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1.
为了探索爬行动物消化道内分泌细胞的分布规律和分泌类型,以改良龙桂开银染法对巴西彩龟、无蹼壁虎消化道嗜银细胞进行了观察,结果表明两种动物从食管到大肠都有嗜银细胞的分布,均在胃幽门或十二指肠有突出的分布密度高峰,在小肠末段或大肠始段有次分布密度高峰,巴西彩龟在食管还有第3分布密度高峰;嗜银细胞多数为毛笔头样、高脚杯状、锥体形、长梭形、椭圆形、不规则形等,多数嗜银细胞可见有明显的突起伸向管腔方向和向管腔释放分泌颗粒的现象,少数可见有伸向基膜或其周围的突起和向基膜或其周围释放分泌颗粒现象,这提示消化道内分泌细胞有闭合型和开放型两种,但更多的是开放型.  相似文献   

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扬子鳄消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察   总被引:33,自引:2,他引:33  
该文用龙桂开浸银法对扬子鳄消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态进行了观察。结果表明:嗜银细胞分布于整个消化道中,从食道到直肠。其中,十二指肠和回、直肠交接处密度很高,胃体及直肠很低。嗜银细胞形态多样。食道嗜银细胞位于上皮基部和固有膜中,呈椭圆形或不规则形。胃嗜银细胞位于胃腺部,圆形或椭圆形,有的可见明显的胞突。肠嗜银细胞位于上皮细胞之间,呈长柱形、纺锤形、长颈瓶形或锤状。多数细胞两端有较长胞突,分别与固有膜  相似文献   

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多疣壁虎肠道内分泌细胞的分布及形态学观察   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
用光镜和电镜对多疣壁虎肠道嗜银细胞的分布及形态做了初步的观察,结果显示,十二指肠嗜银细胞密度最高,大肠次之,空、回肠较低;作者认为嗜银细胞的分布与动物生活环境是相关的,嗜银细胞形态多样,位于肠上皮细胞之间和固有层结缔组织中,电镜下,嗜银细胞内充满足电子致密颗粒,十二指肠和大肠嗜银细胞颗粒大小和密度不同。根据内分泌特点的不同,可分为开放型和闭合型两类。本文还对多疣壁虎肠道嗜银细胞的分布及形态特点做了探讨。  相似文献   

5.
目的 对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)消化道的嗜银细胞及5种内分泌细胞进行鉴别与定位。方法应用整块组织Grimelius银染法和过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素(SP法)免疫组织化学技术结合生物统计学分析。结果嗜银细胞在克氏原螫虾消化道除幽门胃外的各段均有分布,位于消化道上皮细胞间及结缔组织中。五羟色胺(5-HT)细胞在除幽门胃外的消化道各段均有分布。生长抑素(SS)细胞仅在食道和后肠中有分布。胃泌素(Gas)细胞分布于除幽门胃和中肠外的消化道各段。胰高血糖素(Glu)细胞在除幽门胃外的整个消化道均有分布,在食道和贲门胃中最多。胰多肽(PP)细胞仅在肠道中有较多分布。结论克氏原螫虾消化道中存在多种内分泌细胞,它们的分布情况与其它甲壳动物存在一定的共性,然而也有其一定的特异性。  相似文献   

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采用Grimelius银染法,对中国黄羽鹌鹑(Coturnix aponica)消化道嗜银细胞胚后发育的分布规律和形态结构进行了观察。结果显示,口腔、食管、嗉囊和泄殖腔中未发现嗜银细胞,其余部位均有不同数量的分布,其分布呈波浪形,大多数日龄段在腺胃和结直肠中存在2个分布高峰,回肠次之,十二指肠、空肠、盲肠较少,随着日龄增加,不同部位嗜银细胞数量均先增加,后减少,在100 d时达高峰。嗜银细胞主要分布在腺胃腺叶内细胞之间、肠黏膜上皮细胞之间及固有层内,形态多呈圆形、椭圆形、锥形及梭形等。结合嗜银细胞形态与功能间的联系,发现消化道内广泛分布着4种类型的嗜银细胞。我们认为中国黄羽鹌鹑消化道的嗜银细胞具有内分泌、外分泌及旁分泌3种功能,其分布特点可能与动物的食性及生活环境有关。  相似文献   

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用链霉亲合素 生物素 过氧化物酶复合物 (StreptAvidin Biotin peroxidaseComplex ,SABC)免疫细胞化学方法和兔抗人神经肽Y与兔抗人 β 内啡肽抗体对鲻鱼肠道不同部位的内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位研究。结果显示 ,这两种神经肽的免疫活性内分泌细胞不同程度地分布在鲻鱼前肠前段和后段、中肠和后肠。神经肽Y免疫活性细胞的形态多样 ,大多数属开放型细胞 ,具有胞质突起 ,少数为封闭型细胞 ,阳性细胞一般出现在肠褶的中部和近端部。β 内啡肽免疫活性细胞则几乎为封闭型细胞 ,且定位在肠褶基部。神经肽Y主要分布在前肠前段和后段 ,分布密度分别为 18.7个细胞 mm2 和 2 6 .3个细胞 mm2 ,而在中肠和后肠仅少量分布 ( <5 .5个细胞 mm2 )。β 内啡肽的分布密度在后肠最高 ,达 31.5个细胞 mm2 ,其次从前肠前段至中肠顺序递减。还讨论了这两种神经肽在鲻鱼肠道中的生理作用  相似文献   

9.
东亚腹链蛇消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
王淼  甄靓靓  李淑兰  赵文阁 《四川动物》2007,26(2):278-280,I0004
应用Grimelius银染法研究了东亚腹链蛇(Amphiesma vibakari)消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态。结果表明:在东亚腹链蛇的消化道中嗜银细胞分布广泛,见于全消化道。其分布密度曲线大致呈波浪形,其中胃部是嗜银细胞分布密度的高峰,胃幽门次之,回肠分布密度最低。嗜银细胞形态多样,主要以锥体形为主,其次还有圆形、椭圆形。广泛分布于上皮细胞基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间。结论:东亚腹链蛇消化道嗜银细胞分布型的形成与各部位消化功能有关;根据其形态,我们认为东亚腹链蛇消化道内嗜银细胞具有内分泌、外分泌、旁分泌3种功能。  相似文献   

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应用ABC免疫组化技术,用抑胃多肽、5-羟色胺和内啡肽3种哺乳动物抗血清对鲢、鳙、银鲫和团头鲂的肠粘膜中内分泌细胞进行了检测。结果4种鱼的肠粘膜中均有抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞存在,但未发现5-羟色胺和内啡肽的免疫反应。抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞主要分布在前肠前段,并单个地散布在肠褶顶部上皮细胞与杯状细胞之间,多呈长梭形。本文比较了不同食性鱼类和其他动物肠道抑胃多肽免疫反应内分泌细胞的分布规律,讨论了用5-羟色胺和内啡肽免疫染色的结果。  相似文献   

11.
四种鲤科鱼肠道中高血糖素免疫活性内分泌细胞的研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
应用过氧化物酶抗过氧化物酶(PAP)免疫组织化学技术,用4种哺乳动物中培育出的抗血清对草鱼、青鱼、鲤和翘嘴红鲌4种鲤科鱼的肠内分泌细胞进行免疫、组织化学的鉴别和定位.证实了高血糖素免疫活性内分泌细胞在草鱼整个肠道中均呈阳性反应;在鲤、青鱼前肠中仅有少量阳性反应;在翘嘴红鲌肠道中未见阳性反应。胃蛋白酶原(Pepsinogen)、凝乳酶(Prochymosin)和神经特异烯醇酶(Neuron specific enolase)3种抗血清在4种鱼的肠道中均未发现阳性反应.本文重点描述草鱼高血糖素免疫活性内分泌细胞在肠道各段的分布,密度及其形态学特征,还就其可能的生理功能与草食性哺乳动物胃肠道中该类内分泌细胞进行比较和讨论。  相似文献   

12.
Endocrine cells of the larval intestine of Rana temporaria tadpoles have been identified by argyrophilic, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical techniques. Scarce endocrine cells have been found in both the short non-absorptive zone immediately following the stomach, and in the rest of the anterior intestine. Endocrine cells are frequently seen to extend a cytoplasmic process towards the lumen. Immunoreactivity for serotonin, somatostatin, bombesin and cholecystokinin-8 has been detected. According to the ultrastructural traits of the endocrine granules, three larval intestinal endocrine populations have been differentiated.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Enteroendocrine cells containing glucagon-, substance P-, neurotensin- and VIP-like substances have been demonstrated immunocytochemically in the gut of Barbus conchonius. Mainly based on the distribution of the immunoreactive endocrine cells in this and a previous* study, at least eight different enteroendocrine cell types appear to be present in this stomachless fish: 1. C-terminal-gastrinimmunoreactive cells*, predominantly present in the upper parts of the folds of the proximal part of the intestinal bulb. 2. Metenkephalin-immunoreactive cells*, basally located in the folds of the first segment. 3. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-immunoreactive cells*, mainly present in the first half of the first segment. 4. Glucagon-like-immunoreactive (GLI) cells that are basally located in the folds of the first segment and that contain a different polypeptide (possibly glicentin) than pancreatic glucagon cells. 5. Substance P-immunoreactive cells, present in the upper parts of the folds throughout the gut. 6. C-terminal-neurotensin-immunoreactive cells, basally located in the folds throughout the first segment. 7. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive cells, present in small numbers in the proximal part of the intestinal bulb. 8. Nonspecifically-immunoreactive cells*, found throughout the intestinal bulb. Many VIP-immunoreactive nerves have been demonstrated in the smooth muscle layer and myenteric plexus of the gut; furthermore some of them are peptide histidineisoleucine (PHI)-immunoreactive. Substance P-, somatostatin-, neurotensin- and met-enkephalin-immunoreactive nerves are also found. Thus, at least partial sequences of four different mammalian neuropeptide hormones (VIP, substance P, neurotensin, met-enkephalin) occur both in endocrine cells and enteric nerves of the gut of B. conchonius.  相似文献   

14.
牛蛙胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学鉴定与定位   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用过氧化物酶标记的链霉卵白素(S-P)免疫组织化学方法对牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)胃肠胰系统5种内分泌细胞进行了鉴定与定位.在消化道中检测到了5-羟色胺(5-HT)、生长抑素(SS)、胃泌素(Gas)和胰高血糖素(Glu)细胞.5-HT细胞主要分布于胃幽门部和空肠,食道中偶见.SS细胞主要分布于胃,幽门部较密集,小肠各段少量,直肠和食道偶见.Gas细胞主要分布于小肠各段,胃和直肠中偶见,食道中未检测到.Glu细胞主要分布于胃和直肠,小肠各段偶见,食道中未检测到.在胰腺中检测出了5-HT、SS、Gas、Glu和胰多肽(PP)细胞.SS、Glu和PP细胞数量较多,成簇分布于胰岛中,5-HT和Gas细胞少量,散在分布于胰腺腺泡之间.胃腺部和胰腺内分泌细胞多呈圆形、椭圆形或形态不规则,有的可见明显胞突伸向邻近细胞,胃肠道上皮中的内分泌细胞多呈梭形、楔形或锥形,有的可见明显胞突伸向消化腔.与其它两栖动物相比,牛蛙胃肠胰系统内分泌细胞的存在与分布有一些共性,也存在着种间差异.  相似文献   

15.
Endocrine cells of so-called basal-granulated-open type in the intestinal epithelium of a cyclostome, the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), are characterized ultrastructurally and fluorescence microscopically. These cells regularly extend from the basal lamina to the gut lumen, ending in an apical process with microvilli and a filamentous surface coat. Fasting results in an accumulation of secretion granules in all cytoplasmic portions, except for the terminal web area. A similarity is recorded between the distribution of secretion granules and the finely granular fluorescamine-induced fluorescence, suggesting that the fluorescence is associated to some component(s) of the secretory granules. Granule release may take place at the base after an adequate stimulus (presence of food?) at the luminal portion of the cells. The formaldehyde condensation technique shows that insulin-containing hagfish islet parenchymal cells, but not intestinal endocrine cells, store dopamine after intestinal supply of the amine precursor. Acidification of formaldehyde vapour-fixed intestinal epithelium induces fluorescence in the granules of zymogen cells but not of endocrine cells, indicating a low concentration of tryptophyl-peptide(s) in the secretory granules of hagfish intestinal endocrine cells.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Endocrine cells containing bombesin-, enkephalin-, gastrin/CCK-, 5-HT-, and substance P-like material were demonstrated in the alimentary tract of Poecilia reticulata and Leuciscus idus melanotus. Endocrine cells with neuropeptide-Y-like immunoreactivity were found only in P. reticulata, those with VIP-like immunoreactivity only in L. idus melanotus. Gut nerves showing bombesin-, G/CCK-5-HT-, neurotensin-, substance P-and VIP-like immunoreactivity were observed in both species investigated, enkephalin- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in P. reticulata alone. The distribution and amount of endocrine cells and nerves along the gut as visualized with the appropriate antisera varied in both teleosts. Histologically, the intestinal tract of these stomachless fish can be divided into three regions. A large number of endocrine cells with VIP-like immunoreactivity was noted in the rectum of L. idus melanotus. Endocrine cells containing bombesin-, enkepha-lin- and substance P-like material were found only in intestinal parts I and II in L. idus melanotus. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was absent from intestinal part I of P. reticulata. The influence of starvation on the immunoreactivity of nerves and enteroendocrine cells in the teleost intestine was examined. After a starvation period of more than 6 weeks, no alterations were observed either in the appearance or amount of nerve and endocrine cell immunoreactivity.  相似文献   

17.
This study aimed to investigate the distribution of argyrophil, argentaffin, and insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the large intestine of opossums (Didelphis aurita) and to describe the ultrastructure of the secretory granules of insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells. Fragments of the large intestine of 10 male specimens of D. aurita were collected, processed, and subjected to staining, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The argyrophil, the argentaffin, and the insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells were sparsely distributed in the intestinal glands of the mucous layer, among other cell types of the epithelium in all regions studied. Proportionally, the argyrophil, the argentaffin, and the insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells represented 62.75%, 36.26%, and 0.99% of the total determined endocrine cells of the large intestine, respectively. Quantitatively, there was no difference between the argyrophil and the argentaffin endocrine cells, whereas insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells were less numerous. The insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells were elongated or pyramidal, with rounded nuclei of irregularly contoured, and large amounts of secretory granules distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The granules have different sizes and electron densities and are classified as immature and mature, with the mature granules in predominant form in the overall granular population. In general, the granule is shown with an external electron-lucent halo and electron-dense core. The ultrastructure pattern in the granules of the insulin-immunoreactive endocrine cells was similar to that of the B cells of pancreatic islets in rats.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Four immunoreactive endocrine cell types can be distinguished in the pancreatic islets of B. conchonius: insulin-producing B cells, somatostatin-producing A1 (= D) cells, glucagon-producing A2 cells and pancreatic poly-peptide-producing PP cells. The principal islet of this species contains only a few PP cells, while many PP cells are present in the smaller islets. Except for the B cell all pancreatic endocrine cell types are also present in the pancreatic duct.At least six enteroendocrine cell types are present in the gut of B. conchonius: 1. a cell type (I) with small secretory granules, present throughout the intestine, and possibly involved in the regulation of gut motility; 2. a C-terminal gastrin immunoreactive cell, probably producing a caerulein-like peptide; these cells are located at the upper parts of the folds, especially in the proximal part of the intestinal bulb; 3. a met-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell, present throughout the first segment; 4. a glucagon-immunoreactive cell, which is rare in the first segment; 5. a PP-immunoreactive cell, mainly present in the first half of the first segment; 6. an immunoreactive cell, which cannot at present be specified, located in the intestinal bulb. The latter four cell types are mostly located in the basal parts of the folds, although some PP-immunoreactive cells can also be found in the upper parts.Most if not all enteroendocrine cells are of the open type. The possible functions of all enteroendocrine cell types are discussed.Abbreviations BPP bovine pancreatic polypeptide - CCK cholecystokinin - GEP gastro-entero-pancreatic - GIP gastric inhibitory peptide or glucose-dependent insulin releasing peptide - PPP pig pancreatic polypeptide - VIP vasoactive intestinal polypeptide  相似文献   

19.
Intestinal motility disorders are an important problem in the postoperative management of patients with intestinal atresia. Intestinal motility could be initiated by luminal factors that activate intrinsic and extrinsic primary afferent nerves involved in the peristaltic reflex. Endocrine cells act as a key point, because they transfer information regarding the intestinal contents and intraluminal pressure to nerve fibers lying in close proximity to the basolateral surface of the epithelium. In chick embryo, experimental intestinal atresia is associated with disorders in the development of the enteric nervous system, related to the severity of intestinal dilation. Our aim was to investigate the distribution pattern of endocrine cells in the developing endocrine system of chick embryo small intestine with experimentally-induced atresia on day 12 and on day 16. Changes in enteroendocrine population were examined in gut specimens (excised proximal and distal to the atresia) from experimental embryos 19 days old and in control sham-operated chick embryos at the same age. Sections from proximal and distal bowel and control bowel were stained with Grimelius silver stain, a valuable histochemical method for detecting the argyrophil and argentophilic cells, and with an immunohistochemical procedure for detecting serotonin and neurotensin immunoreactive cells. In chick embryo proximal bowel, intestinal dilation differed in the various embryos. We found significantly higher enteroendocrine cell counts in proximal bowel than in distal and control bowel. The differences depended on the precociousness of surgery and the severity of dilation. Considering the major contribution of enteroendocrine cells to the peristaltic reflex, our data may help to explain the pathogenesis of motility disorders related to intestinal atresia.  相似文献   

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