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1.
于2006年至2009年间对环青海湖鸻鹬类的群落特征和时空分布进行了资源调查,以期对青海湖保护管理提供科学依据。根据青海湖的地形、植被和水系分布以及水鸟聚集特点,环青海湖选择了15个调查地点,采用直接计数法进行了14次调查,并应用Shannon-wiener指数进行了多样性分析。共记录到鸻鹬类4科28种。数量上红脚鹬(Tringa totanus)、环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)和黑尾塍鹬(Limosa limosa)是当地的主要物种,分别占鸻鹬类调查总数的33.3%、22.0%和16.2%。分布上环颈鸻最为广泛,在各调查地点均有发现,其次为红脚鹬、黑尾塍鹬和青脚滨鹬(Calidris temminckii),分布地点达10处以上。黑马河和布哈河口多样性较高,这与其适宜的河漫滩和沼泽等栖息环境以及丰富的食物有关。季节上8~10月多样性较高,其次是4~5月。青海湖鸻鹬类的数量高峰依次为10月、8月和5月,物种数高峰为8月和4月,并且秋季物种数高于春季。主要物种红脚鹬和环颈鸻的迁徙动态较为一致,均是8月份达到全年数量最高值,次高峰为5月和10月;黑尾塍鹬的数量在10月份达到全年最高峰。青海湖鸻鹬类迁徙时间与渤海湾较为一致,这可能与历史上长期形成的迁徙模式有关。鄱阳湖和洞庭湖的鸻鹬类主要物种与青海湖比较接近,但数量远远多于青海湖。近年来,游客和游船等人为活动的增加导致青海湖产生局部污染,因此应重视环青海湖生态环境的保护管理,减少对鸻鹬类等水鸟栖息地的人为干扰。  相似文献   

2.
2018年7月-2019年5月,采用样线法和样点法对启东长江口(北支)自然保护区恒大海上威尼斯碧海银沙海水浴场内鸟类多样性进行了调查,共记录到鸟类9目23科51种,其中鸻形目、雁形目、鹳形目、鸊鷉目等水鸟为鸟类群落的构成主体。不同季节鸟类多样性指数(H)依次为秋季迁徙期>春季迁徙期>夏季繁殖期>越冬期,鸟种由多至少依次为越冬期>秋季迁徙期>春季迁徙期>夏季繁殖期,鸟类数量由多至少依次为越冬期>春季迁徙期>秋季迁徙期>夏季繁殖期。从客流季节集中指数R值来看,碧海银沙旅游区客流量受季节影响变动明显,春、秋、冬三季客流量占比过低。对客流量与鸟类多样性相关指标进行相关性分析,发现二者整体呈负相关,月客流量与鸟类种数相关性较高。本研究探讨了滨海旅游与鸟类迁徙之间的关系,为滨海旅游景区在协调旅游与鸟类迁徙的时空错峰管理提供决策依据。  相似文献   

3.
青海湖四种繁殖水鸟活动区域的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2006年4-9月,采用彩色标记、无线电遥测和卫星跟踪等方法,对青海湖四种繁殖水鸟斑头雁(Anser indicus)、棕头鸥(Larus brunnicephalus)、渔鸥(L.ichthyaetus)和鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)的活动区域进行了研究。采用“绳套法”捕捉了45只斑头雁,其中6只于4月安装了无线电发射器,6只于7月安装了卫星发射器;采用“拉网法”捕捉了104只棕头鸥,其中6只于4月安装了无线电发射器;采用“绳套法”捕捉了51只渔鸥,其中2只于4月安装了无线电发射器;采用“扣网法”捕捉了75只鸬鹚,其中6只于5月和6月安装了无线电发射器,4只于8月安装了卫星发射器。通过研究,获得了上述四种繁殖水鸟在青海湖的活动区域,即:斑头雁有3个主要的活动区域,棕头鸥有1个,渔鸥有4个,鸬鹚有2个。其中从鸬鹚岛、蛋岛、布哈河口、铁卜恰河口至泉湾区域是上述四种繁殖水鸟共有的活动区域,该区域也是春秋迁徙季节众多水鸟的重要取食地和停歇地。  相似文献   

4.
2020年5月—2021年4月,对河北衡水湖国家级自然保护区进行了水鸟调查,共记录水鸟82种,隶属于7目14科。其中,鹬科、鹭科和鸭科鸟类共同组成了该区域水鸟群落的优势类群,涉禽种类多、种群规模小,游禽种类少、种群规模大。豆雁、苍鹭、灰翅浮鸥等为自然保护区内水鸟群落的优势种。不同月份水鸟群落的物种丰富度、种群数量、物种多样性指数差异较大,其最大值分别出现在3—4、1和5月。总体上,衡水湖自然保护区水鸟物种丰富度维持较高水平,迁徙期水鸟物种丰富度和Shannon多样性指数更高,越冬期水鸟种群数量更大,7月水鸟物种丰富度最低、Pielou均匀度指数最高。迁徙期的水鸟群落相似度普遍较高,春季迁徙期鸻鹬类种数占比高,秋季迁徙期和越冬期雁鸭类种数占比高、种群数量大。此外,本次调查共记录国家重点保护水鸟18种,集中出现在越冬期及早春和晚秋。  相似文献   

5.
张国钢  刘冬平  侯韵秋  戴铭  陆军 《生态学报》2011,31(15):4398-4404
2008-2010年,对青海可鲁克湖的水鸟季节动态进行了调查。共记录到54种34828只水鸟,隶属于6目11科,雁鸭类水鸟最多,共统计到28445只,占水鸟总数的81.7%;其次是鸥类和鸻鹬类。可鲁克湖在水鸟春秋季迁徙高峰期在4月和10月,这也是水鸟多样性较高的两个月,其主要原因是由于迁徙鸭类数量和种类的增加。卫星跟踪表明,可鲁克湖是青海湖繁殖渔鸥重要的停歇地,渔鸥在可鲁克湖的停歇天数每年也有所不同,2007年和2008年秋季较2006年停歇时间短一些,初步判断与当地的人为干扰有关。当地政府对道路进行修建,其正好位于渔鸥的活动区内,这对渔鸥的日常活动造成较大影响,迫使渔鸥提前离开可鲁克湖。春季停歇天数的不同主要与青海湖面冰融的时间有关,若青海湖由于温度较高,冰融的时间早一些,渔鸥可能提前离开可鲁克湖,前往青海湖进行繁殖活动。  相似文献   

6.
2009年4月至2010年1月,对西藏南部羊卓雍错的水鸟资源状况进行了调查。采用定点观察的方法,沿湖选择了24个观察点,分别在繁殖前期、中期和后期,以及秋季和冬季进行了6次调查。采用核密度分析(Kernel analysis)的方法,对两只卫星跟踪斑头雁(Anser indicus)的活动区进行了分析。调查期间,记录到水鸟32种31044只,隶属于6目10科。雁鸭类和鸥类分别占水鸟总数73.9%和19.1%,主要是斑头雁、赤嘴潜鸭(Rhodonessa rufina)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、棕头鸥(Larus brunnicephalus)等。水鸟多样性较高的季节是春秋迁徙季节。羊卓雍错夏季主要的繁殖种群是斑头雁和棕头鸥,也有少量黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)的繁殖个体;冬季主要物种是赤嘴潜鸭,经常聚集在融化的冰面上。春季斑头雁的数量增加趋势较为明显;进入繁殖期后,斑头雁处于孵卵阶段,繁殖种群的数量达到2000余只;繁殖后期,斑头雁换羽结束,成鸟带领幼鸟在鸟岛附近的湖边取食,此时观察到斑头雁的数量又有明显的增加;秋季斑头雁的南迁致使种群数量呈下降趋势;冬季许多斑头雁从北方如青海湖等地迁来越冬使得种群数量有所增加,多分布于湖西浪卡子县城附近的沼泽湿地和湖南部的绒波臧布河流的入口处。卫星跟踪结果表明,羊卓雍错是青海湖繁殖的斑头雁重要的越冬地之一,湖西部沼泽湿地和湖南部的河流入口处是其主要活动区域,而且该湖与雅鲁藏布江河谷之间通过斑头雁的往来移动存在着联系,因而是西藏南部禽流感监测的重要地点。  相似文献   

7.
2005年高致病性禽流感爆发,导致青海湖数千只斑头雁和中国其他地区大量家禽死亡。首次应用无线电遥测和颈环标记法对青海湖疫区斑头雁在繁殖期的活动性、栖息地利用及其与人的关系进行了研究。斑头雁主要在蛋岛繁殖,在泉湾、尕日拉、黑马河口、铁卜加河口等地觅食。斑头雁在青海湖的活动区为(309.63±172.72)km^2,活动核心区大小为(49.30±19.61)km^2。个体在不同阶段的活动区大小无显著差异。不同繁殖阶段间活动区较稳定,平均有超过一半(56.6%±24.9%)的活动点落入上一阶段的活动区中。由于成鸟在繁殖后期带领幼鸟离开繁殖场所,因而繁殖中、后期的活动区稳定性相对较差。斑头雁对河口、沼泽、草地和湖泊的利用率依次减少。随着繁殖季节的推移,斑头雁对河口的利用率逐渐减小,对沼泽的利用率则逐渐增加。对斑头雁与人的关系研究表明,在地点方面,斑头雁在蛋岛、黑马河口和泉湾与人的接触强度最大;在时间方面,5月份斑头雁与人的接触强度最大。在这些时间和地点,加强旅游管理和对牧民的宣传对禽流感防控非常必要。  相似文献   

8.
2007年7月-2010年11月,对杭州湾曹娥江口至甬江口间潮间带及其附近海涂水库的水鸟群落进行定期监测,共记录9目18科128种.其中,候鸟119种,占总数的93%;而国家重点保护鸟类11种.对13种鸻鹬类和9种鸭类进行种群数量随时间变化的种间相关性分析,两个类群各有21对和23对显著相关.通过对水鸟季节动态及其迁徙模式分析,将其迁徙过程分为6个阶段,即:4月上旬-5月中旬、7月下旬-9月下旬(旅鸟迁徙高峰期)、2月下旬-3月下旬、10月上旬-12月中旬(冬候鸟迁徙高峰期)、12月下旬-次年2月中旬(越冬期)和5月下旬-7月中旬(繁殖期).种间吸引作用可能是影响该区域迁徙季节鸻鹬类和越冬地鸭类群落组成的重要原因,而该区域特殊地理位置和水鸟群落构成可能是造成鸻鹬类春秋季迁徙高峰数量巨大差异的主要因素.  相似文献   

9.
2012—2015年在福建闽江河口湿地采用直接计数法开展了48次水禽调查,共记录水禽175 325只次,隶属7目14科91种。群落主要组成物种包括斑嘴鸭Anas poecilorhyncha、黑腹滨鹬Calidris alpina、三趾滨鹬Calidris alba、环颈鸻Charadrius alexandrinus和铁嘴沙鸻Charadrius leschenaultii等11种,常见种15种,偶见种31种。研究区域11月至翌年2月为越冬期,水禽数量最多,3—6月为春季迁徙期,水禽数量下降,4—9月为夏候鸟栖息期和繁殖期,7—9月部分候鸟和旅鸟开始迁徙过境,数量先升后降,10—11月冬候鸟快速增加,7—11月为秋季迁徙期。  相似文献   

10.
天津地区迁徙水鸟群落的季节动态及种间相关性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对天津地区迁徙水鸟群落的季节变化及迁徙物种间种群数量变化的相关性进行了研究.以每个调查日为聚类实体,以每日调查记录到的每个物种的数量为变量,采用聚类分析法分别对秋季和春季(1998~1999年)的水鸟群落的时间结构进行了聚类分析,得到以下结论秋季天津地区水鸟群落组成按时间顺序大致可以分为4个阶段,分别为9月20日~10月11日、10月16日~10日25日、11月3日~11月20日及11月26日~12月10日;春季也可分为4个阶段,分别为3月7日~3月10日、3月11日~3月14日、3月15日~3月21日及3月25日~4月21日.秋季各种水鸟迁经天津的时间较为集中,大部分种类在11月中、下旬的20多天内进入天津,而春季水鸟群落则大致可分为3月的雁鸭类高峰期和4月的鸻鹬类高峰期.对10种鸭类和10种鸻鹬类进行种间种群数量随时间变化的相关性分析表明,在45个鸭类配对中,有24对呈负相关,21对则呈正相关;在21种正相关的配对中,12对为显著正相关(P<0.05),其中6对为极显著正相关(P<0.001).在45对鸻鹬类配对中,有20对呈负相关, 25对呈正相关.在25对正相关的配对中,有10对显著正相关,其中2对呈极显著正相关.白秋沙鸭(Mergus albellus)、针尾鸭(Anas acuta)、绿翅鸭(A. Crecca)、黑尾塍鹬(Limosa limosa)与其他多个物种的正相关性显著.  相似文献   

11.
青海湖棕头鸥(Larus brunnicephalus)夏秋季活动区研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张国钢  刘冬平  江红星  单凯  侯韵秋  戴铭  楚国忠   《生态学报》2008,28(6):2629-2629~2635
2006年4~9月,采用无线电遥测技术对青海湖重要繁殖水鸟棕头鸥(Larus brunnicephalus)在不同繁殖阶段的活动性,以及与人和鸟的关系进行了研究.对6只棕头鸥个体的遥测结果表明,繁殖初期棕头鸥的活动区较大,进入繁殖中期,活动区明显变小;随后繁殖后期的活动区面积有所增加,到了迁徙前期,活动区面积已接近繁殖初期.不同阶段活动区核心面积(50%Fixed Kernel)与活动区变化趋势基本一致.繁殖初期、中期、后期和迁徙前期活动区面积分别为(15.48 km2±4.54 km2)、(1.61 km2±0.41 km2)、(3.53 km2±2.63 km2)和(11.61 km2±9.36 km2).棕头鸥在不同繁殖阶段的日活动区大小有显著差异.繁殖初期,棕头鸥经常活动于鸬鹚岛、蛋岛和布哈河口,它们都是棕头鸥较好的取食地,鸬鹚岛和蛋岛由于有许多游客投喂食物;在繁殖中期,棕头鸥进入孵化阶段,活动区较繁殖前期明显缩小.由于湟鱼返回布哈河口一带产卵繁殖,棕头鸥经常聚集在此地取食;在繁殖后期,棕头鸥需要寻找大量的食物进行育雏,因此活动范围再度扩大;进入迁徙前期,幼鸟已经长大并学会飞翔,其活动区进一步扩大,与繁殖初期较为接近.  相似文献   

12.
于2009年4 11月,对西藏夯错的水鸟资源状况进行了调查,旨在了解该地区水鸟资源状况的了解,并为禽流感的防控提供了科学依据。在夯错全年共记录到水鸟26种,隶属于6目10科。夯错也是斑头雁和棕头鸥重要的繁殖地。水鸟春秋季迁徙高峰期在4月份和10月份,这也是水鸟多样性较高的2个月,其主要原因是由于迁徙鸭类数量和种类的增加。卫星跟踪研究表明,在繁殖前期,斑头雁活动区面积较大,主要在夯错及其周围的湿地取食;进入繁殖中期,斑头雁的活动范围减少了许多;繁殖后期,随着幼鸟陆续出壳,父母随即带领幼鸟离开夯错,到其它湿地取食和育雏,因此此期的活动区面积较大。由于夯错面积较小,不能满足斑头雁对食物的需求,因此部分斑头雁选择其它湿地作为主要的取食地,但部分扩散到其它湿地的斑头雁在迁徙前期重新返回夯错,使得该时期斑头雁的数量有呈上升趋势。通过与青海湖水鸟资源状况的比较发现,夯错水鸟种类较少,这可能主要是由于两个湖泊所处地理区划的不同,并由此带来的气候环境的差异,以及植被条件的不同所造成的。这种差异主要是由于夯错海拔较高,紫外线很强,气候干燥,植被单一,栖息地类型多样性较低,因此水鸟的种数也相对较少一些。  相似文献   

13.
若尔盖湿地水鸟资源季节变化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
若尔盖湿地位于青藏高原东缘,是我国最大的高寒泥炭湿地之一。2010年从3月至12月,对若尔盖湿地水鸟种类、数量和分布进行了较为系统的调查。共记录到48种26 050只水鸟,隶属于6目12科,其中雁鸭类水鸟最多,共统计到21 408只,占水鸟总数的82.2%。3月和10月是若尔盖湿地水鸟数量的高峰期;11月是低谷期,主要是由于水鸟的迁离和越冬水鸟尚未到达的缘故。尕海是若尔盖湿地的重要组成部分,全年物种数和水鸟数量占了整个若尔盖湿地较大的比例。卫星跟踪的结果表明,青海湖斑头雁(Anser indicus)在若尔盖湿地与云南和贵州的越冬水鸟汇合,因此加强若尔盖湿地禽流感的防控是非常重要的。  相似文献   

14.
Pritton, P. L. &; Erown, L. H. 1974. The status and breeding behaviour of East African Lari. Ostrich 45: 63–82.

This paper summarises and clarifies the East African status of the 24 Lari recorded, especially the breeding of eight terns, two gulls and the African Skimmer.

Breeding seasons are discussed fully. The season for terns and the Sooty Gull on offshore coral islets in northern Kenya, mainly in July-August when the islands are least accessible, is probably a man-orientated defence mechanism rather than a response to food availability. Inland, the Greyheaded Gull breeds in comparatively inaccessible sites, on islands in large lakes, generally during the main rains. Here it is believed more likely that food supplies are influenced by the onset of rains, and that the inaccessibility of sites at that season is a secondary advantage. Whiskered Tern breeding is mainly initiated by the onset of rains and the consequent creation of suitable habitat. It is uncertain what factors influence Skimmers to breed mainly in April-May at Lake Rudolf, Kenya. Elsewhere, Skimmers breed on exposed sandbanks along large rivers during the dry season.

Further miscellaneous data, including clutch size and nest sites. are given for all species. The highly erratic breeding of up to 8 000 pairs of Roseate Terns on the Kenya coast is noteworthy. It seems likely that only a proportion of the total adult population breeds in any one year.

The seasonal status and movements of both breeding and non-breeding species is described. In particular, it is shown that Skimmers breeding during the dry season in the southern tropics spend the off-season in the western rift, regularly north to the Equator and beyond, on the Nile in western Uganda. Lake Rudolf breeders probably wander widely in Kenya, occasionally to the coast, northern Tanzania and eastern Uganda.  相似文献   

15.
Ewins  P. J.  Weseloh  D. V.  Groom  J. H.  Dobos  R. Z.  Mineau  P. 《Hydrobiologia》1994,(1):39-55
In the Great Lakes, the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) is a prominent member of the aquatic bird community, and has been used to monitor spatial and temporal trends in contaminant levels. To understand more fully contaminant loading outside the breeding season, we analysed the contents of 1298 freshly regurgitated pellets and 179 fresh faeces, collected in March and early April 1978–83, and between late December and late February 1990–91, from the vicinity of breeding colonies in Lakes Ontario and Erie, the Niagara River, Detroit River, and south-eastern parts of Lake Huron. Most adult Herring Gulls from the Great Lakes population winter in these areas, but there is no published account of their food habits other than during the breeding season. Most pellets from colonies close to large urban centres contained remains of garbage, as well as various fish species. Small mammals, notably Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) dominated the early spring diet at Lake Huron colonies near agricultural areas. At all other sites fish predominated in pellets and faeces, but garbage items were also recorded regularly. The species of fish consumed varied regionally, probably reflecting local availability. In Lake Ontario, Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) and Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) occurred most frequently in samples, whereas Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) was the main fish prey in Lake Erie and the Detroit River. Dietary differences were apparent between years, within seasons, and amongst areas. While these may have reflected some real differences in food availability, interpretation of these results was confounded by various biases inherent in the sampling of pellets and faeces to determine diet in such an opportunistic species. Therefore, it would be unwise to draw rigid conclusions as to regional or seasonal differences in the diets of piscivorous birds, based upon analyses of diet from only a small sample of sites or years. Herring Gulls appear to feed mainly on fish and garbage in winter and early spring on the lower Great Lakes (much as during the breeding season), but any locally abundant food source is probably exploited opportunistically.  相似文献   

16.
The central‐eastern European populations of sand martin and house martin have declined in the last decades. The drivers for this decline cannot be identified as long as the whereabouts of these long distance migrants remain unknown outside the breeding season. Ringing recoveries of sand martins from central‐eastern Europe are widely scattered in the Mediterranean basin and in Africa, suggesting various migration routes and a broad non‐breeding range. The European populations of house martins are assumed to be longitudinally separated across their non‐breeding range and thus narrow population‐specific non‐breeding areas are expected. By using geolocators, we identified for the first time, the migration routes and non‐breeding areas of sand martins (n = 4) and house martins (n = 5) breeding in central‐eastern Europe. In autumn, the Carpathian Bend and northern parts of the Balkan Peninsula serve as important pre‐migration areas for both species. All individuals crossed the Mediterranean Sea from Greece to Libya. Sand martins spent the non‐breeding season in northern Cameroon and the Lake Chad Basin, within less than a 700 km radius, while house martins were widely scattered in three distinct regions in central, eastern, and southern Africa. Thus, for both species, the expected strength of migratory connectivity could not be confirmed. House martins, but not sand martins, migrated about twice as fast in spring compared to autumn. The spring migration started with a net average speed of > 400 km d–1 for sand martins, and > 800 km d–1 for house martins. However, both species used several stopover sites for 0.5–4 d and were stationary for nearly half of their spring migration. Arrival at breeding grounds was mainly related to departure from the last sub‐Saharan non‐breeding site rather than distance, route, or stopovers. We assume a strong carry‐over effect on timing in spring.  相似文献   

17.
Obligate insectivorous birds breeding in high latitudes travel thousands of kilometres during annual movements to track the local seasonal peaks of food abundance in a continuously fluctuating resource landscape. Avian migrants use an array of strategies when conducting these movements depending on e.g. morphology, life history traits and environmental factors encountered en route. Here we used geolocators to derive data on the annual space‐use, temporal pattern and migratory strategies in an Afro‐Palaearctic aerial insectivorous bird species – the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus. More specifically, we aimed to test a set of hypothesises pertaining to the migration of a population of nightjars breeding in south‐eastern Sweden. We found that the birds wintered across the central and western parts of the southern tropical Africa almost entirely outside the currently described wintering range of the species. The nightjars performed a narrow loop migration across Sahara, with spring Sahel stopovers significantly to the west of autumn stops indicative to an adaptive response to winds during migration. To our surprise, the migration speed was faster in the autumn (119 km d? 1) than in the spring (99 km d? 1), possibly due to the prevailing wind regimes over the Sahara. The estimated flight fraction in both autumn (14%) and spring (12%) was almost exactly as the theoretically predicted 1:7 time relationship between flights and stopovers for small birds. The temporal patterns within the annual cycle indicate that individuals follow alternative spatiotemporal schedules that converge towards the breeding season. The positive relationship between the spatially and temporally distant winter departure and breeding arrival suggests that individuals´ temporal fine‐tuning to breeding may be constrained, leading to potential negative fitness consequences.  相似文献   

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