中国东北辽宁省西部几种中生代化石木

对产自辽宁省西部中生代化石木进行了解剖学研究。经鉴定,它们是：朝阳原始云杉型木（新种）（Ｐｒｏｔｏｐｉｃｅｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｃｈａｏｙａｎｇｅｎｓｅ Ｄｕａｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,西部南洋杉型木（Ａｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｓｉｄｕｇａｗａｅｎｓｅ Ｓｈｉｍａｋｕｒａ）,巴图南洋杉型木（新种）（Ａｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｂａｔｕｅｎｓｅ Ｄｕａｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）和辽西紫杉型木（新种）（Ｔａｘｏｘ     

四川自贡化石木研究

研究了发现于四川省自贡市距著名的大山铺恐龙化石坑０．５～３ｋｍ处的几株化石木。它们的地质时代与大山铺恐龙动物群相同,地层层位大致相当,属于中侏罗世的下沙溪庙组和新田沟组。根据解剖结构特征,确定它们属于原始的松柏类植物———南洋杉型木属中的一个新种,命名为自贡南洋杉型木新种（ＡｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎｚｉｇｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＤｕａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）。化石木的发现对探讨恐龙的生活环境有重要的意义。     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种———新昌南洋杉型木 (AraucarioxylonxinchangenseDuansp .nov .)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中 ,分布在新昌县城西部 ,南北绵延 2 5公里、东西宽约 2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石 ,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内 ,属亚热带 热带气候区 ,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石 ,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系 ,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

武汉地区三种大戟科化石木的研究

研究了我国湖北省武汉市新洲县阳逻镇出土的大戟科树种的化石木,它们是武汉叶下珠（ＰｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓｗｕｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）、武汉土密树（ＢｒｉｄｅｌｉａｗｕｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）、重阳木（ＢｉｓｃｈｏｆｉａｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐａＡｉｒｙＳｈａｗ）。这些化石木的地质年代为晚第三纪（距今２０００～２５０万年）。根据林木生长条件和树种演化,晚第三纪时期当地的气候是炎热和潮湿的：１大戟科的叶下珠亚科现代树木主要分布于热带地区;２晚第三纪时,在武汉地区热带树种楸枫（Ｂ．ｊａｖａｎｉｃａＢｌ．）与现代亚热带树种重阳木并存,现代树种重阳木系具半散孔趋势的散孔材,而晚第三纪时武汉地区的化石木无半散孔趋势,反映了重阳木这个树种演化;３该地区化石木群中还有热带树种顶果木（ＡｃｒｏｃａｒｐｕｓｆｒａｘｉｎｉｆｏｌｉａＡｒｎ．ｅｘＷｉｇｈｔ）和海南红豆（ＯｒｍｏｓｉａｐｉｎｎａｔａＭｅｒ．）。     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种——新昌南洋杉型木 (Araucarioxylon xinchangense Duan sp. nov.)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中,分布在新昌县城西部,南北绵延25公里、东西宽约2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内,属亚热带 热带气候区,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

东北地区中生代化石木异木属及其古生态

迄今为止,我国共了现异木属（Ｘｅｎｏｘｙｌｏｎ）化石木１０种（包括２新种）,它们是Ｘ．ｌａｔｉｐｏｒｏｓｕｍ,Ｘ．ｃｏｎｃｈｙｌｉａｎｕｍ,Ｘ．ｌｉａｏｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ,Ｘ．ｅｌｌｉｐｔｉｃｕｍ,Ｘ．ｈｏｐｅｉｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｐｅｉｄｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｙｉｘｉａｎｅｎｓｅ,Ｘ．ｆｕｘｉｎｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｘ．ｈｕｏｌｉｎｈｅｎｅｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。文中对该属的古生态作了     

东北柴胡属细胞分类学研究I.6种柴胡的核型分析

本文报告了国产６种柴胡的核型,发现在肇东五里木存在一种与日本产三岛柴胡Ｂ．ｆａｌｃａｔｕｍ具有相同核型特征的柴胡,暂称其五里木居群。柞柴胡Ｂ． ｋｏｍａｒｏｖｉａｎｕｍ Ｌｉｎｃｚ． ２ｎ＝８＝２ｍ＋６ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．红柴胡Ｂ． ｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ Ｗｉｌｌｄ．２ｎ＝１２＝１０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ。北柴胡Ｂ． ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ ＤＣ． ２ｎ＝２４＝１４ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）．     

中国五加科Song木属一些分类群的订正

在全面修订五加科Ｓｏｎｇ木属的基础上,对中国木几个问题的种,即Ａ．ｃｈｉｍｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌ．,Ａ．ｄｅｃａ８ｉｓｎｅａｎａ Ｈａｎｃｅ,Ａ．ｅｌａｔａ（Ｍｉｑ．）Ｓｅｅｍ．,Ａ．ｓｔｉｐｕｌａｔａ Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．,Ａ．ｄａｓｙｐｈｙｌｌｏｉｄｅａ Ｊ．Ｗｅｎ,Ａ．ｔｈｏｍｓｏｎｉｉ Ｓｅｅｎ．ｅｘ Ｃｌａｒｋｅ．Ａ．ｖｉｅｔｎａｍｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈａ,Ａ．ｆｏｌｉｌｏｓａ（Ｗａｌｌ．）Ｓｅｅｍ．,Ａ．ａ     

走近“侏罗纪森林公园”

浙江省新昌县境内的木化石陆续“出土”后 ,引起了有关部门和专家的关注 ,现经中国科学院植物研究所任意取样的小块木化石进行鉴定研究 ,确认为南洋杉型木属(Ａｒａｎｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ) ,是木化石的一个属 ,它是一种原始裸子植物 ,主要生存的地质时期为侏罗纪。侏罗纪是地质时期中生代的第二个纪 ,距今大约１．５亿年 ,本纪分早、中、晚三世。植物群有苏铁、银杏等裸子植物。脊椎动物以巨大的爬行类动物 (恐龙 )为主 ,并出现原始鸟类。从新昌县境内的陆相沉积分析 ,当时为广阔的陆地 ,后期且有火山喷发和岩浆活动 ,这一时期形成的地层为…     

南亚热带森林优势种群荷木和锥栗在演替系列群落中的分子生？…

用扩增片段长度多成性（ＡＦＬＰ,ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ ｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔ ｌｅｎｇｔｈ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ）方法研究了荷木（Ｓｃｈｉｍａ ｓｕｐｅｒｂａ Ｇａｒｄｎ．ｅｔ Ｃｈａｍｐ．）和锥栗（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＨａｎｃｅ．）在３个演替系列群落中的分子变化。研究地点位于广东省鼎湖山。３个群落是针叶林群落、针阔叶混交林群落和常绿阔叶林群落。荷木的ＡＦＬＰ分析结果表明,４组     

A New Species of Araucarioxylon Kraus from the Early Early Permian,Nei Mongol,China

A kind of silicified fossil wood with mixed pits on the radial tracheid wall is described. The fossil wood was collected from the top of Taiyuan Formation (early Early Permian) in Wuda Mining District, Nei Mongol. Compared with the Paleozoic fossil woods in the world, it is put into Araucarioxylon Kraus and named as A. laoshidanense sp. nov. Based on the character of possessing mixed pittings (alternate and opposite pittings) on the radial tracheid wall, the fossil wood is believed to be one of the unknown primitive conifers.Diagnosis of the new species: Only secondary xylem preserved and consisting of axial tracheids and rays. Growth ring boundary, resin duct and axial parenchyma absent. One to Four (commonly 2or3) seriates of bordered pits mostly alternate but sometimes opposite）on the radial tracheid wall. One to Four (commonly1, rarely2 to 4) Cupressoid pits in each cross-field. Rays usually uniseriate, sometimes partly-biseriate and 2 to 39 (mainly3-5) cells high.     

Tetracentron Wood from the Miocene of Noto Peninsula,Central Japan,with a short revision of homoxylic fossil woods

A vesselless fossil wood was discovered in the Miocene Yanagida Formation in the Noto Peninsula, central Japan. This fossil has distinct growth rings with gradual transition from the early- to the latewood ; tracheids, which are called 'usual traeheids' here, constitute the ground mass of the wood and have typical scalariform bordered pits on radial walls in the earlywood and circular sparse pits on those in the latewood ; rays are 1\2-4 cells wide and heterogeneous with low to high uniseriate wings; axial parenchyma strands are scattered in the latewood. This wood has a peculiar feature; sporadic radial files of broad tracheids whose tangential walls have crowded alternate bordered pits. The radial walls have crowded half-bordered pits to ray cells, but no pits to the usual tracheids. Among all of the extant and extinct angiosperms and gymnosperms, these unusual tracheids occur only in Tetracentron. From these features, we refer the fossil to the extant genus Tetracentron, and name it T. japonoxylum. A revision of homoxylic woods is made for comparision with the present fossil. Tetracentron japonoxylum is the only fossil wood of Tetracentron.     

MULTIVARIATE COMPARISON OF FOSSIL AND RECENT GINKGO WOOD

Multivariate statistical analysis of the anatomical structure of the wood of Recent Ginkgo biloba L. and of fossil Ginkgo beckii Scott, Barghoorn, & Prakash revealed significant differences not apparent through general microscopic observation. On the basis of a multiple discriminant analysis by computer of 10 anatomical characters, the living and fossil Ginkgo woods were separated into two distinct groups. All Recent wood specimens were classified into a single disjoint group by the computer, and all fossil wood specimens were classified into another without misclassifications when all 10 characteristics were included in the analysis. Three characters—number of pits per millimeter of tracheid length on radial wall, ray height, and tangential diameter of late wood tracheids—accounted for most of the discrimination between the two groups.     

Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 1: Wood taxonomy: a quantitative approach

Silicified conifer woods are very common in the mid-Cretaceous (Late Albian, 100Ma) Triton Point Member of the Neptune Glacier Formation (Fossil Bluff Group), SE Alexander Island, Antarctica. These occur as up to 7m high in situ tree trunks and stumps rooted in carbonaceous palaeosols and as allochthonous logs and wood fragments in fluvial channel and sheet sandstone facies. Sixty-eight wood samples were examined in this study and were classified in terms of five form taxa using a quantitative approach. Araucarioxylon (1.5% of specimens) is characterised by dominantly multiseriate, alternately arranged bordered pitting on radial tracheid walls and by 1-4 araucarioid cross-field pitting. Araucariopitys (11.8% of specimens) is characterised by dominantly uniseriate tracheid pitting with subordinate biseriate, alternate tracheid pitting and by 1-4 araucarioid cross-field pitting. Podocarpoxylon sp. 1 (63.1% of specimens) is characterised by contiguous, uniseriate tracheid pitting and 1-2 podocarpoid cross-field pits. Podocarpoxylon sp. 2 (22.1% of specimens) is similar to P. sp. 1, differing only in that ray height is lower, tracheid pits are dominantly spaced more than one pit diameter apart and abundant axial parenchyma is present. These first four taxa all possess growth rings with subtle boundaries. Taxodioxylon (1.5% of specimens) is characterised by 1-2 seriate, oppositely arranged, bordered tracheid pitting, 1-2 taxodioid cross-field pitting and very marked ring boundaries. These woods were derived from large trees with basal stump diameters of up to 0.5m and probable heights of up to 29m. Data from leaf traces suggest that Araucariopitys and Podocarpoxylon sp. 1 and sp. 2 (97% of specimens) were evergreen with leaf retention times of >5years. These predominantly evergreen conifer forests grew in a mild, high latitude (75 degrees S) environment during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse climate phase.     

四合木属四合木(蒺藜科)的木材解剖学研究

在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察了蒺藜科四合木属四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maim.)木材结构.其导管分子直径小,管壁厚,分布密度高,分子短,端壁几乎水平,具单穿孔;管间纹孔为对列或互列的具缘纹孔;韧性纤维短、壁厚、壁上有较少的单纹孔;同型单列射线、分布密度高;轴向薄壁组织散生或傍导管生.这些表明四合木的木材解剖特征是与干旱环境条件是相适应的.     

Ulminium diluviale Unger : historique de la découverte et nouvelle étude

A fossil tree was discovered during the 16th century at Jáchymov (Bohemia). The wood was first named by Unger, in 1842, Ulminium diluviale. But it belongs to the Lauraceae family and Felix, in 1883, named it Laurinoxylon diluviale. The authors give the history and the geological setting of the area and describe the anatomy of the wood. The diagnosis of the genus Laurinoxylon Felix, 1883. is emended as follows: heteroxylous fossil wood with average sized solitary vessels or in radial groups; perforation plates simple and sometimes scalariform; intervascular pits alternate and moderately large; thyloses present. Paratracheal parenchyma. Uni to five seriate rays, slightly heterocellular and less than 1 mm high; ray-vessel pits large often stretched. Libriform or with radial pits fibres. Oil cells or mucilage (idioblasts) present. The diagnosis of the species Laurinoxylon diluviale (Unger) Felix, 1883. is also emended. Heteroxylous fossil wood with distinct growth rings; late wood poorly developed with vessels of diameter distinctly smaller as compared to the early wood and with smaller diameter fibres. Diffuse to semiporous vessels, solitary or in radial groups of two to seven , nine to 16 pores/mm²; tangential diameter 100 to 154 μm in early wood and 44 to 72 μm in late wood; vessel length 300 to 550 μm; perforation plates simple and scalariforme (6–12 bars); intervascular pits alternate, rounded (diameter 7–10 μm) or elliptic (long axes × short axes: 10–15 μm × 7–10 μm); thylosis present. Paratracheal parenchyma in more or less complete rows (1–2 cells wide) around the vessels. Heterocellular rays (1–(3) rows of upright cells), of one to five, more frequently three to four cells wide (80%); two to 36 cells high (60 to 820 μm); six to seven rays per tangential millimetre; vessels-rays pits sometimes large, stretched horizontally to vertically. Fibres of 15 to 25 μm in diameter; cell walls of 2–3 μm thick; pits not seen. Oil cells (idioblasts) at the ray margins; 27–60 μm in tangential diameter; 50–80 μm in radial diameter; 72–140 μm high; density of zero to 18 per transversal square millimetres depending on the observed area.     

水青树特殊管胞的分布位置及其形态特征的研究

针对水青树（Tetracentron sinense）中一类特殊管胞进行较为全面的观察研究,判断细胞种类并分析维管组织输导机理及树木进化过程中的细胞演化规律。通过切片和解离技术,借助光学显微镜和电子显微镜对34年生水青树特殊管胞的分布位置和形态特征进行观察。结果表明：①特殊管胞在树木水平方向自内向外径向呈串排列,并贯穿年轮界限,多为一列,少数两列,且较为稀见。每个特殊管胞弦向左右两侧或单侧均与木射线细胞相连通。纵向上,特殊管胞单独或数个上下端接相连。②特殊管胞主要有以下3种类型：无端壁的纺锤形,有一个倾斜端壁,以及有两个倾斜端壁。特殊管胞的平均长度为286.44 μm;横切面为四边形,平均弦向宽度为55.22 μm,其平均壁厚为1.53 μm。③特殊管胞两端封闭,无穿孔。④特殊管胞侧面壁上的纹孔数量较多且纹孔膜明显可见,具体表现为：弦面壁上布满特殊管胞之间的具缘纹孔,呈对列、互列偶见梯状排列;径面壁上存在与射线细胞间的具狭缘单纹孔,呈大圆形至椭圆形,每区域多为2~10个纹孔,呈1~4排横列;径面壁上与正常管胞间几无纹孔。水青树特殊管胞分布有一定规律,其长度远小于水青树正常管胞,弦向宽度略大于正常管胞。其纹孔类型和排布规律与一般阔叶材树种的导管壁上纹孔的类型和排布规律有一定相似之处。特殊管胞形状不同于一般导管,处于由管胞向导管进化的一种中间状态,表明该类细胞达到一定演化水平。     

Two Fossil Woods from Heilongjiang Sheng of China

Two fossil coniferous woods, Xenoxylon latiporosum (Cramer) Gothan and Protopiceoxylon amurense sp. nov. found in Heilongjiang Sheng of China are described in this paper. The diagnosis of Protopiceoxylon amurense sp. nov. is as follows: Growth rings distinct. The transition from the early wood to the late wood slightly abrupt. Tracheids of the early wood square to rectangular in the transverse section. Bordered pits on the radial walls of early wood traeheids 1-2-seriate, opposite, circular with round apertures. The erassula well marked. Walls of the late wood traeheids much thickened. Rays uniseriate and partly biseriate, 1–45 cells high. The highness of the biseriate part is often more than 2/3 that of the ray. Transverse walls of ray cells rather densely pitted and the tangential walls with marked nodular thickenings. The pitting of the cross-field is small, simple or taxodioid type. The axial wood parenchyma absent. The axial resin canal, both traumatic and normal, present, separate or gathered in tangential rows. Epithelial cells with thickwalls are more than 10 in number. The affinities of the two woods are discussed. The age of the fossil woods is assigned to Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. It is inferred that they grew in the then north subtropical warm temperate zone and on a hilly area with an elevation of 1000 metres approximately.     

Sclerospiroxylon xinjiangensis nov. sp., a gymnospermous wood from the Kungurian (lower Permian) southern Bogda Mountains,northwestern China: Systematics and palaeoecology

A new silicified wood, Sclerospiroxylon xinjiangensis Wan, Yang et Wang nov. sp., is described from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) Hongyanchi Formation in southeast Tarlong section, Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China. The fossil wood is composed of pith, primary xylem and Prototaxoxylon-type secondary xylem. The pith is solid, circular, heterocellular, with sclerenchyma and parenchyma. The primary xylem is endarch to mesarch, with scalariform thickenings on tracheid walls. The secondary xylem is pycnoxylic, composed of tracheids and parenchymatous rays. Growth rings are distinct. Tracheids have mostly uniseriate, partially biseriate araucarian pitting on their radial walls. Helical thickenings are always present on both the radial and the tangential walls. Rays are 2–14 cells high, with smooth walls. There are 2 to 7, commonly 2 to 4 cupressoid pits in each cross-field. Leaf traces suggest that S. xinjiangensis nov. sp. was evergreen with a leaf retention time of at least 15 years. Based on the sedimentological evidence, growth rings within the S. xinjiangensis nov. sp. could have been caused by seasonal climatic variations, with unfavorable seasons of drought or low temperature. Low percentage of latewood in each growth ring is probably due to the intensity of climatic seasonality and/or long leaf longevity.