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1.
    
Ecological restoration often depends on substantial funding to be initiated and sustained. So far, the dominant strategies to fund it have been philanthropic altruism or regulatory compulsion. Both make important contributions, but the commercial sector is a further source that has thus far not played a significant role relative to its potential. Just as philanthropic and regulatory strategies are both modulated by the law, so too law shapes the commercial sector's participation in ecological restoration. Corporate law and its market context are particularly significant, and they are both a potential hindrance and opportunity. Some options for law reform are available to improve the contribution of the business sector to restoration.  相似文献   

2.
    
Evidence‐based practice is not possible without an evidence base. Guldemond et al. confuse our attempt at assessing the status of the evidence base of restoration programs in South Africa with attempting to assess whether restoration is evidence‐based. While we fully agree with them that there is a need to assess whether practitioners use evidence in their decision‐making, we assert that use of evidence is the last step in the evidence‐based approach. It is preceded by the generation (and documentation) of evidence through baseline condition assessment, proper goal setting, sound monitoring of the impacts of the chosen intervention as well as effective dissemination of resulting evidence. To answer the question whether restoration is evidence‐based would require the assessment of all stages from generation to use. We chose to start at the beginning, a logical place to start.  相似文献   

3.
苏冲  董建权  马志刚  乔娜  彭建 《生态学报》2019,39(23):8948-8956
优先区识别,是科学有序推进山水林田湖草生态保护修复工作的重要基础。以山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程之一的四川华蓥山区为例,基于生态系统服务重要性提取生态源地共1392.63 km2,占华蓥山区总面积的35.60%;结合土地覆被类型与地质灾害敏感性构建生态阻力面,并利用最小累积阻力模型与电路模型提取生态廊道共84条,夹点区域0.1 km2,含夹点廊道10条;生态保护优先区主要分布在景观破碎化较为严重的广安区境内,以及华蓥山西南端的夹点廊道。以生态修复模拟方法识别障碍点,确定生态修复优先区93.86 km2,大致分两片。其中,广安区境内受到人类活动干扰的破碎化生态空间,主要生态修复策略为植被恢复与退耕还林;华蓥山、铜锣山、明月山等滑坡、泥石流地质灾害频发区,主要生态修复策略是矿山地质修复与植被恢复。本研究提出生态安全格局构建与生态修复模拟的思路,为山水林田湖草生态保护修复工作提供了可行的定量方法。  相似文献   

4.
国内外生态修复效果评价研究进展   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
李淑娟  郑鑫  隋玉正 《生态学报》2021,41(10):4240-4249
随着工业化和城镇化进程加快,生态系统退化、脆弱性提高等问题加剧,生态系统已无法通过自我调节恢复其结构和功能,生态修复成为修复脆弱生态系统的重要途径。生态修复效果是评价生态修复质量的关键环节,为生态修复决策制定和后续管理提供科学指导。基于CiteSpace计量分析软件梳理国内外生态修复效果研究文献共4958篇,初步判断生态修复效果评价的主要学科领域和研究热点。归纳总结国内外生态修复效果评价的主要内容,国内研究重点关注环境质量、生物资源、生态系统服务、效益及景观功能等方面,国外研究更重视生物资源、生态系统服务、感知价值和美学价值。据此,我国后续研究要加强同类型生态修复的系统研究、文化服务与其他服务的权衡与协同、生态与社会文化的综合效益评价、居民感知评价、多学科体系交叉研究等方面,更好地提升生态修复效果与生态空间品质。  相似文献   

5.
  总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
The terms “ecological restoration” and “restoration ecology” are frequently interchanged. Restoration ecology is the suite of scientific practices that constitute an emergent subdiscipline of ecology. Ecological restoration is the ensemble of practices that constitute the entire field of restoration, including restoration ecology as well as the participating human and natural sciences, politics, technologies, economic factors, and cultural dimensions. This paper is motivated by the concern that the broader practice of restoration may become narrowed over the next decade as a result of zealous attention to scientific and technological considerations, and that restoration ecology will trump ecological restoration. Scientific and technological acumen is necessary for successful restoration, but insufficient. Maintaining a broader approach to restoration requires respect for other kinds of knowledge than science, and especially the recognition of a moral center that is beyond the scope of science to address fully. An example of integrated restoration is presented: the ecological and cultural restoration of Discovery Island (near Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) by the Lekwungen people (Songhees First Nation).  相似文献   

6.
管英杰  刘俊国  崔文惠  贾金霖 《生态学报》2022,42(12):5125-5135
生态修复是实现中国生态文明的有效途径。然而,我国生态修复研究发展态势尚不明晰。采用文献计量学,从年发文量、期刊分布、科研机构分布、合作研究及研究重点等方面对其进行系统性的分析。结果表明:我国生态修复研究虽起步较晚,但近年来发展速度迅速。我国相关科研成果全球占比呈指数式增长,但国际影响力有待提高。我国科研人员间已经建立了广泛的合作研究关系,国家间合作模式主要为双边合作,近年来机构间合作呈现出向多边合作发展趋势。我国生态修复研究重点关注“生物多样性”、“生态系统服务”和“生态修复理论与技术”等方面,但对生态修复与社会经济议题的结合研究尚显不足。黄土高原地区、喀斯特地貌区、土壤重金属污染地区以及江河湖泊和湿地是我国生态修复研究的重点。未来需进一步加强多类型生态系统协同修复的内在机理和规律、渐进式生态修复理论在实践中的应用、生态修复与社会经济议题的结合等方面的研究。  相似文献   

7.
自然湿地生态恢复研究综述   总被引:126,自引:7,他引:126       下载免费PDF全文
张永泽  王 Huan 《生态学报》2001,21(2):309-314
湿地由于具有丰富的资源、独特的牛态结构和功能而享有“自然之肾”之称。为了更好地保护和开发利用湿地,世界各国都在积极采取措施阴止湿地的退化或消失,湿地的生态恢复与重建问题已成为生态学和环境科学的研究热点,在全面综述国内外湿地生态恢复研究进展的基础上,对湿地乍态恢复研究的重点和热点进行了探讨和分析,指出我国为做好湿地生态恢复工作尚需进一步加强湿地生态恢复的方法学、基础理论、应用技术和示范推广等方面的研究。  相似文献   

8.
    
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9.
废黄河三角洲生态修复设想   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
生态系统退化导致生态系统为人类生存和发展提供的物品和服务功能下降,从而阻碍区域经济和社会发展。本文以废黄河三角洲为例,分析了废黄河三角洲生态系统退化的自然和人为应力以及生态系统的退化过程。针对废黄河三角洲生态现状,提出了生态修复的目标及措施,采取自然恢复和人工干预的手段,加强水生生态系统修复和生物多样性的提高,实现区域经济与生态协调发展。  相似文献   

10.
    
This article discusses how ecological restoration success can be understood and evaluated using a policy analysis lens. First, this article details a conceptual tool that helps to develop a more encompassing set of criteria to assess restoration activities that provide socioeconomic benefits. Second, by broadening the understanding of restoration success and how it can be evaluated, it allows a more critical view of evaluation itself and its uses as a policy tool. A table is presented that can help practitioners reveal preferences and clarify the aims and objectives of particular initiatives. The table also sensitizes practitioners to the complexity of the links between restoration rationales and evaluation criteria, which in turn may open up much needed discussion and dialogue between restoration participants about the underlying values an actor may wish to promote. It heightens awareness of the fact that evaluation methods need to recognize that restoration is driven by multiple rationales often in the same project, both process driven and output oriented, which in turn can change over time. Adding process and output criteria together may also raise issues of priority. Evaluation criteria thus need to be assigned in ways that reflect these multiplicities, while at the same time recognizing that some restoration values might be conflictual and that there may be winners and losers. Furthermore, judgement about “failure” of a project can change as new goals emerge in delivery and implementation. Ecological restoration evaluation should therefore be ongoing, contextual, and not a one‐off event.  相似文献   

11.
    
The ambitious restoration commitments made by Latin American countries have increased the demand for professionals having multidimensional training in ecological restoration; however, little is known about the kind of training that professionals are currently receiving. Through an online survey, we explored whether restoration professionals in Latin America have been trained on the ecological, socioeconomic, and management dimensions of ecological restoration, and their perceptions of training constraints and curricula needs. Half of the 411 respondents simultaneously work in academia, governments, and nongovernmental organizations, lessening the typical division between the science and practice of restoration, and suggesting the need for stronger multidimensional training to adequately respond to different needs and expectations. Over 80% received formal academic training in fields relevant for restoration and most respondents also reported attending interdisciplinary courses. Training was more focused on the ecological dimension of restoration compared to socioeconomic or management dimensions. Respondents have similar education levels (i.e. most respondents have postgraduate degrees), independently from the organization type in which respondents work, and multidimensionality among organization types was slight. Professionals expressed a need for training opportunities not demanding full‐time dedication. Although increasing training opportunities in socioeconomic and management dimensions is needed, we highlight opportunities to reinforce multidimensional training on restoration through organizational and institutional training, and collaborations among organizations.  相似文献   

12.
    
In 1987, Bradshaw proposed that ecological restoration is the ultimate “acid test” of our understanding the functioning of ecosystems ( Bradshaw 1987 ). Although this concept is widely supported academically, how it can be applied by restoration practitioners is still unclear. This is an issue not limited to Bradshaw’s acid test, but moreover, reflects a general difficulty associated with the polarization between conceptual restoration (restoration ecology) and practical restoration (ecological restoration), where each has functioned to certain degree in isolation of the other. Outside of the more obvious pragmatic reasons for the relative independence between ecological restoration and restoration ecology, we propose that a more contentious explanation is that the approach taken toward understanding ecosystem development in restoration ecology is tangential to what actually takes place in ecological restoration. Current paradigms assume that the process of ecosystem development in restoration should follow the developmental trajectories suggested by classical ecological succession models. However, unlike these models, ecosystem development in restoration is, at least initially, largely manipulated by people, rather than by abiotic and biotic forces alone. There has been little research undertaken to explore how restoration activities impact upon or add to the extant ecological processes operating within a restoration site. Consequently, ecological restoration may not be so much an acid test of our understanding the functioning of ecosystems, but rather, an acid test of our understanding mutually beneficial interactions between humans and ecosystems.  相似文献   

13.
14.
彭洁  蔡海生  张学玲  张婷  吕大伟 《生态学报》2022,42(18):7430-7444
从主导生态功能的角度分析探讨生态安全格局,是明晰流域内生态安全、保护生物多样性的重要途径。以抚河流域为研究对象,采用多源空间数据,根据研究区自然条件和生态状况,基于主导生态功能定量评估水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性3个生态系统服务功能,结合粒度反推法和热点分析选取生态源地,综合自然条件和人类活动影响因素构建阻力面,运用电路理论构建生态廊道,识别生态修复关键区域,提出生态安全格局优化对策。研究结果表明:(1)抚河流域内有25块生态源地,主要为林草地,共5574.63km2,60条生态廊道,共1126.91km;(2)基于生态安全格局识别生态修复关键区域,包括生态夹点26处、总长度为182.99km,生态障碍点19处、总面积为167.09km2,生态断裂点146处,破碎生态空间3283.79km2;(3)结合生态安全格局和生态修复关键区域,构建\"三轴六区\"生态安全空间布局优化体系。研究对维护抚河流域的生态安全、实行国土空间生态系统修复具有指导意义。  相似文献   

15.
生态恢复工程系统集成原理的一些理论分析   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
胡聃  奚增均 《生态学报》2002,22(6):866-877
生态恢复是不同层次上退化生态系统的选择性再生与再发展过程,它包括人类主导作用下的生态系统恢复和自然主导下的生态恢复,它具有自然性、经济性、人文性和选择性,以生态经济原理为基础,首先提出了生态系统退化度与恢复度理论上存在的反-S型关系,讨论了在统一矢量价值标尺下恢复演进过程的数学描述与恢复的判定准则。作者进一步讨论了生态恢复工程的一些系统集成原理,包括系统集成的技术流程、基本原则的关联组合体系、恢复技术的组装与集成体系、生存恢复模式的分类系统及其在生态集成管理体系下以成本约束、效益约束、尺度约束为核心的模式集成系统、生态恢复系统目标-模式(速度与路径)-成本/效益/效率的价值耦合链的建立。  相似文献   

16.
第5届国际生态恢复学会大会于2013年10月6—11日在美国威斯康星州麦迪逊召开.来自50多个国家的约1200位代表参加了本次大会,讨论了生态恢复不同领域的最新进展.会议中关于生态恢复评价的探讨主要从生态恢复评价指标体系的建立、生态恢复的评价方法、生态恢复监测与动态评价三方面展开.会议强调了生态恢复评价在生态恢复过程中的重要地位,关注了生态恢复评价研究中面临的挑战.对我国生态恢复评价研究主要有以下启示: 1)加强构建全面、综合的评价指标体系,注重评价过程的多方参与;2)注重生态恢复评价的尺度效应与尺度转换研究;3)拓展3S技术在生态恢复评价中的应用,促进生态恢复动态监测的发展;4)积极开展国际交流合作,提升我国生态恢复研究的国际影响力.
  相似文献   

17.
李锋  成超男  杨锐 《生物多样性》2022,30(10):22519-276
气候变化和人类活动的增加不仅导致生态系统退化、生物多样性丧失、生物圈资源供给能力降低, 而且极大地制约了社会经济的可持续发展。尽管在全世界范围内已实施了大量的保护工作, 但全球生态系统退化仍在继续, 逐渐成为备受关注的全球性问题。文章首先厘清生态系统修复的发展历程、相关概念与理论。其次, 归纳生态系统修复的全球议题, 涉及生态系统服务及其价值评估、生物多样性保护、应对气候变化与碳储存、自然保护地、监测体系与适应性管理、公平性与多主体参与等方面。然后, 总结我国森林、草原、河流与湿地、海洋与海岸带的生态系统退化问题与修复进展, 梳理生态保护红线、自然保护地生态系统修复和国土空间生态保护修复3种措施的进展与不足。最后, 对山水林田湖草沙一体化保护与系统治理、生态系统修复的多元融资政策与渠道、荒野生态保护修复的探索与实践、城镇生态系统修复的研究与应用以及生态系统修复对生物多样性的保护与维持等五个方面进行展望, 以期为我国进一步开展生态系统保护修复的相关研究与实践提供指导。  相似文献   

18.
京津冀地区生态空间识别研究   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
迟妍妍  许开鹏  王晶晶  张丽苹 《生态学报》2018,38(23):8555-8563
生态空间识别是有效维护生态环境和减缓生态退化的有效方法之一,也是生态学目前研究的重要领域。京津冀地区自然禀赋先天不足,由于持续高强度的开发活动,水资源和土地资源的生态压力增大,脆弱的自然生态本底与经济社会发展的矛盾冲突激烈。为了探索基于可持续发展目标的生态空间管控有效方法,依据生态系统服务功能重要性和敏感性评价,以及重点生态功能区、重要生态功能区和生物多样性保护优先区等生态保护重要区域识别,确定了京津冀地区的生态空间。浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区、冀北燕山山区和冀西太行山山区,这些重要的区域关系到京津冀地区水资源和生态安全,是京津冀生态安全的重要屏障。生态空间识别将为京津冀地区社会经济可持续发展提供相应的科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
    
In response to our recent article (Higgs et al. 2018) in these pages, George Gann and his coauthors defended the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) International Standards, clarified several points, and introduced some new perspectives. We offer this counter‐response to address some of these perspectives. More than anything, our aims are in sharpening the field of restoration in a time of rapid scaling‐up of interest and effort, and support further constructive dialogue going forward. Our perspective remains that there is an important distinction needed between “Standards” and “Principles” that is largely unheeded by Gann et al. (2018). We encourage SER to consider in future iterations of its senior policy document to lean on principles first, and then to issue advice on standards that meet the needs of diverse conditions and social, economic, and political realities.  相似文献   

20.
我国废弃矿山生态修复研究   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
张进德  郗富瑞 《生态学报》2020,40(21):7921-7930
实施废弃矿山生态修复工程,是适应社会主义生态文明建设的必然要求,是遵循自然规律,破解矿区生态环境保护修复难题的重要举措。矿产资源开发后遗留下来的废弃矿山不可避免地影响和破坏区域生态环境和生态系统,基于我国废弃矿山分布及其主要环境问题现状,结合我国区域生态特征,提出了我国废弃矿山生态修复策略。参考我国生态综合区划,同时结合地形地貌、区域生态系统结构与功能等因素,划定我国废弃矿山生态修复区,明确我国废弃矿山生态修复总体思路与基本原则,提出废弃矿山生态修复的主要模式;在综合分析区域生态系统稳定性、自然地理、气候条件以及废弃矿山特征的基础上,识别各区域内存在的主要环境和生态问题,有针对性地提出控制生态系统退化、修复受损生态功能的主要措施,为我国废弃矿山的生态修复工作提供技术支撑和决策依据。  相似文献   

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