日本弓背蚁亲系识别的研究

亲系识别在社会昆虫活动中具有重要作用 ,为当前社会昆虫学研究中的五大热点之一。本文对采自西安地区 4巢日本弓背蚁 Camponotusjaponicus Mayr进行了进攻性行为测试 ,并结合酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳对亲系识别进行了综合研究。结果显示行为识别与同工酶电泳反应出的亲缘关系有一定相关性。     

蚂蚁亲系识别及研究方法进展

1前言亲系识别（Kinrecognition）是指社会性昆虫具有识别亲属与非亲属的能力,它被认为是昆虫社会性起源和演化的必要条件。此外,亲系识别在昆虫个体间的通讯、协作和繁衍等社会生活中具有重要作用。蚂蚁是社会性昆虫,许多种类表现出社群封闭性,即社群内相互合作和利它,而社群间表现出相互排斥,甚至强烈的进攻性。这一现象表明蚂蚁具有识别亲系的能力。揭示亲系识别的化学本质和遗传根源,不仅有助于对昆虫超社会性的起源和演化的研究,而且对行为学的其它相关学科（如行为生态学、行为遗传学、行为生理学）,进化生物学的研究以及人…     

广西蚂蚁三新种（膜翅目：蚁科）

本文描述采自广西壮族自治区的蚁科昆虫３新种：光腿切叶蚁Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｍｙｒｍｅｘ ｇｌａｂ ｆｅｍｏｒａｌｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．广西铺道蚁Ｔｅｔｒａｍｏｒｉｕｍ ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。和拟大隐猛蚁Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｐｏｎｔ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｇｉｇａｓ,ｓｐ。ｎｐｖ．正模标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所,副模标本保存于广西师范大学生物系。     

英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性的研究

用１９９５～１９９６年在广西英罗港红树林区取样所得的资料探讨了英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性特点。结果表明,英罗港红树林昆虫种类有１９５种;主要优势中为黑褐举腹蚊（Ｃｒｅｍａｔｏｇａｓｔｅｒ ｒｏｇｅｎｈｏｆｅｒｉ）、东京弓背蚁（Ｃａｍｐｏｎｏｔｕｓ ｔｏｋｉｏｅｎｓｉｓ）和三条螟蛾（Ｄｉｃｈｏｃｒｏｃｒｉｓ ｃｈｏｒｏｐｈａｎｔａ）;内滩昆虫群落多样性高于中滩、外滩。潮汐和风暴对昆虫群落多样性的     

日本弓背蚁消化道厌氧细菌的分离培养

【目的】采用自行设置的厌氧装置,分离培养日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus消化道厌氧细菌。【方法】改进了一种简易的厌氧装置——平皿夹层法,利用4种培养基对日本弓背蚁消化道内厌氧或兼性厌氧菌进行分离培养。【结果】从日本弓背蚁消化道共分离到22个不同的菌株,隶属于厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门3大类群的17个属;4种培养基分离到的细菌种类存在明显差异,选择性较强,其中从LB和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基上分离到的细菌种类较多,分别为10种和8种;从MRS和LBS培养基上分离到的细菌较少,分别为3种和1种;大工蚁和小工蚁的消化道细菌组成也存在差异,可能与其在巢群中担负的功能和职责有关,还有待于进一步研究分析。【结论】利用平皿夹层法可以成功分离到日本弓背蚁肠道的厌氧细菌,该种方法对于其他昆虫消化道厌氧菌的分离培养具有一定的参考价值。     

中国西南地区角腹蚁属和卡蚁属新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科：切叶蚁亚科）

中国西南地区角腹蚁属和卡蚁属新种记述（膜翅目：蚁科：切叶蚁亚科）徐正会,郑哲民（陕西师范大学动物研究所陕西省西安市７１００６２）本文报道了在中国西南地区发现的２个蚂蚁新种。新种女蜗角腹蚁Ｒｅｃｕｒｖｉｄｒｉｓｎｕｗａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．与弯刺角腹蚁Ｒ．ｒ...     

中国西南地区曲颊猛蚁属一新种（膜翅目：蚁科：猛蚁亚科）

本文记述中国西南地区曲颊猛蚁属Ｇｎａｍｐｔｏｇｅｎｙｓ　Ｒｏｇｅｒ１新种──版纳曲颊猛蚁Ｇ．ｂａｎｎａｎａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,本新种与双色曲颊猛蚁Ｇ．ｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ（Ｅｍｅｒｙ）接近,但前者后头角向后延长成叶状突;头、胸、腹柄和腹部第１节具粗糙窝状刻纹;头和足黑色。文中提供了该属中国已知５种的检索表。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性的研究

用1995～1996年在广西英罗港红树林区取样所得的资料探讨了英罗港红树林昆虫群落及其多样性特点.结果表明,英罗港红树林昆虫种类有195种;主要优势种为黑褐举腹蚁(Crematogaster rogenhoferi)、东京弓背蚁(Camponotus tokioensis)和三条螟蛾(Dichocrocris chorophanta);内滩昆虫群落多样性高于中滩、外滩.潮汐和风暴对昆虫群落多样性的影响是决定群落结构水平的重要因素;内滩、中滩和外滩影响多样性的主要成分是均匀性.     

TWO NEW SPECIES OF SCELIMENIDAE AND FIRST DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE OF BOLIVARITETTIX LONGZHOUENSIS (ORTHOPTERA:TETRIGOIDEA) FROM CHINA

本文记述采自广西壮族自治区的刺翼蚱科昆虫２新种,即广西镰蚱Ｆａｌｃｏｎｉｕｓｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎ．和短背真角蚱Ｅｕｃｒｉｏｔｅｔｉｘｂｒａｃｈｙｎｏｔｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。并对发现的龙州波蚱ＢｏｌｉｖａｒｉｔｅｔｉｘｌｏｎｇｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＪｉａｎｇ雌性进行了描述。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

外来入侵物种细足捷蚁的SS-PCR快速检测技术研究

细足捷蚁Anoplolepis gracilipes为我国南部地区新发现的外来入侵物种,对入侵地区生物多样性已造成严重威胁。本研究针对其个体小、表型特征较难鉴定等问题,建立基于SS-PCR技术的细足捷蚁快速分子检测鉴定技术体系。以细足捷蚁为阳性对照,以其他7种形态相似种和常见种为阴性对照,采用基于线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(mt DNA COI)基因序列的种特异性PCR方法 (species-specific PCR,SS-PCR),研究其快速分子检测鉴定技术的关键指标和反应条件。利用昆虫mt DNA COI基因通用型引物LCO-1490/HCO-2198获得细足捷蚁及其他7种形态相似种和常见蚂蚁种的COI序列,根据测序比对及筛选得到1对高灵敏度引物APGPF/APGPR,其扩增片段大小为374 bp。种特异性检验结果表明,该引物只对细足捷蚁的COI基因具有扩增能力,对其他7种形态相似种和常见种包括拟光腹弓背蚁Camponotus irritans(Smith,1857)、费氏弓背蚁Camponotus fedtschenkoi(Mayr,1877)、尼科巴弓背蚁Camponotus nicobarensis(Mayr,1865)、黄猄蚁Oecophylla smaragdina(Fabricius,1775)、大阪举腹蚁Crematogaster osakensis(Forel,1900)、宽结大头蚁Pheidole noda(Smith,1874)、大头蚁Pheidole sp.不具有特异性扩增效果。灵敏性检验的结果表示,该对引物不仅对成年工蚁具有良好的扩增能力,对不同品级与龄期的蚂蚁卵、蛹、幼虫也具有同样的扩增能力,其检测阈值为22.00 pg/μL(相当于1/51 200头成虫)。建立的细足捷蚁对其他7种形态相似种和常见种的物种特异性检测鉴定技术,可用于细足捷蚁的快速识别、监测预警和控制清除等相关研究与应用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.