正常血糖组127例(39.56%),差异无统计学意义(P0.05);低级别前列腺癌(Gleason7分)患者的构成比分别为0.184、0.071,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Spearman等级相关分析显示前列腺癌患者的血糖值与Gleason评分呈负相关(r=-0.228,P0.05)。结论:血糖对前列腺活检患者中前列腺癌检出率没有影响,但提高了低级别前列腺癌患者的构成比,血糖是影响前列腺癌Gleason评分的一个独立因素。     

前列腺癌早期诊断新方法

以色列魏兹曼研究院在前列腺癌诊断研究中发现,前列腺癌变组织中的锌浓度会明显降低,因而,通过绘制前列腺中锌浓度图谱来发现和预测癌症,为前列腺癌早期诊断提供一种新的方法。     

PSA及其相关检测指标在早期前列腺癌诊断中的临床价值

前列腺癌(PCa)是影响老年男性的恶性肿瘤之一,具有较高的发病率和死亡率,我国PCa患者人数逐年升高,因此进行早期的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)对于早期PCa的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要作用,本文分别对PSA相关指标(F/TPSA、CPSA、PSAV、PSAD、PSATZ)应用于早期PCa诊断中的价值进行综述,旨在为临床诊断PCa提供理论依据。     

前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌诊断中的应用研究

前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigenPSA)是1979年Wang等首先从前列腺组织内分离和提纯出来的一种特异性糖蛋白,PSA在前列腺腺上皮细胞合成和分泌,其产生和分泌受雄激素的调节,具有组织特异性。正常状态下,PSA存在于     

前列腺特异性抗原在前列腺癌诊断中的应用进展

已经证明,前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）是一种有价值的前列腺癌（PCa)肿瘤标记物,血清PSA的广泛使用提高了前列腺癌的检出率,使晚期癌患得明显减少。然而,PSA对PCa的检测缺乏特异性,由于其高的假阳性率,引起许多不必要的活检。为了提高PSA对PCa诊断的特异性,降低不必要的活检,众多学正在探讨与PSA相关的几项参数的临床应用价值,本就此作一综述。     

PSA在前列腺增生和前列腺癌中的诊断价值

目的：探讨临床上检测前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的变化情况对前列腺增生和前列腺癌等疾病的诊断价值。方法：采用回顾性分析的方法,选取2010年6月至2012年4月在我院泌尿科接受治疗的前列腺增生患者64例定义为前列腺增生组（BPH）,前列腺癌患者83例定义为前列腺癌组（PCa）,另选取同期接受体检的健康人群137例作为对照组。分别检测三组患者入院时的游离前列腺特异性抗原和总前列腺特异性抗原的水平变化情况。对比并分析三组检测结果。结果：经检测,前列腺增生患者的血清总PSA明显高于对照组健康人群的正常值,而前列腺癌患者的血清总PSA比前列腺增生患者增高的更为明显。对照组游离PSA为（2．78±0．94）ng／mL,总PSA（1．05±0．57）ng／mL,游离PSA与总PSA的比值为,（0．38±0．61）;前列腺增生患者游离PSA为（6．36＋3．24）ng／mL,总PSA为（1．64±0．76）ng／mL,游离PSA与总PSA的比值为（0．26±0．23）;前列腺癌患者游离PSA为（12．42±4．97）ng／mL,总PSA为（1．44±0．78）ng／mL,游离PSA与总PSA的比值为（0．12±0．16）。组间比较差异明显,具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：对患者的PSA进行检测,对前列腺增生和前列腺癌的诊断具有良好的辅助作用和,临床价值。     

表达人前列腺干细胞抗原小鼠前列腺癌模型的建立

目的探讨并建立可供药物评价或生物学功能研究的表达人PSCA抗原的小鼠肿瘤模型。方法克隆人PSCA基因,构建pcDNA-PSCA质粒,稳定转染RM-1细胞,用RT-PCR和流式检测的方法筛选稳定表达人PSCA抗原的RM-PSCA细胞株;再将RM-PSCA细胞接种C57BL/6小鼠,观察其致瘤性,并寻找能够稳定致瘤的细胞数量;进而观测RM-PSCA所致肿瘤的生长情况及小鼠存活状况。结果筛选到了表达人PSCA抗原的RM-PSCA细胞,且1×105个肿瘤细胞能够保证10只实验小鼠全部成瘤;所致肿瘤生长迅速,接种后小鼠的平均存活时间为37 d。结论该研究成功的建立了稳定表达人PSCA抗原的小鼠肿瘤模型。     

肾脏黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌三例报道并文献复习

目的探讨肾脏黏液性小管状和梭形细胞癌(mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma,MTSCC)的临床病理学特点。方法对3例MTSCC进行光镜、特殊染色、免疫组织化学染色及荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测,并复习临床资料及相关文献。结果 3例MTSCC中,2例为男性,1例女性,年龄分别为50、71、75岁(中位71岁),例2临床表现为腰痛,3例均无肉眼血尿。肿瘤长径分别为2.0cm、3.5cm、6.0cm(中位3.5cm),肿瘤切面灰白色,与周围肾实质界限清晰,例2局部伴出血、坏死。组织学上肿瘤由温和一致的立方细胞紧密排列成狭长的小管结构及梭形细胞两种成分构成,例1、例3部分肿瘤细胞胞质透明,例1黏液性间质稀少;例2、例3间质内见泡沫细胞聚集。免疫表型:3例均表达AMCAR、CK7、CK19、EMA、NSE等,Ki-67低于5%。FISH结果:3例均无乳头状肾细胞癌的染色体异常:3、7、17染色体扩增及Y染色体丢失。结论MTSCC为低级别肾细胞癌,形态学谱系广泛,免疫表型表达远曲小管上皮标记(AMCAR、CK7、CK19、EMA、NSE等),主要需与乳头状肾细胞癌相鉴别,一般预后较好,术后仍须密切随访。     

前列腺癌适配体的研究进展及其应用

寻找一种高特异性高灵敏度的方法对于前列腺癌的早期发现和及早干预,进而提高患者的生存率及生活质量十分重要。适配体(Aptamer)是由一段寡聚核苷酸链折叠形成的特定三维结构,能高亲和性、高特异性地靶向不同的分子。自上世纪90年代,许多研究者致力于适配体的研究,目前,适配体在药物递送、肿瘤诊疗等方面的研究已取得较大进展。本文将对前列腺癌适配体新近的研究进展及其应用进行综述,以期为将来进一步的研究和临床应用提供参考。     

Clinical and radiological features of breast tumors according to history of false-positive results in mammography screening

BackgroundWomen with a false-positive result after a screening mammogram have an increased risk of cancer detection in subsequent participations, especially after assessments involving cytology or biopsy. We aimed to compare women's personal characteristics, tumoral features and the radiological appearance of cancers with and without a previous false-positive result generated by additional imaging or invasive procedures.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2007, 111,098 women aged 45–69 years participated in four population-based breast cancer screening programs in Spain, and 1281 cancers were detected. We included all cancers detected in subsequent screenings (n = 703) and explored the occurrence of previous false-positive results. We identified false-positives requiring additional imaging or invasive procedures. Differences on tumoral features (invasiveness, tumor size, and lymph node status) and radiological appearance were assessed by Chi-square test, and agreement between the location of cancer and prior suspicious by Cohen's kappa coefficient. A multivariate analysis was preformed to evaluate the effect of previous screening results and age on the odds of presenting an in situ carcinoma.ResultsAmong the 703 cancers detected in subsequent screenings, 148 women (21.1%) had a previous false-positive result. Of these, 105 were by additional imaging and 43 by invasive procedures. Women with prior false-positive result requiring invasive assessment, compared to women with negative tests, and women with prior false-positive requiring additional imaging, had a higher proportion of in situ carcinomas (31.7%, 15.3%, 12.9%, respectively; p = 0.014) and microcalcifications (37.2%, 20.2%, 9.5%, respectively; p = 0.003). The proportion of in situ carcinomas was even higher in women over 60 years (39.2%, 12.5%, 13.0%, respectively; p = 0.001). Ipsilateral cancer was observed in 65.7% of cases with prior cytology or biopsy (k = 0.479; 95%CI: 0.330–0.794).ConclusionA large number of in situ malignancies and calcification patterns were found among women with prior false-positive result in mammography screening requiring cytology or biopsies, suggesting progression from a previously benign lesion.     

K-ras基因突变及表达与胰腺癌的关系

目的:探讨K-ras基因突变及蛋白表达对胰腺癌的诊断价值。方法:采用突变等位基因特异性扩增(PCR-MASA)检测31例胰腺癌和22例非胰腺癌石蜡包埋组织中K-ras基因12密码子点突变情况,并通过免疫组化法检测其K-ras蛋白的表达。结果:胰腺癌患者K-ras基因12密码子点突变率为80.6%(25/31),K-ras蛋白表达阳性率为87.1%(27/31);而非胰腺癌患者K-ras基因12密码子点突变率为27.3%(6/22),K-ras蛋白表达阳性率31.8%(7/22)。胰腺癌患者K-ras基因突变率及K-ras蛋白表达阳性率均明显高于非胰腺癌患者(P均0.05)。K-ras基因突变与其蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.542,P0.05),而与胰腺癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、临床分期及分化程度等临床病理特征均无显著相关性(P均0.05)。结论:胰腺癌K-ras基因突变的发生率升高,且K-ras蛋白表达异常上调,二者可能有助于胰腺癌的诊断。     

Pressure sensing using a completely flexible organic transistor

In this paper, we report on pressure sensors based on completely flexible organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). A flexible and transparent plastic foil (Mylar) is employed both as substrate and gate dielectric. Gold source and drain electrodes are patterned on the upper side of the foil while the gate electrode lies on the opposite side; a vacuum-sublimed pentacene film is used as active layer. The pressure dependence of the output current has been investigated by applying to the gate side of the device a mechanical stimulus by means of a pressurized airflow. Experimental results show a reversible dependence of the current on the pressure. The data analysis suggests that the current variations are due to pressure-induced variations of mobility, threshold voltage and possibly contact resistance. The drain current variation is reproducible, linear and reversible even though it displays a hysteresis. Moreover, the sensor responds very fast to the mechanical stimulus (i.e. within tens–hundreds of milliseconds) but the time required to reach the steady state is much higher (tens–hundreds of seconds). Electrical characteristics with and without applied pressure have been carried out in air without any extra ad hoc read-out circuit or equipment.

The reported devices show potential advantages of flexibility of the structure, low cost and versatility of the device structure for sensor technologies. Many innovative and attractive applications as wearable electronics, e-textiles, e-skin for robots can be considered.     

Association between EBRT dose volume histograms and quality of life in prostate cancer patients

Aim

To evaluate the association between dose–volume histogram (DVH) values in organs at risk (OAR) and patient-reported HRQoL outcomes.

经直肠剪切波弹性成像技术联合血清CEA、PSA、FPSA对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值研究

摘要 目的：研究经直肠剪切波弹性成像技术（TRSWE）联合血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（FPSA）对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法：选取合肥市第二人民医院2019年1月～2022年6月收治的90例前列腺病变患者,根据病理检查分为前列腺癌组（47例）和前列腺良性病变组（43例）。对所有前列腺病变患者均行TRSWE检查,分析前列腺良恶性病变的图像差异以及弹性模量最大值（Emax）、弹性模量平均值（Emean）。检测所有前列腺病变患者的血清CEA、PSA、FPSA水平并进行对比。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析明确Emax值、Emean值以及血清CEA、PSA、FPSA水平联合诊断前列腺良恶性病变的效能。结果：前列腺癌组Emax值、Emean值均高于前列腺良性病变组（均P＜0.05）。前列腺癌组血清CEA、PSA及FPSA水平均高于前列腺良性病变组（均P＜0.05）。经ROC曲线分析发现,Emax值、Emean值以及血清CEA、PSA、FPSA水平联合检测诊断前列腺良恶性病变的效能优于上述5项指标单独检测。结论：TRSWE联合血清CEA、PSA、FPSA对前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值较高,可有效提升前列腺癌的检出率,可能值得临床推广应用。     

Surface Plasmon as a Probe of Local Field Enhancement

New method of experimental determination of local field enhancement at metal nanoparticles is suggested. It uses surface plasmon as a probe. Alternating-sign shift of surface plasmon resonance in copper nanoparticles incorporated in silica matrix has been observed under irradiation by intense femtosecond laser pulse. The red shift of plasmon observed during the action of pump pulse is interpreted as a result of change of dielectric constant of silica matrix due to optical Kerr effect in electric field of pump pulse enhanced in a vicinity of metal nanoparticles. The field enhancement factor is estimated from the value of the observed red shift of plasmon resonance.