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1.
赣江是长江的第七大支流, 孕育了极为丰富的大型底栖动物多样性, 而相关的研究明显不足。基于文献调研和2016-2017年现场调查, 本研究系统评估了赣江水系大型底栖动物多样性及其受胁因素。共记录底栖动物5门10纲27目95科204属330种(历史记录138种, 2016-2017年记录267种)。历史记录中国特有软体动物计48种(腹足类17种, 双壳类31种), 目前记录32种。优势种主要是一些耐污种和广布种。中游支流的密度、生物量和丰富度指数要高于赣江干流、上游支流和下游支流。典范对应分析结果表明, 底栖动物的分布主要受海拔、基质、流速、浊度、挖沙等环境因子以及不同尺度空间因子的驱动。偏CCA结果显示, 环境过滤对群落结构的影响高于空间过程。本研究结果可为赣江流域水生生物的保护和管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
茅埏岛不同生境大型底栖动物生物多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2012年11月—2013年10月,对浙江台州茅埏岛不同生境下的大型底栖动物进行了4次取样调查,比较了红树林、互花米草和光滩生境下大型底栖动物的生物多样性及季节变化。共检出大型底栖动物48种,隶属8门9纲28科,其中软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物占总物种数的83.3%。用定量取样的密度数据计算大型底栖动物的Shannon指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数、Simpson指数和G-F多样性指数,结果表明:互花米草生境在物种种数和栖息密度上均低于光滩和红树林生境,物种种数在季节上春夏两季高于秋冬两季;从Shannon指数和G-F多样性指数上看,红树林生境下大型底栖动物的多样性高于光滩与互花米草生境;红树林间,红树幼林大型底栖动物物种多样性低于6年生和8年生红树林,而科属多样性高于后两者。生境和季节是影响大型底栖动物分布的重要因素。  相似文献   

3.
长江口附近海域大型底栖动物群落特征   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
利用2002年9月在长江口附近海域进行的大型底栖动物定量采集样品,采用物种优势度计算方法和大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落的优势种组成和物种多样性、生物量和丰度、群落等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非度量MDS标序以及群落受污染扰动情况。本次调查共获得长江口附近海域大型底栖动物154种,其中多毛类环节动物60种,甲壳动物30种,软体动物28种,棘皮动物25种,其它类群动物11种。群落中优势种的地位都不明显,只有虫(Listriolobussp.)、豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pinnotheroidesWhite)、拟单指虫(Cossurella dimorphaHartman)为相对重要的种类。栖息种数、平均生物量和丰度以及3个多样性指数H′、D和J的空间分布无明显的规律,在122°E以东海域呈不连续的斑块或镶嵌状分布。群落结构聚类分析和MDS标序表明,20个取样站的群落结构相似性程度都非常低,为10%-30%,仅有A12和E4两个站Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到50%。ABC曲线表明,近长江口的A4站和A14站的底栖动物群落已有受到一定程度的轻微污染扰动的趋势;而距长江口较远的P9和P5两站ABC曲线状况正常,表明该处的大型底栖动物群落尚未受到干扰。  相似文献   

4.
底栖动物是淡水生态系统中物种多样性最高的类群,也是应用最广泛的水质监测指示生物之一。传统的底栖动物监测以形态学为基础,耗时费力,无法满足流域尺度大规模监测的需求。环境DNA-宏条形码技术是一种新兴的生物监测方法,其与传统方法相比优势在于采样方法简单、低成本、高灵敏度,不受生物样本和环境状况的影响,不依赖分类专家和鉴定资料,能够快速准确地对多个类群进行大规模、高通量的物种鉴定。然而,在实际应用中该方法的效果受诸多因素的影响,不同的方法、流程往往会产生差异较大的结果。鉴于此,着重分析总结了应用环境DNA-宏条形码技术监测底栖动物的关键影响因素,包括样品采集与处理流程、分子标记选择、引物设计、PCR偏好性、参考数据库的完整性及相应的优化。并基于此探讨了提高环境DNA-宏条形码技术在底栖动物监测效率和准确率的途径,以期为底栖动物环境DNA-宏条形码监测方案的制定提供可靠的参考。最后对该技术在底栖动物监测和水质评价中的最新发展方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

5.
胶州湾大型底栖动物生物多样性现状   总被引:18,自引:6,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
根据自1998年2月至2001年11月对胶州湾的10个站15个航次(每季度月一次)的大型底栖动物分布状况调查资料,报道了胶州湾大型底栖生物物种多样性现状,采用了香农-威纳指数、物种丰富度指数以及物种均匀度指数对胶州湾大型底栖生物的群落结构、种类组成、优势种以及数量动态趋势进行了分析。本次调查共采到底栖动物322种,其中多毛类44科133种,甲壳动物42科92种,棘皮动物仅有14种。各站获得平均种类数在8—26种之间,种类最少的出现在7号站,最多的出现在3号站。各站位香农-威纳指数也有很大差异,最大的是2001年11月的8号站,最小的则出现在2001年8月的9号站。7号站和9号站种类数、物种多样性指数及物种丰度指数均较低,这是因为它们位于水流较大的区域,且底质为粗砂。3号站虽然种类数较多,并具有较大的香农-威纳指数,但它的物种均匀度指数却非常低,这是因为3号站靠近菲律宾蛤仔养殖区域,蛤仔的高密度降低了均匀度指数。生物多样性除了受种的数量及其个体密度的影响外,还与多种环境因素有关,如水温,盐度、初级生产力等,人为因素(如污染、过度利用)对底栖生物影响非常大。目的在于为进一步研究胶州湾生物多样性变化及底栖生物资源的合理开发和持续利用提供科学依据和积累资料。  相似文献   

6.
2008年7月(平水期)、10月(枯水期)和2009年5月(丰水期)对新疆塘巴湖水库底栖动物群落进行了调查.共采集到底栖动物7种,主要属于摇蚊类和颤蚓类,其中以羽摇蚊群为优势种.各期底栖动物现存量存在显著差异(P<0.01),以平水期为最大,密度和生物量分别为280 ind/m2±1.12 ind/m2和0.83 g/m2±0.03 g/m2.不同种类的底栖动物密度在各采样期亦差异显著(P<0.01).相似性指数显示平水期和枯水期底栖动物群落结构中等相似.Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数表明塘巴湖水库水体达中度污染.  相似文献   

7.
南沙群岛渚碧礁大型底栖动物群落特征   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
利用2002年5月12日至5月21日在南沙群岛渚碧礁用轻潜水(SCUBA)方法于该礁盘不同位置设立的4个定量取样站采集的调查资料,采用IRI指数、ABC曲线方法和大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER对渚碧礁大型底栖动物进行等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非度量MDS标序,研究群落结构格局以及用Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度指数和物种均匀度指数分析物种多样性和群落种类组成的相似程度,对渚碧礁大型底栖动物的群落结构进行了初步研究。结果表明:调查获得渚碧礁调查站大型底栖动物总种数314种,平均栖息密度为357.94个/m2,平均生物量为64.85g/m2;群落中主要的重要种或优势种为粗糙毛壳蟹(Pilodius scabriculus)和鼓虾(Alpheus spp.),但IRI指数相对较低;群落结构聚类分析和MDS标序表明,4个取样站的群落结构非常相似,Bray-Curtis相似性系数达到80%以上。  相似文献   

8.
九龙江河口位于漳州市东部海域和厦门市西部海域, 水体盐度跨度大(1.8‰—28.2‰), 区域内航运、渔业活动频繁。于2022年选取九龙江口八个站位(E1—E8)开展了四个季度的航次调查, 以研究九龙江口水域大型底栖动物群落的分布、多样性格局及其影响因素。结果表明, 九龙江口水域大型底栖动物计有101个分类单元, 平均栖息密度376.3个/m2, 平均湿重生物量4.92 g/m2, 具小型化特征。从混合区(E1—E4)到海水区(E5—E8)的共有优势种为蜾蠃蜚Corophium sp.、中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.、钩虾Gammarus gregoryi。单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)结果表明, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H'')、Margalef丰富度指数(D)以及Pielou均匀度指数(J'')均在站位间变化显著。Mantel分析显示多毛类群落受磷相关参数(磷酸盐PO43-、总颗粒态磷TPP、总磷TP)和蓝绿藻生物量影响显著。Person相关性分析显示, 大型底栖动物多样性与氮(亚硝酸盐NO2--N、硝酸盐NO3--N、溶解无机氮DIN)、磷(TP、总溶解态磷TDP、TPP)相关参数呈负相关, 与盐度、电导率和总溶解固体TDS呈正相关。随机森林模型分析表明, TDP是影响大型底栖动物多样性的关键因子。不同季节大型底栖动物群落存在显著差异。综合分析得出, 大型底栖动物多样性分布格局受盐度、氮、磷等因素共同调控, 部分站位受到扰动的原因可能与水动力条件、底质类型、工程建设相关。建议在九龙江口进行长期定点监测以深入阐明多样性格局分布的驱动因素。  相似文献   

9.
群落时空格局研究是后续深入开展相关研究的基础。基于2012年山东省新薛河底栖动物调查数据,就新薛河上游典型溪流生境底栖动物群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明:共采集底栖动物108种,隶属10纲,74属;短脉纹石蛾(Cheumatopsyche sp.)、长钝直突摇蚊(Orthocaldius vaillanti)、拟长跗摇蚊属一种(Paratanytarsus sp.E)、Neozarelia sp.为研究区域优势类群,相对丰度分别为25.1%、9.8%、9.0%、8.6%。各河段优势物种组成、密度、生物量、生物多样性均存在显著差异。非度量多维标度排序和多响应置换过程分析从群落层面验证了不同河段群落结构的差异;且发现,流量越小,群落分化越明显。通过指示物种和双向聚类分析,进一步明确了物种组成对群落结构的影响。总之,不同生境底栖动物物种组成和群落结构存在较大差异,栖境多样性对生物多样性的维持和保护具有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
为评价围垦促淤工程对南汇东滩湿地大型底栖动物生态学的影响,根据2004年10月和2009年10月对南汇东滩湿地底栖动物的定量定性调查数据,进行对比分析。结果表明:2004年共采集到大型底栖动物32种,其中在经围垦促淤后形成的堤内、堤外两个区域分别采集到底栖动物20种和21种,2009年堤内外分别为9种和19种,共26种;2004年堤内和堤外优势种分别为8种和4种,共有优势种为中华蜾蠃蜚和谭氏泥蟹,2009年堤内优势种仅有摇蚊幼虫1种,堤外有4种,优势种种类组成也发生了很大变化;2004年大型底栖动物的平均丰度和生物量分别为44.15个/m2和38.80 g/m2,2009年为86.76个/m2和1.97g/m2,2009年堤内、堤外的生物量与2004年相比明显降低,丰度变化则相对较小;运用SPSS软件的单因素方差分析、群落聚类和MDS排序对南汇东滩湿地各断面进行群落结构分析,结果表明围垦是大型底栖动物群落结构改变的一个重要因素,围垦造成堤内底栖动物群落结构发生了明显差异,堤外群落结构变化相对较小。大型底栖动物的生物多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner指数H'、Pielou均匀度指数J'、Margalef物种丰富度指数d和Simpson指数D)受到围垦促淤工程的影响均降低,尤其以围垦圈淤的堤内湿地生物多样性指数最低。围垦促淤工程对盐度、潮汐动力、底质特征的改变以及人类活动等因素是影响大型底栖动物群落结构的主要原因,工程结束后的湿地生态修复十分必要。  相似文献   

11.
  总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Inappropriate land use practices, pollutants, exploitation, and overpopulation have simplified stream habitats and degraded water quality worldwide. Management agencies are now being tasked to ameliorate impacts and restore stream “health,” yet there is a dearth of rigorous scientific methods and theory on which to base sound restoration design and monitoring. Despite this, many localized restoration projects are being constructed to stabilize erosion and enhance habitat heterogeneity in streams. Many restoration attempts adopt the paradigm that increasing habitat heterogeneity will lead to restoration of biotic diversity, yet there have been few studies that have manipulated variation of a physical parameter independent of the mean to isolate the effects of heterogeneity per se. We conducted a field experiment to mimic restoration of habitat heterogeneity in a shallow. stony stream. By using an experimental approach rather than a detailed assessment of existing restoration work, we were able to control the starting conditions of replicate riffles so that organism responses could be unambiguously attributed to the heterogeneity treatments. We successfully manipulated the variability of streambed particle sizes and consequently near‐bed flow characteristics of entire riffles. These factors define axes of habitat heterogeneity at scales relevant to the resident macroinvertebrate fauna. Despite this, we were unable to distinguish differences in community structure between high and low habitat heterogeneity treatments. Power analysis indicated that macroinvertebrate populations were more sensitive to individual site conditions at each riffle than to the heterogeneity treatments, suggesting that increasing habitat heterogeneity may be an ineffective technique if the restoration goals are to promote macroinvertebrate recovery in denuded streams. With extremely high variability between replicate riffles, monitoring programs for localized restoration projects or point source impacts are unlikely to detect gradual shifts in community structure until the differences between the reference and treatment sites are extreme. Innovative measurement of other parameters, such as ecosystem function variables (e.g., production, respiration, decomposition), may be more appropriate indicators of change at local scales.  相似文献   

12.
研究大围山樱属植物群落结构特征和物种多样性,为野生樱属植物保护和利用提供科学依据.结果 表明:大围山樱属植物有钟花樱桃群落、尾叶樱桃群落、华中樱桃群落和雪落樱桃群落,生活型结构以高位芽植物为主,植物区系组成以泛热带植物成分为主.物种多样性为灌木层>乔木层,尾叶樱桃群落>华中樱桃群落>钟花樱桃群落>雪落樱桃群落.种群以中...  相似文献   

13.
    
Although studies on biodiversity and ecosystem function are often framed within the context of anthropogenic change, a central question that remains is how important are direct vs. indirect (via changes in biodiversity) effects of anthropogenic stressors on ecosystem functions in multitrophic-level communities. Here, we quantify the effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil on 34 species-, 2 community- and 11 ecosystem-level responses in a multitrophic-level system. At ecologically relevant concentrations, chlorothalonil increased mortality of amphibians, gastropods, zooplankton, algae and a macrophyte (reducing taxonomic richness), reduced decomposition and water clarity and elevated dissolved oxygen and net primary productivity. These ecosystem effects were indirect and predictable based on changes in taxonomic richness. A path analysis suggests that chlorothalonil-induced reductions in biodiversity and top-down and bottom-up effects facilitated algal blooms that shifted ecosystem functions. This work emphasises the need to re-evaluate the safety of chlorothalonil and to further link anthropogenic-induced changes in biodiversity to altered ecosystem functions.  相似文献   

14.
淡水生态系统中的TOP—DOWN效应与生物多样性保护   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
淡水生态系统中高营养级类群可以对低营养级类群产生强烈的影响,最终导致整个生态环境的改变,这一现象被称作下行(topdown)效应。本文对topdown的含义特别是鱼类所产生topdown效应的结果进行了阐述,提出了topdown效应还表现在当原来生态系统中的高营养级类群缺少时,也会造成生态系统结构与功能发生变化的观点。最后,根据淡水生态系统topdown效应的特点,认为在淡水生态系统的生物多样性保护中,应注意高营养级类群的保护和谨慎地对待引种问题  相似文献   

15.
    
Despite mounting threats to global freshwater and marine biodiversity, including climate change, habitat alteration, overharvesting and pollution, we struggle to know which species are present below the water's surface that are suffering from these stressors. However, the idea that a water sample containing environmental DNA (eDNA) can be screened using high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to reveal the identity of aquatic species is a revolutionary advance for studying the patterns of species extirpation, invasive species establishment and the dynamics of species richness. To date, many of the critical tests of fisheries diversity using this metabarcoding approach have been conducted in lower diversity systems (<40 fish species), but in this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, Cilleros et al. (2018) described their eDNA application in the species‐rich French Guiana fishery (>200 fish species) and showed the greater potential and some limitations of using eDNA in species‐rich environments.  相似文献   

16.
    
Climate change is altering the multifunctionality of ecosystems worldwide and is often associated with changes in biodiversity that can modulate the impacts of climate change on ecosystems through interactive effects. Genetic and phenotypic variation within species are particularly influenced by climatic conditions, and can mediate several ecosystem processes. Here, we tested whether temperature can interact with intraspecific variation to drive ecosystem multifunctionality. Using a common gardening experiment, we test the consequences of intraspecific variation (population identity and trait variation) of a consumer fish species (European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus) and temperature on ecosystem multifunctionality, as well as on the biomass of a subsequent fish generation (long-term effects). We found that individuals from different populations affect ecosystem multifunctionality independently of temperature, and that multifunctionality differed between cold and warm mesocosms. Moreover, when investigating sub-components of multifunctionality, we found a positive relationship between individual metabolic rate and multifunctional primary production in warm mesocosms, whereas this relationship was reversed in cold mesocosms. We similarly found evidence that the long-term effect of intraspecific trait variation on the biomass of the next fish generation was temperature-dependent. These findings demonstrate that differences among populations can have strong consequences on ecosystem multifunctionality, and that intraspecific variation must be considered in addition to other components of global change to predict the impacts of global change on ecosystem multifunctionality.  相似文献   

17.
1. We quantified production and consumption of stream‐dwelling tadpoles and insect grazers in a headwater stream in the Panamanian uplands for 2 years to assess their effects on basal resources and energy fluxes. At the onset of our study, this region had healthy, diverse amphibian populations, but a catastrophic disease‐driven decline began in September 2004, which greatly reduced amphibian populations. 2. Insect grazer production was 348 mg ash‐free dry mass (AFDM) m?2 year?1 during the first year of the study and increased slightly to 402 mg AFDM m?2 year?1 during the second year. 3. Prior to amphibian declines, resource consumption by grazers (tadpoles and insects) was estimated at 2.9 g AFDM m?2 year?1 of algal primary production, which was nearly twice the estimated amount available. Insect grazers alone accounted for c. 81% of total primary consumption. During the initial stages of the declines, consumption remained at c. 2.9 g AFDM m?2 year?1, but only 35% of the available resource was being consumed and insect grazers accounted for c. 94% of total consumption. 4. Production and resource consumption of some insect grazers increased during the second year, as tadpoles declined, indicating a potential for functional redundancy in this system. However, other insect grazer taxa declined or did not respond to tadpole losses, suggesting a potential for facilitation between tadpoles and some insects; differential responses among taxa resulted in the lack of a response by insect grazers as a whole. 5. Our results suggest that before massive population declines, tadpoles exerted strong top‐down control on algal production and interacted in a variety of ways with other primary consumers. 6. As amphibian populations continue to decline around the globe, changes in the structure and function of freshwater habitats should be expected. Although our study was focused on tropical headwater streams, our results suggest that these losses of consumer diversity could influence other aquatic systems as well and may even reach to adjacent terrestrial environments.  相似文献   

18.
We used two analyses to test the hypothesis that planktivore abundances contribute to the residual variations of Secchi depth or chlorophyll-a plotted with respect to mean summer epilimnetic total phosphorus. The first analysis involved 15 lake years of data from six lakes. The data set comprised mark-recapture assessments of piscivore and planktivore numbers and estimates of mean summer chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and Secchi depth. We found that residual chlorophyll-a variation was not significantly (p>0.05) correlated with planktivore densities, but that planktivore densities did contribute (p<0.02) to the residual variation of Secchi depth on mean total phosphorus. The second analysis included all of the data used in the first plus an additional 13 lake years of data from the literature. These data showed that the percentage of the total fish community comprising planktivores did not significantly (p>0.05) contribute to the residual variation in chlorophyll-a with respect to mean summer total phosphorus. Together, our results suggest that planktivore abundance has a significant cascading impact on water clarity, but no long term statistically significant impact on mean summer chlorophyll-a concentration.  相似文献   

19.
中国井冈山生态系统多样性   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
从不同尺度对井冈山生态系统进行了研究分析,并论述生态系统与生物物种多样性的关系,为井冈山生态环境保护与管理提供依据。研究发现,井冈山拥有IUCN/SSC一级生境类型9个,几乎涵盖了除海洋以外的所有生境类型,反映出井冈山生境类型非常丰富。井冈山一级生境中的面积最大的森林是井冈山自然生态系统类型及植被类型的重要基础;灌丛、草地及水域等次要的生境类型,提高了生态系统类型的复杂性和复合性。井冈山的一级生境类型是其生态系统分类的宏观基础,生境类型的丰富程度与生态系统类型的多样性密切相关。根据起源、地貌、生境和属性,以及结构和功能对井冈山生态系统类型进行逐级划分。调查发现,井冈山生态系统类型共有53类,其中自然生态系统21类(包括类型多样的森林生态系统、草地生态系统、静水生态系统等),人工生态系统14类(包括类型多样的人工湿地生态系统、人工林生态系统、农业自然复合生态系统等),复合生态系统18类(包括类型多样的人工复合生态系统、半自然复合生态系统等)。将生态系统只分到四级水平,四级以下还有丰富的生态系统类型。井冈山植物群落可分14个植被型,90个群系,180个群丛。与周围遗产地相比,井冈山的群系数量最多,与面积更大的三清山和武夷山相比,井冈山植被群系数量接近它们的3倍,表现出极其丰富的植被多样性。井冈山物种极其丰富,维管束植物和两栖动物最多,其昆虫数量仅次于武夷山,鸟类数量仅次于丹霞山。井冈山植物物种数最高。虽然井冈山总体空间(分布面积)有限,但这种分化出的丰富的生态位空间使井冈山在有限面积的植被上容纳更多的生物物种成为可能。  相似文献   

20.
Massive mortality of planktivorous fish had a dramatic impact on plankton community dynamics of Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA. After fish mortality, the largerDaphnia pulicaria replaced the smallerDaphnia galeata mendotae, resulting in greater grazing pressure on phytoplankton. This was accompanied by a much longer spring clear-water period and lower summer phytoplankton biomass compared to years before the fish mortality. Analysis of historical data (from the mid-1970's) showed that previous fluctuations in planktivorous abundance had similar effects onDaphnia abundance and species composition, and on spring phytoplankton biomass. However, the mid-1970's fish fluctuations had no detectable effect on summer phytoplankton. Concentrations of phosphorus were much higher in the 1970's (spring P 80–135 μg 1−1) than in the 1980's (spring P 19–36 μg 1−1) and it is possible that high P concentrations may reduce trophic cascade effects on summer phytoplankton communities. This suggests that the success of biomanipulation programs may be dependent on lake nutrient status.  相似文献   

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