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1.
筛选产类细菌素乳酸菌及类细菌素特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从健康鸡肠道内容物及新鲜粪便中分离到21株乳酸菌,通过单层琼脂平板扩散实验,筛选出1株对藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)等革兰氏阳性菌和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)等革兰氏阴性菌有明显抑菌活性代谢产物的乳酸菌,经细菌鉴定为乳杆菌属。排除酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,发酵液上清对指示菌仍有抑菌活性;用胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理后抑菌活性明显降低,而胃蛋白酶对其活性无影响;用过氧化氢酶作用上清液,抑菌效果不变,说明过氧化氢未起作用;pH在2.0~7.0时,发酵上清液有抑菌活性;培养液粗提物经120℃处理20 min仍有部分活性,表明培养上清中有蛋白质类细菌素。  相似文献   

2.
猪源产细菌素乳酸菌的抑菌产物特性研究   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9  
对R-21-1、R-21-3、R-17-3三株来自猪肠道的能够抑制大肠杆菌的乳酸菌所产生的抑菌物质进行了部分理化特性的考察、发现其对蛋白酶敏感,排除酸后仍有抑菌活性存在,初步判断其中含有细菌素。三株菌的发酵上清液分别用70℃和100℃(30min)、121℃(15min)处理后,仍然分别保持有84%、84%、91.6%以上抑菌活性,证明三株菌所产生的抑菌物质具有热稳定性。  相似文献   

3.
1株产细菌素乳酸菌的筛选和鉴定   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
目的 从植物性材料中筛选产细菌素的乳酸菌。方法 琼脂扩散法。结果 所筛选的产细菌素R260菌株经鉴定为植物乳杆菌。排除有机酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,发酵液仍有很强的抑菌作用;用胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶处理后,发酵液抑菌活性急剧下降,因而确定产生的抑菌物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素。抑菌谱试验测定表明,此菌株的发酵液不仅抑制革兰阳性菌,而且对部分革兰阴性菌也有抑制作用,因此产生的是一类广谱细菌素。结论筛选到了1株产广谱细菌素的乳酸菌。  相似文献   

4.
乳酸菌细菌素的分子生物学研究进展   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
乳酸菌是一大类发酵糖产生大量乳酸的兼性厌氧菌 ,广泛应用于医药、食品、发酵等工业 ,主要包括乳杆菌( L actobacillus)、乳球菌 ( L actococcus)、明串珠菌( L euconostoc )、片球菌 ( Pediococcus )、链球菌( Streptococcus)、肠球菌 ( Enterococcus)、双歧杆菌( Bifidobacterium)和肉食杆菌 ( Carnobacterium)等属 [1 ]。许多乳酸菌除产生乳酸、乙酸和双乙酰外 ,还可产生一些具有抑菌或杀菌作用的细菌素 ( bacteriocin) ,在食品防腐保鲜中起重要作用 [2 ] 。细菌素的含义可以这样理解。细菌素是由某些细菌在代谢过程中通过核糖体合…  相似文献   

5.
产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选和鉴定   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌,从分离自四川传统发酵食品中的267株乳酸菌中,采用平板打孔法初筛、牛津杯法复筛(排除酸、过氧化氢干扰以及胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶处理),筛选出1株分离自醪糟的具有较强抑菌作用的产广谱细菌素的乳杆菌菌株P158,结合形态学、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列同源性分析,该菌株被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。  相似文献   

6.
乳酸菌细菌素研究进展   总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45       下载免费PDF全文
李平兰  张篪  江汉湖   《微生物学通报》1998,25(5):295-298
乳酸菌是一类能从可发酵性碳水化合物产生大量乳酸的革兰氏阳性细菌的通称。它们在人、动物体内及人类环境中是一类重要的微生物。一些定居在嘴、鼻粘膜中;一些定居在消化道、肠道(双歧菌、肠球菌和一些乳杆菌)和阴道粘膜中(一些特殊的乳杆菌)。在这些生境小区里,它们中大多数不仅不致病,相反有益,可以抑制一些腐败菌和病原菌,从而维持体内这些小生境尤其是肠道内正常的微生态平衡[’]。同时,乳酸菌也是一类重要的工业微生物,广泛应用于轻工业、医药工业、食品工业、发酵工业和饲料工业上。通常在食品和发酵工业中应用的乳酸菌…  相似文献   

7.
细菌群体感应系统研究进展及其应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
细菌能自发产生、释放一些特定的信号分子,并能感知其浓度变化,调节微生物的群体行为,这一调控系统称为群体感应。细菌群体感应参与包括人类、动植物病原菌致病力在内的多种生物学功能的调节。本文综述了细菌群体感应的最新研究进展,并阐述了其在生物技术领域的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
群体感应及其自我调控是细菌间进行信息交流的重要机制.细菌通过特定的化学信号分子来监测菌群密度和周围环境的变化,进而调节菌体内相关基因表达,使菌体更加适应周围环境.乳酸菌很多生物学现象都与群体感应系统有关.本文中,笔者总结了乳酸菌群体感应系统的组成、信号转导机制及其生物学功能,这些功能包括调控菌体生物膜的形成、菌株自溶、...  相似文献   

9.
群体感应(QS)广泛存在于细菌中,是细菌根据细胞密度变化调控基因表达的一种机制。许多植物病原菌依赖QS调控致病基因和毒性因子的表达,导致植物发病,因此通过抑制QS效应就为控制细菌病害提供了一种有效的方法。目前发现许多途径可以干扰细菌的QS,如:产生可使信号分子降解的酶,产生病原菌信号分子的类似物与信号分子受体蛋白竞争结合来阻断病原菌的群体感应,利用QS中信号分子来诱发寄主抗性。系统阐述了细菌QS及其干扰策略。  相似文献   

10.
群体感应(Quorum sensing,QS)是一种细菌细胞与细胞间的通讯系统,即细菌通过分泌扩散性小分子信号感知细菌群体的密度,从而引起一组特定基因在转录水平协调表达。大量研究已表明,群体感应系统控制细菌多种生理行为和过程,以及与真核宿主(寄主)的互作。参与群体感应调控的信号分子多种多样,QS系统所调控的功能也具有多样性,甚至菌株专化性。通过聚焦同一细菌中由多个QS系统组成的信号网络,综合评述了不同QS系统之间如何相互作用全局调控基因表达,以及QS系统如何通过与其它全局调控系统整合精细调节细菌的社会行为以及环境适应性及其应用前景。  相似文献   

11.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fight competing Gram-positive microorganisms by secreting anti-microbial peptides called bacteriocins. Peptide bacteriocins are usually divided into lantibiotics (class I) and non-lantibiotics (class II), the latter being the main topic of this review. During the past decade many of these bacteriocins have been isolated and characterized, and elements of the genetic mechanisms behind bacteriocin production have been unravelled. Bacteriocins often have a narrow inhibitory spectrum, and are normally most active towards closely related bacteria likely to occur in the same ecological niche. Lactic acid bacteria seem to compensate for these narrow inhibitory spectra by producing several bacteriocins belonging to different classes and having different inhibitory spectra. The latter may also help in counteracting the possible development of resistance mechanisms in target organisms. In many strains, bacteriocin production is controlled in a cell-density dependent manner, using a secreted peptide-pheromone for quorum-sensing. The sensing of its own growth, which is likely to be comparable to that of related species, enables the producing organism to switch on bacteriocin production at times when competition for nutrients is likely to become more severe. Although today a lot is known about LAB bacteriocins and the regulation of their production, several fundamental questions remain to be solved. These include questions regarding mechanisms of immunity and resistance, as well as the molecular basis of target-cell specificity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
Microbial interactions represent important modulatory role in the dynamics of biological processes. During bioethanol production from sugar cane must, the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and wild yeasts is inevitable as they originate from the raw material and industrial environment. Increasing the concentration of ethanol, organic acids, and other extracellular metabolites in the fermentation must are revealed as wise strategies for survival by certain microorganisms. Despite this, the co-existence of LAB and yeasts in the fermentation vat and production of compounds such as organic acids and other extracellular metabolites result in reduction in the final yield of the bioethanol production process. In addition to the competition for nutrients, reduction of cellular viability of yeast strain responsible for fermentation, flocculation, biofilm formation, and changes in cell morphology are listed as important factors for reductions in productivity. Although these consequences are scientifically well established, there is still a gap about the physiological and molecular mechanisms governing these interactions. This review aims to discuss the potential occurrence of quorum sensing mechanisms between bacteria (mainly LAB) and yeasts and to highlight how the understanding of such mechanisms can result in very relevant and useful tools to benefit the biofuels industry and other sectors of biotechnology in which bacteria and yeast may co-exist in fermentation processes.  相似文献   

13.
Aims: To evaluate the probiotic properties of strains isolated from smoked salmon and previously identified as bacteriocin producers. Methods and Results: Strains Lactobacillus curvatus ET06, ET30 and ET31, Lactobacillus fermentum ET35, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ET32, Pediococcus acidilactici ET34 and Enterococcus faecium ET05, ET12 and ET88 survived conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and produced bacteriocins active against several strains of Listeria monocytogenes, but presented very low activity against other lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Cell‐free supernatants containing bacteriocins, added to 3‐h‐old cultures of L. monocytogenes 603, suppressed growth over 12 h. Auto‐aggregation was strain‐specific, and values ranged from 7·2% for ET35 to 12·1% for ET05. Various degrees of co‐aggregation with L. monocytogenes 603, Lactobacillus sakei ATCC 15521 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19443 were observed. Adherence of the bacteriocinogenic strains to Caco‐2 cells was within the range reported for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a well‐known probiotic. The highest levels of hydrophobicity were recorded for Lact. curvatus (61·9–64·6%), Lact. fermentum (78·9%), Lact. delbrueckii (43·7%) and Ped. acidilactici (51·3%), which are higher than the one recorded for Lact. rhamnosus GG (53·3%). These strains were highly sensitive to several antibiotics and affected by several drugs from different generic groups in a strain‐dependent manner. Conclusions: Smoked salmon is a rich source of probiotic LAB. All strains survived conditions simulating the GIT and produced bacteriocins active against various pathogens. Adherence to Caco‐2 cells was within the range reported for Lact. rhamnosus GG, a well‐known probiotic. In addition, the high hydrophobicity readings recorded define the strains as good probiotics. Significance and Impact of the Study: Smoked salmon contains a number of different probiotic LAB and could be marketed as having a potential beneficial effect.  相似文献   

14.
The genes POX2 and POX4, which encode the subunits (PXP-2 and PXP-4) of peroxisomal fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase of Candida tropicalis, were introduced into the related yeast Candida maltosa. The cells transformed with POX2 or POX4 gave much PXP-2 or PXP-4 in the purified peroxisomes. The polypeptides associated with the heterologous organelle were resistant to added protease, implying that they were transported into the peroxisomes. Genes for curtailed versions of PXP-4 were constructed in vitro and introduced into the host cells. Peptide-C, the COOH-terminal two-thirds of PXP-4, was efficiently transported into the host peroxisomes, and the polypeptide containing the NH2-terminal one-third was also, in much lesser amount. These and other results suggested that there were at least two regions of peroxisomal targeting information in PXP-4 and the primary information was internal. The deletions in Peptide-C inhibited the transport of many, but not all, of the host-cell peroxisomal polypeptides. This suggested heterogeneous transport systems on the peroxisomal membrane.  相似文献   

15.
AIMS: To investigate the effects of two prebiotics and trehalose on the production of bacteriocins. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four carbohydrates [dextrose, fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), raffinose, and trehalose] were used as the sole carbon source in a simple broth. Five bacteriocin-producing strains of bacteria, including those producing nisin, enteriocin, and other bacteriocins, were used, and their inhibitory activities when grown on each carbohydrate were determined. The inhibitory activity assay was performed using the agar well diffusion method, and Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1,157(T) was used as the indicator strain. Effective enhancement of bacteriocin production was observed with FOS and trehalose incubation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that FOS and trehalose can effectively enhance the production of the five kinds of bacteriocins evaluated in this study. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study offers useful information for not only a new application of FOS and trehalose, but also the potential improvement of food preservation.  相似文献   

16.
Like any form of cooperative behavior, quorum sensing (QS) inbacteria is potentially vulnerable to cheating, the occurrenceof individuals that contribute less but still profit from thebenefits provided by others. In this paper, we explore the evolutionarystability of QS as a regulatory mechanism of antibiotics productionin a spatially structured population, using cellular automaton(CA) modeling. QSg is supposed to regulate the excretion ofa bacteriocin (anticompetitor toxin) in a population of bacteriapolymorphic for the ability to produce and to be immune to thebacteriocin. Both the social interactions resulting from QSand the competitive interactions resulting from the bacteriocinexcretion are supposed to be only effective at the local scale,that is, restricted to the immediately neighboring cells. Thisimplies a rather diffuse kind of group selection. The CA modelis contrasted to a model assuming no spatial structure but withotherwise identical assumptions. Our analysis predicts thatQS as a regulatory mechanism of bacteriocin excretion is evolutionarilyunstable when the competitive interactions between bacteriocin-producing,resistant, and sensitive strains only involve closely relatedstrains which can share the signaling and responding genes involvedin QS. However, when the competition is between unrelated strainsand the QS alleles can only be carried by the bacteriocin-producingstrains, stable QS may evolve provided its costs are small andthe critical quorum threshold is neither too low nor too high.  相似文献   

17.
Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sakei CWBI‐B1365 and Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI‐B28 on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes in raw beef and poultry meat. Methods and Results: The sakacin P and sakacin G structural genes were identified in Lact. curvatus CWBI‐B28 and Lact. sakei CWBI‐B1365 using PCR amplification, respectively. The effect of the two bacteriocinogenic strains either alone or together, and that of the nonbacteriocin‐producing strain Lact. sakei LMG17302, on the growth of L. monocytogenes was evaluated in beef and poultry meat. In raw beef, the pathogenic bacteria were inhibited by the bacteriocinogenic strains. The bacteriocinogenic strains had no activity in raw chicken meat when inoculated separately, while they showed a clear anti‐Listeria effect when applied together. Conclusion: Sakacin G producing Lact. sakei and sakacin P producing Lact. curvatus may be applied in raw beef to inhibit L. monocytogenes. In poultry meat, the inhibition of L. monocytogenes could only be achieved by a combined application of these bacteriocin‐producing strains. Significance and Impact of the Study: In some meat products, the combined application of different class IIa bacteriocin producing lactic acid bacterium can enhance the anti‐listerial activity.  相似文献   

18.
Aims:  To characterize the novel bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus durans .
Methods and Results:  Enterococcus durans QU 49 was isolated from carrot and expressed bactericidal activity over 20–43°C. Bacteriocins were purified to homogeneity using the three-step purification method, one of which, termed durancin TW-49M, was an enterocin B-homologous peptide with most identical residues occurring in the N-terminus. Durancin TW-49M was more tolerant in acidic than in alkali. DNA sequencing analysis revealed durancin TW-49M was translated as a prepeptide of the double-glycine type. Durancin TW-49M and enterocin B expressed similar antimicrobial spectra, in which no significant variation due to the diversity in their C-termini was observed.
Conclusions:  Durancin TW-49M, a novel nonpediocin-like class II bacteriocin, was characterized to the amino acid and genetic levels. The diverse C-terminal parts of durancin TW-49M and enterocin B were hardly to be suggested as the place determining the target cell specificity.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  This is the first and comprehensive study of a novel bacteriocin produced by Ent. durans . The high homology at the N-terminal halves between durancin TW-49M and enterocin B makes them suitable to study the structure-function relationship of bacteriocins and their immunity proteins.  相似文献   

19.
AIM: To provide evidence that the production of bacteriocin by lactic acid bacteria can be enhanced by the presence of a bacteriocin-sensitive strain and identify the agent that is responsible for enhancing bacteriocin production. METHODS AND RESULTS: One bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium was isolated from kimchi. The strain GJ7 was designated as Leuconostoc citreum GJ7 based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolate produced a heat- and pH-stable bacteriocin (kimchicin GJ7), which has antagonistic activity against a broad spectrum of micro-organisms. Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified kimchicin GJ7 showed a single band of molecular weight c. 3500 Da. Cultures of Leuc. citreum GJ7 in the presence of thermally inactivated kimchicin GJ7-sensitive strains, Lactobacillus plantarum KFRI 464, Lactobacillus delbrueckii KFRI 347, or Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC 1628, increased bacteriocin production. This inducing factor was characterized and purified from Lact. plantarum KFRI 464, which showed the greatest enhancement of kimchicin GJ7 activity. The inducing factor was purified using a DEAE (diethyl aminoethyl)-Sephacel column and high-performance liquid chromatography, and yielded a single band of c. 6500 Da. N-terminal sequencing of the inducing factor identified 16 amino acids. The N-terminal sequence of the inducing factor was synthesized and examined for the induction of kimchicin GJ7 activity, and was found to induce activity, but at a level about 10% lower than that of the entire molecule. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a bacteriocin-sensitive strain, Lact. plantarum KFRI 464, acts as an environmental stimulus to activate the production of kimchicin GJ7 by Leuc. citreum GJ7. The inducing factor from Lact. plantarum KFRI 464 is highly homologous to the 30S ribosomal protein S16 from various micro-organisms. The N-terminal sequence of the inducing factor examined in this study is a very important sequence related to the inducing activity. Nevertheless, the inducing factor may not be part of the ribosomal protein S16 itself. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: We believe that the present study is the first to identify an agent that is produced by one micro-organism and influences bacteriocin production in another. The bacteriocin-enhancing system described in this study could be effectively used to control the growth of other micro-organisms (sensitive cells) in food systems. Moreover, this enhancement of bacteriocin production can be applied usefully in industrial production of natural food preservatives.  相似文献   

20.
Aims: To characterize the genetic and biochemical features of nisin Q. Methods and Results: The nisin Q gene cluster was sequenced, and 11 putative orfs having 82% homology with the nisin A biosynthesis gene cluster were identified. Nisin Q production was confirmed from the nisQ‐introduced nisin Z producer. In the reporter assay, nisin Q exhibited an induction level that was threefold lower than that of nisin A. Nisin Q demonstrated an antimicrobial spectrum similar to those of the other nisins. Under oxidizing conditions, nisin Q retained a higher level of activity than nisin A. This higher oxidative tolerance could be attributed to the presence of only one methionine residue in nisin Q, in contrast to other nisins that contain two. Conclusions: The 11 orfs of the nisin producers were identical with regard to their functions. The antimicrobial spectra of the three natural nisins were similar. Nisin Q demonstrated higher oxidative tolerance than nisin A. Significance and Impact of the Study:  Genetic and biochemical features of nisin Q are similar to those of other variants. Moreover, owing to its higher oxidative tolerance, nisin Q is a potential alternative for nisin A.  相似文献   

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