糖化血红蛋白在糖尿病中的应用价值分析

目的:研究糖化血红蛋白的检测在糖尿病患者中的诊断价值及对代谢指标的影响。方法:对126例临床确诊为糖尿痛患者进行糖化血红蛋白及空腹血糖检测,并且将糖化血红蛋白分为A组(HbA1c≤10%)和B组(HbA1c>10%),比较两组TG,TC,LDL.HD等指标。结果:FPG在B组患者的水平明显高于A组患者的水平,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01),而2hPG,TC,LDL B组患者的水平明显高于A组患者的水平,差异有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:检测糖化血红蛋白在糖尿病患者具有重要的临床价值。     

糖化血红蛋白在妊娠糖尿病诊断中的作用

目的:探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)在妊娠糖尿病(GDM)诊断中的作用.方法:120例GDM患者分为正常妊娠组、糖耐量异常组及GDM组,各40例,采用全自动生化仪进行空腹血糖(FPG)、口服50 g葡萄糖筛查试验(GCT)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)测定.结果:正常妊娠组和糖耐量异常组FPG及GCT差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与糖耐量异常组比,GDM组FPG、GCT、HbAlc明显增高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);HbAlc阳性率在正常妊娠组、糖耐量异常组和GDM组中分别为2.5%、25%和80%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HbAlc在GDM诊断中的敏感性、特异性、可靠性、阳性预测分别为80%、95%、90%、95%.结论:HbAlc用于诊断和监测妊娠糖尿病,具有较好的敏感性和特异性,且快速、简便、实用、取血量少,建议临床进一步推广.     

两种方法检测糖化血红蛋白的临床应用

目的由于免疫层析法具有方法简单、快速、灵敏和准确等特点,便于临床使用,与经典的高效液相色谱法进行比较,以评价二者的相关性。方法应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）和免疫层析法分别测定40例糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）水平,并对其结果进行配对t检验及相关分析。结果HPLC法和免疫层析法测定HbA1C差异没有显著性（P〉0.05）,二者的相关性良好,Y=0.97X＋0.21;r=0.9633;P〈0.01。结论HPLC法和免疫层析法显著相关,二者检测HbA1C的能力接近,具有可比性。提示免疫层析法检测HbA1C的结果是准确可靠的,可以在临床实验室推广使用。     

糖化血红蛋白标准化及其检测技术的发展

糖尿病已成为继心血管疾病和癌症之后威胁人类健康的三大杀手之一.糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,Hb A1c)是反映血糖控制状况的重要指标,可预示并发症发生的风险,具有重要的临床研究价值.美国糖尿病协会(ADA)与世界卫生组织(WHO)于2010~2011年相继推荐其为糖尿病诊断的新标准,并采用Hb A1c≥6.5%作为临床诊断切点.中国关于Hb A1c的研究起步较晚,尚无国家化的标准检测方法,检测质量与国际标准法存在较大差距.同时,由于种群之间的差异性,国际标准所推荐的糖尿病诊断切点,不一定适用于中国人群.为此,本文综述了:a.Hb A1c的测定标准法,简介了国际及国家标准法的发展建立,以及两类标准方法的相互关系;b.Hb A1c的临床检测,概述了亲和层析法、免疫法及酶法在其测定中的应用;c.Hb A1c的即时检测,介绍了数种商业化即时检测仪的信息.旨在为促进国内Hb A1c临床检测技术的发展以及家用化Hb A1c检测仪的设计提供信息支持.     

食蟹猴糖化血红蛋白水平的调查研究

目的调查食蟹猴群体的HbA1c水平并建立其背景数据库。方法采集后肢静脉血以高效液相色谱法测定176只(雌性88只;雄性88只)食蟹猴的HbA1c值。结果雄性食蟹猴的HbA1c平均值高于雌性食蟹猴(4.80%±0.56%vs.4.61%±0.55%),两者间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。不同年龄段食蟹猴的HbA1c统计结果发现,青年组雌雄性食蟹猴的HbA1c平均值均高于老年组,两个年龄段间的雌性和雄性之间均存在显著性差异(P0.05),而中年组雌性与雄性和其他年龄段间的差异不显著。结论不同性别和年龄段间食蟹猴HbA1c水平具有显著差异性,HbA1c水平与性别和年龄具有相关性。     

糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病视网膜病变黄斑区厚度的关系

目的:研究早期糖尿病视网膜病变患者黄斑区视网膜厚度与相关生化指标糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)的关系。方法:糖尿病组20例40眼,男12例,女8例;糖尿病病程为5~10年;对照组20例40眼,男14例,女6例,应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)测量黄斑区视网膜厚度,应用相关生化仪检测糖尿病组的糖化血红蛋白比(HbA1C)。比较两组黄斑区视网膜的厚度,包括黄斑中央厚度(CPT),黄斑中心凹下厚度(SCMT),黄斑容积(TMV),分析糖尿病组黄斑区厚度与相关生化指标的HbA1C关系。结果:糖尿病组所选患者黄斑区厚度比正常组大t=4.0772(P0.01),黄斑区视网膜厚度与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)比呈正相关t=3.927(P0.05)。结论:对于糖尿病视网膜病变的患者,检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)变化,有利于预测早期糖尿病视网膜病变并发症的发生。     

糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病及其并发症的关系

目的:探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)与糖尿病诊断、疗效评价及并发症的关系。方法:选择2型糖尿病患者250例和健康体检者150例,分别测定空腹血糖(FPG)、2h血糖(2hPG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),统计学分析HbA1c与FPG、2hPG的相关性;分析HbA1c与糖尿病并发症发生的关系。结果:糖尿病组FPG、2hPG及HbA1c水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);糖尿病伴有并发症患者的HbAlc明显高于无并发症者(P<0.05),HbA1c水平与糖尿病并发症的发生率存在高度相关性(P<0.01)。结论:检测外周血中HbA1c水平对2型糖尿病诊断、疗效评价具有重要临床价值,控制糖化血红蛋白对预防糖尿病并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病及其并发症的关系

目的：探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）与糖尿病诊断、疗效评价及并发症的关系。方法：选择2型糖尿病患者250例和健康体检者150例,分别测定空腹血糖（FPG）、2h血糖（2hPG）及糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）,统计学分析HbAlc与FPG、2hPG的相关性;分析HbAlc与糖尿病并发症发生的关系。结果：糖尿病组FPG、2hPG及HbAlc水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;糖尿病伴有并发症患者的HbAlc明显高于无并发症者（P〈0．05）,HbAlc水平与糖尿病并发症的发生率存在高度相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：检测外周血中HbAlc水平对2型糖尿病诊断、疗效评价具有重要,临床价值,控制糖化血红蛋白对预防糖尿病并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

散射比浊法检测糖化血红蛋白及临床意义

目的:探讨散射比浊法检测糖化血红蛋白的临床应用价值;方法:采用散射比浊法检测糖化血红蛋白,分析其检测的精密度、线性关系、抗干扰能力及相关性分析.结果:散射比浊法批内CV分别为3.1％和4.3％,批间CV分别为3.8％和5.0％;线性关系Y=l.025X+0.024,R2=0.996;胆红素、三酰甘油、尿素抗干扰实验实测值均在可信区间;散射比浊法与色谱法相关性方程为Y=0.968X+0.364,R=0.976,(P＞0.05).结论:散射比浊检测糖化血红蛋白精密度较高,线性关系良好,抗干扰能力强,相关性良好,可适用于基础和临床实验.     

老年糖尿病患者肠道菌群与糖化血红蛋白的关系CSCD

目的 研究老年2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群的变化,分析肠道菌群与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的关系,为老年2型糖尿病患者血糖控制提供指导。方法 选择2019年1月至2020年1月我院169例老年2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,分为血糖控制良好组(67例,HbA1c<7.0%)及血糖控制不良组(102例,HbA1c≥7.0%),并选择同期83例健康老年志愿者为对照组,采用光冈法检测3组研究对象肠道菌群,分析肠道菌群变化与HbA1c关系。结果 对照组、血糖控制良好组以及血糖控制不良组对象肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌数量依次降低,肠杆菌数量依次升高,任意组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);但肠球菌数量在3组间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。2型糖尿病患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量与HbA1c水平呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.431、-0.356,均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病与肠道菌群紊乱相互影响,纠正肠道菌群紊乱对于2型糖尿病患者血糖控制有重要意义。     

HD-8树脂分离天花粉中的L-瓜氨酸

本文研究了用HD8阳离子交换树脂从天花粉中分离L瓜氨酸的工艺条件。采用HD8阳离子交换树脂从天花粉水提取液中交换L瓜氨酸,该树脂对L瓜氨酸的静态交换容量为50.8mg·mL1。在流速为3BV·h1,提取液中L瓜氨酸浓度为9.64mg·mL1时,HD8树脂对L瓜氨酸的动态交换容量为46.8mg·mL1树脂,其动态平衡时间为12min。NH4OH洗脱HD8树脂载荷的L瓜氨酸效果好。控制洗脱液流速为5BV·h1,用8BV0.25mol·L1的NH4OH即可完全洗脱L瓜氨酸。采用HZ803大孔径吸附树脂吸附L瓜氨酸洗脱液中的色素,真空浓缩,并在pH=5.97、4℃条件下结晶L瓜氨酸,其收得率为7.24%,其中L瓜氨酸含量为82.7%。与等电点法相比,产品纯度提高2.36倍。     

Advective hydrogel membrane chromatography for monoclonal antibody purification in bioprocessing

Protein A chromatography is widely employed for the capture and purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Because of the high cost of protein A resins, there is a significant economic driving force to seek new downstream processing strategies. Membrane chromatography has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional resin based column chromatography. However, to date, the application has been limited to mostly ion exchange flow through (FT) mode. Recently, significant advances in Natrix hydrogel membrane has resulted in increased dynamic binding capacities for proteins, which makes membrane chromatography much more attractive for bind/elute operations. The dominantly advective mass transport property of the hydrogel membrane has also enabled Natrix membrane to be run at faster volumetric flow rates with high dynamic binding capacities. In this work, the potential of using Natrix weak cation exchange membrane as a mAb capture step is assessed. A series of cycle studies was also performed in the pilot scale device (> 30 cycles) with good reproducibility in terms of yield and product purities, suggesting potential for improved manufacturing flexibility and productivity. In addition, anion exchange (AEX) hydrogel membranes were also evaluated with multiple mAb programs in FT mode. Significantly higher binding capacity for impurities (support mAb loads up to 10Kg/L) and 40X faster processing speed were observed compared with traditional AEX column chromatography. A proposed protein A free mAb purification process platform could meet the demand of a downstream purification process with high purity, yield, and throughput. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:974–982, 2015     

Cation exchange capacity and lead sorption in ectomycorrhizal fungi

Two ectomycorrhizal fungi, Paxillus involutus 533 and Laccaria bicolor S238, differing greatly in their mycelial characteristics, were investigated with regard to their cation exchange capacity and Pb-binding capacity in vitro after growth with either NO₃ ^- or NH₄ ⁺ as N source. The CECs of 800–1200 mol g-1 dry weight for Paxillus involutus 533 and 2000–3000 mol g-1 dry weight for Laccaria bicolor S238, were high compared to plant roots. The fungal mycelium also had a high Pb sorption capacity. It was higher in Laccaria bicolor S238 than in Paxillus involutus 533 and higher after pregrowth in NO₃ ^- compared to NH₄ ⁺. Both the higher CEC and the higher Pb sorption capacity of Laccaria bicolor S238 compared to Paxillus involutus 533 might have been the result of the hydrophilic nature of the of Laccaria bicolor S238 mycelium. It would have absorbed the solutions better than the hydrophobic mycelium of Paxillus involutus 533. X-ray microanalysis of the cell walls revealed that the Pb content of the cell walls was higher in Paxillus involutus 533 than in Laccaria bicolor S238. Nevertheless, electron dense deposits in the cell walls of Laccaria bicolor S238 contained large amounts of Pb, P and S. Thus, while Pb was evenly distributed in the cell walls of Paxillus involutus 533, Pb was accumulated in electron dense deposits in Laccaria bicolor S238. The results are discussed in view of their significance for the mycorrhizal symbiosis.     

Development and scale up of a capture step (expanded bed chromatography) for a fusion protein expressed intracellularly in Escherichia coli

A capture step was developed using the expanded bed adsorption technology to separate a protein of interest on a cation exchanger from a crude Escherichia coli homogenate. This method was developed in bench-top scale using a STREAMLINE 25 column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Sweden) and STREAMLINE SP. The development was based on earlier experiments performed in a packed bed column (SP-Sepharose FF) to investigate the conditions for sample application, wash and elution. The packed bed method was transformed into an expanded bed method by slightly modifying the wash procedure and cleaning in place (CIP). This method was then scaled-up to pilot scale and used for production of the fusion protein according to cGMP.The yield over the step in pilot scale was 70-85% compared with only 30-50% in small scale. Pressure build-up, attachment of biomass to the adsorbent and collapses of the expanded bed were phenomena seen in small scale but not in pilot scale. The scale-up of the step significantly improved the performance of the step.     

阳离子交换树脂对甜菜碱的吸附特性研究

目的：阐明阳离子交换树脂吸附甜菜碱的机理和特性,获得从甜菜废糖蜜中提取分离甜菜碱的工艺路线。方法：采用雷氏盐比色法测定甜菜碱含量,根据吸附等温线的图形拟合方程。结果：阳离子交换树脂吸附甜菜碱是指数型的吸附等温线类型,并且可以与Freundlich方程很好地拟合。采用阳离子交换树脂从废糖蜜中分离甜菜碱,树脂动态吸附量最大为40mg/ml,吸附流速为40ml/min,盐酸洗脱浓度为1.5mol/L,洗脱速度为30ml/min进行解吸时,解吸率为33%,甜菜碱提取率为58%。结论：阳离子交换树脂吸附甜菜碱的特性为从废糖蜜中提取分离甜菜碱提供了理论依据,使工艺操作简单、易行。     

谷氨酰胺提取分离研究

谷氨酰胺是一种十分有用的氨基酸,它既可作为治疗药物,又可作为其它合成药物的前体。目前国内以谷氨酸为原料,采用化学合成法生产谷氨酰胺,供作试剂用,产量十分有限。日本用发酵法生产谷氨酰胺,年产1000吨,还有增加趋势。谷氨酰胺的销售价格比较高,经济效益可观。近年来国内有好几个研究小组都在进行谷氨酰胺发酵研究。我们是国内第一个谷氨酰胺研究组,已在5m~3发酵罐上取得中试成功。谷氨酰胺发酵液中混有谷氨酸,而这些少量的谷氨酸采用等电点沉淀法并不能将它们去除,影响谷氨酰胺的纯度。我们采用离子交换树脂法,成功地将谷氨酸从谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸的混合物中分离掉,得到单一的谷氨酰胺。在将发酵液上柱交换之前,必须对发酵液进行预处理,我们试验了4种不同方法,结果表明第4种方法更适合工厂使用。从我们使用过的几种树脂的分离效果及树脂的价格看,考虑到工     

核糖代谢失衡与2型糖尿病

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is considered as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia(high concentration of blood glucose)resulting from defects in insulin secretion,insulin action,or both.Many years ago,Marks[1]emphasized that pentose phosphate pathway is one of important pathways for     

A cation exchange resin method for measuring long-term potassium release rates from soil

The aim of the present study was to determine long-term K release rates from soil by use of a modified resin method, where vigorous agitation and soil–resin separations were avoided to minimise the dissolution of the soil minerals. Resins saturated with Ca²⁺ or H⁺ were tested; Ca²⁺ because it is the most dominating cation on the soil exchange complex, and H⁺ because it is an important K⁺ counter-ion released from plant roots. The tested soil: resin systems included two rates of agitation; no agitation, and gentle agitation where the soil particles visually did not move relative to each other. The resin beds were kept physically separated from the soil particles by use of a specially designed extraction tube. Three soils of the same mineralogical and textural origin, but exposed to different K input levels during more than 80 years, were used. A pot experiment with ryegrass was carried out using the same three soils. Vigorous shaking of the resin–soil systems was not needed to obtain a sufficiently high and rapid K release to the resin; even without agitation long-term K release rates could be determined. The accumulated K release was in all combinations of agitation rate, resin saturation ion and soil K status proportional to the square root of extraction time after 1000 h of extraction, indicating diffusion controlled K release from the minerals. Resin extractable K was closely correlated with ryegrass K uptake, indicating similarity in the extraction process. In contrast, K extracted with ammonium acetate or nitric acid did not provide information about the ability of the soils to release K in the long term. Based on the criteria :(i) substantial K adsorption under slow K release conditions; and (ii) achievement of a stable long-term K release within a limited extraction period, the Ca-saturated resins with gentle agitation and H-saturated resins without agitation are concluded to be best suited for routine laboratory work.