首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
降水对鄂尔多斯高原克隆植物分布的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
鄂尔多斯高原地处半干旱区到干旱区的过渡带。通过沿鄂尔多斯高原从东到西的天然降水梯度的样带调查,分析了克隆植物的分布特征与降水的关系。结果表明:克隆植物的物种数量、占物种总数的比例和重要值以及根状茎型克隆植物的物种数量均与降水量呈显著正相关。5种优势植物克氏针茅、本氏针茅、黑沙蒿、赖草和短花针茅均为克隆植物,它们的分布也受降水影响。克氏针茅的密度、本氏针茅的盖度和密度、黑沙蒿的高度、盖度和密度以及赖草的高度均与降水量呈显著正相关。然而,赖草的盖度以及短花针茅的高度、盖度和密度均与降水量成负相关。因此,克隆植物在鄂尔多斯高原植被中具有重要作用,而且其作用随着降水量的增加而加强。  相似文献   

2.
克隆植物生长型的研究进展   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:17  
克隆植物生长型的研究进展陈尚李自珍王刚(国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266003)(兰州大学,730000)AdvancesinResearchesofGrowthFormoftheClonalPlant.ChenShang(FirstInstit...  相似文献   

3.
东北样带上的克隆植物及其重要性与环境的关系   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
宋明华  董鸣  蒋高明  李凌浩 《生态学报》2001,21(7):1095-1103
1997年野外调查资料,对中国东北样带克隆植物沿样带的分布,克隆植物在群落中的重要性以及其与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究,结果表明;克隆植物相对种数(C/Pt)和克隆植物相对重要值(IV)随样带上环境梯度变化呈增加的趋势,群落中克隆植物相对种数与土壤全氮含量负相关,与海拔高度正相关,与年平均温度和年降水相关不显著;克隆植物相对重要值与土壤全氮含量负相关,与海拔高度正相关,与年平均温度和年降水相关不显著,研究还发现,群落中克隆植物种数与非克隆植物种数随样带上海拔高度、年平均温度、年降水梯度变化相关性较差,而克隆植物种数与土壤全氮含量负相关不显著,非克隆植物物种数与土壤全氮含量正相关不显著,根茎型、分蘖型及鳞茎球茎型克隆植物在土壤湿度较差的生境中出现频率较高,而匍匐茎型、根茎鳞茎及根茎球茎型克隆植物在土壤湿度较好的生境中出现频率较高。  相似文献   

4.
中国种子植物物种多样性及其分布格局   总被引:50,自引:4,他引:50  
应俊生 《生物多样性》2001,9(4):393-398
缤纷的中国植物区系包含着大量的特有种,这使中国成为北半球最富植物多样性的国家。其原因一是土地面积辽阔,植物演化历史时间悠久,气候相对稳定。二是中国具有连续完整的热带、亚热带、温带和寒带的植被类型。三是伴随地质构造上的活跃,中国广大陆地受到了强烈的深切和抬升,导致生境复杂多样,使中国成为一个重要的植物物种保存中心、形成中心和进化中心。中国植物多样性的分布是很不均匀的,主要集中分布于中南部,约在20°~35°N之间。在该范围内,我们确定了3个植物多样性热点地区:横断山脉地区、华中地区和岭南地区,它们的植物多样性和特有性程度都很高,其中横断山脉地区尤为突出。  相似文献   

5.
舟山市种子植物物种多样性及其分布特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过野外调查和查阅文献资料,分析了舟山市种子植物物种组成、区系特点及物种多样性的分布特征。结果表明:舟山市共有野生种子植物1372种,隶属于141科627属;植物区系组成以小型科属为主,生活型以草本植物居多,地理成分广泛而多样,滨海特有植物较多,重点保护植物较少;在10个典型岛屿中,物种丰富度及物种密度的分布极不均匀,南部岛屿的物种丰富度及物种密度相对较高,北部岛屿相对较低;在8种主要森林群落类型中,乔木层、灌木层、草本层中物种丰富度最高的分别是红楠林、香樟林、滨柃灌丛,物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Shannon-Weaver指数表现为灌木层乔木层草本层,Pielou均匀度指数在乔木群落中变化趋势不明显,但在灌丛群落中呈现草本层灌木层的规律。本文通过对舟山市种子植物物种多样性的调查分析,为舟山群岛野生植物资源的研究和保护积累了基础材料,为海岛植物资源的开发和利用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
概述了克隆植物的类型与特点,对克隆植物的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的一些特点进行了综述,并讨论了克隆植物遗传变异的来源。总体而言,克隆植物拥有比早期推测大得多的遗传变异,虽然克隆种与其近缘有性繁殖种相比,遗传多样性较低,但广泛的遗传单态性却很罕见。克隆植物种群的遗传结构有所改变,广布基因型很少,大多数基因型仅分布于某一种群之内,种群间基因型多态性存在广泛的变异。不同克隆植物之间遗传多样性相差很大,遗传结构也有巨大差异。说明除生殖模式外,其他的一些因素,如地理分布范围、生境特点,散布方式和种群历史等都对克隆植物遗传多样性有重要影响。  相似文献   

7.
论克隆植物的遗传多样性   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
夏立群  李建强  李伟 《植物学通报》2002,19(4):425-431,418
概述了克隆植物的类型与特点 ,对克隆植物的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的一些特点进行了综述 ,并讨论了克隆植物遗传变异的来源。总体而言 ,克隆植物拥有比早期推测大得多的遗传变异 ,虽然克隆种与其近缘有性繁殖种相比 ,遗传多样性较低 ,但广泛的遗传单态性却很罕见。克隆植物种群的遗传结构有所改变 ,广布基因型很少 ,大多数基因型仅分布于某一种群之内 ,种群间基因型多态性存在广泛的变异。不同克隆植物之间遗传多样性相差很大 ,遗传结构也有巨大差异。说明除生殖模式外 ,其他的一些因素 ,如地理分布范围、生境特点 ,散布方式和种群历史等都对克隆植物遗传多样性有重要影响。  相似文献   

8.
高寒草地植物物种多样性与功能多样性的关系   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
物种多样性与功能多样性的关系是生态学当前研究的热点问题之一,不同区域典型生态系统物种多样性和功能多样性的关系研究有利于生物多样性保护理论的全面发展。以青藏高原地区的主要草地生态系统—高寒草甸和高寒草原为研究对象,采用4个物种多样性指数(Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数)和9个功能多样性指数(FAD功能性状距离指数、MFAD功能性状平均距离指数、基于样地的FDp和基于群落的FDc功能树状图指数、FRic功能体积指数、FEve功能均匀度指数、Rao功能离散度常二次熵指数、FDiv功能离散指数、FDis功能分散指数),分析了高寒草地植物物种多样性、功能多样性关系及其与初级生产力的关系,以期阐明3个科学问题:不同草地类型的高寒草地生态系统植物物种多样性和功能多样性有何差异?高寒草地生态系统的植物物种多样性和功能多样性有何关系?高寒草地生态系统物种多样性、功能多样性对生态系统功能的影响有何异同?研究结果表明:(1)与高寒草原相比,高寒草甸具有更高的物种多样性、功能丰富度和功能离散度;(2)高寒草甸中,Patrick丰富度与功能丰富度指数(FAD、MFAD、FDp、FDc)和功能离散度指数(FDiv)的具有较强的相关性,最优拟合方程分别为幂函数和二次多项式函数;(3)高寒草原中,Patrick丰富度与功能丰富度指数(FAD、MFAD、FDp、FDc、FRic)、Shannon指数和Simpson指数与FEve指数的相关性较强,最优拟合方程为二次多项式函数,Pielou指数与FEve指数的相关性较强,最优拟合方程为指数函数;(4)高寒草甸的初级生产力分别与物种丰富度指数Patrick、功能离散指数FDiv具有较强的相关性;而高寒草原的初级生产力与4个物种多样性指数间均具有较强的相关性,与功能离散指数FDiv具有较强的相关性,最佳拟合方程均为二次多项式函数。研究的总体结论为:物种多样性、功能多样性、二者之间的关系以及二者与生态系统服务功能(以初级生产力为例)之间的关系在高寒草甸和高寒草原群落中表现迥异,因此在研究青藏高原高寒草地的生态功能时,不能仅仅测度传统的物种多样性,还应测度与物种多样性、生态功能密切相关的功能多样性。  相似文献   

9.
比较了沿1670km长的中国东北样带(NECT)分布的在繁殖习性上不同的植物功能型,克隆植物(clonal plant)与非克隆植物(non-clonal plant)的光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、水分利用效率。所测定的218种植物中有115种属于克隆植物。对于灌木和草本植物功能型而言,净光合速率(Pn)和水分利用效率(WUE)在样带东西两端较低,在样带中间较高;蒸腾速率在温带荒漠植物分布的西端  相似文献   

10.
植物物种多样性与岛屿面积的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
孙雀  卢剑波  张凤凤  徐高福 《生态学报》2009,29(5):2195-2202
由于水库蓄水导致千岛湖原有生境的破碎化和岛屿化.研究选取了50个岛屿,共设立样方70个.调查这些岛屿上乔木和灌木的种类及数量,选择9种曲线拟合岛屿面积与物种多样性指数之间的数学关系.结果发现:乔木、灌木和木本物种数与岛屿面积关系拟合较好的是对数函数、幂函数和S型曲线,其中对数函数为最优模型;乔木、木本Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与岛屿面积关系拟合较好的是S型曲线和逆函数,灌木Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与岛屿面积关系拟合不显著,乔木和木本Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与较小岛屿(y小于1 hm2)面积拟合呈S形曲线和逆函数,而灌木Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与较大岛屿(y大于1 hm2)面积拟合呈S形曲线和逆函数;均匀度、优势度指数与面积拟合关系不显著. 在岛屿面积较小时,物种多样性指数随着面积的增加而迅速增加,但在面积增加到一定限度时,物种多样性指数增加的速率就逐渐变缓.植物物种数增加速率的转折点约为4 hm2,乔木、木本Shannon-Wiener多样性指数增加速率的转折点约为1 hm2,对面积小于的1 hm2的岛屿进行拟合时发现,乔木、木本Shannon-Wiener多样性指数增加速率的转折点在0.15~0.2 hm2之间.  相似文献   

11.
12.
艾纳香野生种群克隆多样性及克隆结构研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
艾纳香是具有克隆生长习性的多年生宿根性草本植物,其广布于中国南部,为了更有效地保护和合理利用艾纳香资源,本文利用RAPD分子标记技术,对4个野生艾纳香种群进行了克隆结构和克隆多样性(单克隆种群或多克隆种群)进行了初步研究。结果表明:(1)10对10bp随机引物共检测到70条谱带,其中多态带为60条,占85.71%,检测到64个基因型,且全部为局限基因型;(2)与Ellstrand Roose(1987)总结的克隆多样性平均值(PD=0.17,D=0.62)相比艾纳香的种群克隆多样性水平稍高,Simpson指数平均为0.973,基因型比率PD平均为0.800;(3)遗传一致度和遗传距离分析表明,4个艾纳香野生种群被分成两组,一组是海南的所有种群,另外一组是云南类群。  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Patterns of clonal diversity in parthenogenetic species can be influenced by occasional sexual reproduction, selection due to environmental heterogeneity, and genetic drift. Here we investigate geographic patterns of clonal diversity in the obligate parthenogenetic earth mite species, Penthaleus major, in southeastern Australia. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated a relationship between geographic distance and clonal diversity at the sites. However, there was no evidence for an association between distance and clonal composition or the frequency of the two most common clones. Regression analyses indicated that clonal diversity and the frequency of one of the common clonal groups were associated with latitude and/or climatic variables, whereas the other common group was not associated with any of those variables. In four transects (each 250-400 km in length) extending from the center of the distribution of P. major to its margins, there was a consistent and continuous decline in clonal diversity as the margin was approached but no evidence that one clonal group predominated at the margin. This argues against the importance of a general-purpose genotype being favored at margins and suggests that either selection acts to decrease local diversity at sites near the margin or that diversity declines due to drift at these sites.  相似文献   

14.
In plant communities, the internal (genet-level) control mechanisms on a spatio-temporal scale of clonal plants impose strong constraints on spatial pattern as well as on competitive relations and, thus, species coexistence. Therefore, the presence of clonal species within a plant community affects spatio-temporal dynamics and plant species diversity. We examined the distribution of plants with different clonal growth forms in the Northeast China Transect (NECT) and correlated plant species diversity with the importance of clonal plants, and the importance of phalanx and guerilla clonal plants. Phalanx clonal plants were more abundant in western communities where the altitude was higher and both the soil nitrogen contents and precipitation were relatively low. Whereas guerilla clonal plants were more abundant in the middle of the NECT where the precipitation, mean annual temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were relatively high. In the relatively productive temperate typical steppe, plant species diversity was negatively correlated with the importance of phalanx clonal plants and positively correlated with the importance of guerilla clonal plants. In relatively unproductive temperate desert steppe, plant species diversity was positively correlated with the importance of both phalanx and guerilla clonal plants.  相似文献   

15.
群落中克隆植物的重要性   总被引:26,自引:5,他引:21       下载免费PDF全文
宋明华  董鸣 《生态学报》2002,22(11):1960-1967
综述了群落水平上克隆植物的重要性,克隆植物的生态习性,克隆植物的竞争关系等方面的研究进展,并试图在克隆植物竞争关系的背景下,结合其生境状况,探讨植物克隆性与植物物种多样性的关系。克隆植物的等级系统(基株—分株系统—分株)使其具有克隆性所赋予的多样的生活史、资源利用以及空间占据方式。列举了克隆植物的特性及其在群落中的作用。这些例子表明,克隆性强烈地影响和制约着植物群落的空间格局与竞争关系。然而克隆性也能通过权衡活动性与局部持久性来缓解对物种共存的抑制。克隆植物具有在时空尺度上分株间相互调节的机制,直接体现在群落中小尺度(个体与个体间)与大尺度(种群与种群间)间的相互作用上。丰富了传统的竞争和生态位划分理论,为群落中物种共存提供了合理解释。因此克隆植物在群落中的出现拓宽了群落系统潜在机制的范围。  相似文献   

16.
17.
《Flora》2014,209(5-6):250-259
Inselbergs support highly specialized vegetation with many endemic species. Here we studied by an integrated approach a rare and threatened species from Brazilian inselbergs. Pitcairnia encholirioides (Bromeliaceae) is included in the Red Book of Brazilian Flora, in the ‘Endangered’ category. Only one single population on unprotected private property was known at the beginning of our study. We studied several life-history traits including clonal growth, reproductive biology, seed germination and cryopreservation, and genetic diversity. Pitcairnia encholirioides has the phalanx type of clonal growth strategy. Its self-incompatible flowers are successfully pollinated by hummingbirds. However, less than 5% of clonal fragments produced flowers. Seeds can be wind-dispersed, but most of them are dispersed by gravity and fall close to the mother plant. The percentage and speed of germination were significantly affected by different temperatures, water potential, and red:far-red light ratios, although more than 80% of seeds germinated under optimal physiological conditions. The genetic diversity was very low (Hsp = 0.09) and the population was highly structured (ΦST = 0.51). The combination of dispersal mode and environmental conditions seems to be the main factor leading to the rarity of P. encholiroides. Low genetic diversity combined with small population size and low reproductive capacity suggest that the species is highly susceptible to environmental disturbance. Similarly to P. encholiroides, many species from Brazilian inselbergs are restricted to only a few localities. For more widely distributed species, a higher genetic diversity among populations has been consistently detected. The pattern of low gene flow of many species with small distributions highlight the importance of population-based conservation strategies for such taxa the areas of occurrence of which being naturally fragmented at inselberg sites. We discuss some strategies that may help in conservation of such species.  相似文献   

18.
为摸清广州市植物资源状况及生态环境变化动态,对广州市的维管植物和生物多样性热点区域的植被群落进行了调查和比较分析.在种类方面,共记录到广州市维管植物230科1362属3508种,其中石松类和蕨类植物25科78属174种,裸子植物8科20属34种,被子植物197科1264属3300种;属于国家重点保护野生植物的有20种,...  相似文献   

19.
    
Abstract. Clonal plants play important roles in maintaining wetland ecosystems in China. By analysing 108 wetland quadrats distributed throughout China, we evaluated (1) the importance of clonal growth forms in different Chinese wetlands, (2) how the abundance of clonal plants is related to climatic and geographical conditions, and (3) how plant species diversity is related to the abundance of clonal plants. Significant differences in clonal plant importance values were found between different regions of China. Clonal plants were more important in wetland ecosystems located towards the West and North and at higher elevations and, accordingly, experiencing a colder and drier climate. Plant species diversity showed a significant inverse correlation with the importance value of ‘guerilla’‐type plants in most of the wetland regions. However, we found no significant correlation between plant species diversity and importance values of ‘phalanx’‐type plants. In most Chinese wetlands, plant species diversity decreased with increasing importance of guerilla plants and also with an increase of the entire guild of clonal plants. In wetlands with low species richness, however, plant species diversity increased with increasing importance of guerilla plants and of all clonal plants together, suggesting that in these disturbed habitats clonal growth may facilitate the establishment of other, non‐clonal wetland plants.  相似文献   

20.
Clonal traits such as clonal integration and storage functions of rhizomes or stolons may provide clonal plants with additional advantages against grazing over non-clonal plants. Here, we hypothesize that clonal species have a larger capacity for compensatory growth than co-occurring non-clonal species. In inland dunes in northern China, individual plants of two rhizomatous clonal species (Bromus ircutensis and Psammochloa villosa) and two non-clonal ones (Artemisia intramongolica and Astragalus melilotoides) were subjected to 0% (control), 50% (moderate) and 90% (heavy) shoot removal. Compared with control, heavy clipping greatly increased the relative growth rate in Bromus and Psammochloa, but decreased that in Artemisia and Astragalus. Heavy clipping affected above-ground dry weight and the number of modules more negatively in Artemisia and Astragalus than in Bromus and Psammochloa. These results support the hypothesis and suggest that clonal species are more tolerant to grazing than co-occurring non-clonal species in inland dunes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号