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1.
垫跗螋Chelisoches morio (Fabricius)是入侵害虫椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima (Gestro)的一种本地天敌.为了了解垫跗螋的生物学习性和控害潜能,本文对垫跗螋的形态特征、生长发育、重要生物学习性以及对椰心叶甲的捕食选择性和捕食量进行了观察研究.垫跗螋雌成虫将产的卵堆积在一起,抱孵在体下,且不时用口器翻动重排卵,受到惊扰时会吃掉卵,甚至初孵的若虫.在室温条件下(20±2)℃,以椰心叶甲2龄幼虫为食料,垫跗螋从卵至成虫的平均发育历期为(107.9±15.2)d;平均每头雌虫产卵量为(138.7±59.5)粒;垫跗螋成虫对椰心叶甲2龄幼虫的日平均捕食量为(6.7±1.1)头.寄主龄期选择性实验表明,垫跗螋成虫和4龄若虫喜欢取食椰心叶甲的2龄幼虫;3龄和2龄若虫喜欢取食椰心叶甲的1龄幼虫.  相似文献   

2.
淡娇异蝽的发生和防治   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
淡娇异蝽在安徽省金寨县栗区1年发生1代,以卵越冬,5~9月份为为害盛期。该虫卵期102~136天,若虫5龄,历期52~61天,成虫期145~213天。描述了该虫的形态特征,记述了它的生活习性、发生与环境条件的关系等。使用乐果、杀灭菊酯和敌敌畏等药剂防治其若虫和成虫效果较好。  相似文献   

3.
烟粉虱天敌日本刀角瓢虫的捕食行为   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
研究了日本刀角瓢虫雌成虫和幼虫捕食粉虱时的各种行为时间分配.结果表明,日本刀角瓢虫成虫的捕食行为可分为爬行、取食、清洁、静息、整翅和排泄6个部分.饥饿后的日本刀角瓢虫幼虫捕食烟粉虱卵时,幼虫各龄期间的取食和爬行时间无显著差异,对烟粉虱卵的处置时间随瓢虫幼虫虫龄的增大而缩短.日本刀角瓢虫雌成虫捕食烟粉虱卵时,饥饿后的雌成虫用于取食的时间显著长于非饥饿的雌成虫,而用于清洁、静息和爬行的时间显著短于非饥饿的雌成虫;饥饿后的瓢虫雌成虫对卵的处置时间显著长于非饥饿的雌成虫.饥饿后的日本刀角瓢虫雌成虫捕食烟粉虱若虫时,瓢虫雌成虫的取食时间随烟粉虱若虫虫龄的增大而增加,清洁和静息时间随烟粉虱若虫虫龄的增大而缩短,对若虫的处置时间随烟粉虱若虫虫龄的增大而增加.  相似文献   

4.
齿缘刺猎蝽是国内广泛分布的一种捕食性天敌昆虫,能捕食多种农林业害虫。为了充分利用该虫,我们对齿缘刺猎蝽的生活史、形态特征和行为进行了研究。结果表明,齿缘刺猎蝽在湖南一年发生一代,以成虫越冬;5月份产卵,若虫4龄,初孵若虫黄褐色,2-4龄若虫由黄绿色到淡绿色,4龄若虫可见明显白色翅芽,8月份羽化为成虫,成虫灰褐色。各龄若虫和成虫体表均分布有较多棘或刺。成虫平均寿命长达312.5 d,不太活跃,有一定的飞行能力,取食和交配的时间较长,整个产卵期产卵量为每头雌虫35-41粒。  相似文献   

5.
甘蔗异背长蝽在我区年发生不完整3代,以卵在蔗蔸基部及部分蔗种和残梢上越冬。成虫不能完全越冬。翌年主要虫源是越冬卵。在室温28.5~29.5℃条件下,各虫态平均历期为:雌成虫21.7天,雄成虫19.1天,卵14.7天,若虫34.3天,全世代70天左右。成虫产卵量一般在20~40粒,最高近100拉。防治适期为二龄若虫高峰期,用21%灭杀毙800倍稀释液喷雾,5天后效果仍达94.4%。  相似文献   

6.
草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是2019年新入侵我国的重大农业害虫,已对我国的农作物产生严重为害,筛选、利用本地天敌控制草地贪夜蛾是实现可持续控制的一个重要途径。叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate(Wolff)是一种广泛分布于热带、亚热带地区的捕食性天敌,是许多鳞翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目害虫的潜在生防因子。本文采用捕食功能反应方法评价了叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的捕食效能。研究结果表明,叉角厉蝽3龄、5龄若虫以及雌、雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾3龄及5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling-Ⅱ方程。在饱和猎物密度条件下,叉角厉蝽各虫态对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的平均日最大捕食量依次为32.20头(5龄若虫)19.40头(雌成虫)18.20头(雄成虫)6.60头(3龄若虫),a/Th值(a为瞬时攻击率,Th为处置单头猎物时间)为82.25(5龄若虫)40.39(雌成虫)36.12(雄成虫)17.19(3龄若虫);叉角厉蝽各虫态对草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫的平均日最大捕食量依次为7.80头(5龄若虫)6.40头(雌成虫)5.50头(雄成虫)4.60头(3龄若虫),a/Th值为11.36(5龄若虫)10.75(雌成虫)9.63(雄成虫)7.45(3龄若虫)。本研究表明叉角厉蝽对草地贪夜蛾幼虫具较强的捕食能力,尤其是5龄若虫、雌成虫和雄成虫。研究结果为利用叉角厉蝽防控草地贪夜蛾提供了理论依据,也为其田间释放应用提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

7.
高文呈 《昆虫学报》1987,(3):271-276
黑叉胸花蝽Dufouriella ater(Dufour)在文登地区一年发生4代, 以成虫越冬, 世代重叠现象明显.成虫和若虫均可捕食日本松干蚧, 对松干蚧种群数量起着控制作用.成虫羽化后即行交配, 未经交配的雌虫不能产卵.若虫中84.6%为5龄, 仅少数为4龄虫.米蛾卵和大蜡螟卵是饲养繁殖黑叉胸花蝽成虫和若虫的良好饲料.  相似文献   

8.
黑紫蛱蝶生物学特性的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
黑紫蛱蝶Sasainia funebris(Leech)一年发生1代,11月份以四龄幼虫在寄主植物枝条上越冬.翌年4月越冬幼虫眠起.6月化蛹,7月中旬为成虫羽化盛期。各虫态历期:卵6.5—7天,幼虫共6龄,计300天左右,蛹12—13天,成虫10—13天。同时,还记述了该蝶各虫态的形态特征、生活习性和天敌情况等。  相似文献   

9.
日本蚱Tetrix japonica是一种广布于东亚地区的直翅目昆虫。本文通过野外观察与室内饲养相结合的方法,研究了日本蚱的卵块和各虫龄的形态特征、生活史、若虫及成虫的主要生活习性。结果表明:日本蚱喜欢栖息于具苔藓的矮草地表,主要取食幼嫩苔藓及腐殖质;在羽化7 d后开始出现交配现象,交配时间为1~1.5 h;交配后1~3 d内将大米粒状卵粒产于苔藓泥土中,卵块的形状近似橘瓣状,卵粒数目通常为10~30粒;卵经过6~10 d可孵化为若虫;雄性共有6龄,雌性共有7龄,每个虫龄历期随虫龄的增长而增加;不同虫龄的日本蚱在形态上具有一定的差异。此外,研究还发现日本蚱的前胸背板与翅型存在多态现象,可能在进化适应中起重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
中黑盲蝽生物学特性的观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
中黑盲蝽在杭州棉区一年发生4~5代,以卵越冬,翌年4月中旬开始孵化。世代重叠明显。观察了各虫态历期、成虫寿命和产卵量。成虫夜间有趋光性,成、若虫有趋嫩绿、顶端、花蕾的习性,喜食含氮量高的植物。中黑盲蝽的奇主植物有21科56种之多。  相似文献   

11.
焦懿  赵苹 《昆虫学报》2002,45(4):482-486
中华花翅跳小蜂Microterys sinicus Jiang是白蜡虫成虫产卵期的主要天敌。该蜂成虫喜在自然光下活动,取食和交配都在寄主树上进行。中华花翅跳小蜂每雌平均怀卵量34.39粒,产卵前期2~3天。产卵量、产卵率和产卵天数与温度密切相关,27℃时产卵量和产卵率最高。30℃时产卵天数最少。21~27℃卵孵化率达80%以上。幼虫共5龄。每头跳小蜂幼虫平均取食蜡虫卵数分别为:1龄14.6粒,2龄29.8粒,3龄69.4粒,4龄126.9粒。5龄幼虫不取食。全代发育起点温度和有效积温分别为11.84℃和574.32日·度。补充营养能显著延长成虫寿命和产卵天数,提高雌虫产卵量。中华花翅跳小蜂成虫在田间有两个高峰期,分别发生在4月上中旬和5月中下旬。每粒虫囊内跳小蜂幼虫数与白蜡虫健卵百分率呈负指数关系,拟合方程为:Y=96.0829Exp(-0.1872x)。  相似文献   

12.
Small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) numbers usually drop sharply in the summer and revive quickly in the autumn. However, it is unclear whether and how the high temperature plays a role in this process. The effects of durations of heat exposure (33°C) on life‐history traits were examined here. Exposure of adults for 1 day during the oviposition stage led to a very low survival of nymphs. The average longevity of L. striatellus exposed for 1–31 days from oviposition was significantly longer than that of the control (27°C). Short‐term (1–5 days) heat exposure of the third instar nymphs did not significantly influence eclosion, but exposure of the fourth instar nymphs significantly increased eclosion. Lifespan from egg to adult was significantly lengthened when the third instar nymphs were exposed to heat for 2–15 days, or the fourth instar were exposed for 10 days. The preoviposition period was prolonged by heat exposure of the third or fourth instar nymphs. Short‐term heat exposure of less than 3 days of the third or fourth instar nymphs did not restrict fecundity, but when the exposure duration exceeded 5 days the total eggs per female and hatchability decreased. Exposure to high temperature increased the brachypter rate of adults. In summary, low survival and slowing development under heat exposure resulted in population decline in the summer, and the relatively high fecundity and brachypter rate led to quick revival in autumn. Temperature in the summer determines the rise and fall in numbers of L. striatellus.  相似文献   

13.
白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂生物学特性的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
焦懿  赵苹 《昆虫学报》1999,42(2):166-171
白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang在昆明地区一年发生5代,以3、4、5龄幼虫和蛹在白蜡虫雌成虫体内越冬。该蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为11.45℃和552.93日度。18 ℃、21℃、24℃、27℃和30℃恒温条件下的平均世代历期分别为 66.87天、42.27天、35.56天 、30.84天和27.81天。成虫需取食蜜露或白蜡虫雌虫体液作补充营养。性比为1.75~2.88:1(平均2.25:1)。产卵前期2~3天。开始产卵后的2~5天产卵量占总产卵量的62.21%。 27℃的产卵量和产卵率分别为19.31粒和89.81%。18℃时仅4.37粒和18.56%。15℃时不产卵。补充营养、性别和产卵与否对成虫寿命有显著影响。幼虫共5龄。1~4龄以寄主体液和组织为食。5龄幼虫不取食,3~4天后化蛹。  相似文献   

14.
温湿度对烟青虫实验种群的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对烟青虫Helicoverpa assulta(Guenee)在不同温湿度条件下的发育历期、生存率、繁殖力进行了研究.在20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃和36℃恒温下,世代存活率分别为23.28%、 37.04%、44.22%、30.21%和8.28%,种群趋势指数分别为3.45、65.68、72.57、30.69 和0.卵期、1-6龄期幼虫、预蛹和蛹的发育起点温度分别是12.03℃,10.39℃、8.97℃、 8.96℃、10.87℃、11.23℃、9.16℃、11.40℃和10.69℃,有效积温分别是47.62日度、56.46 日度、44.30日度、40.57日度、26。26日度、33.94日度、64.61日度、34.50日度和202.45日度。每天4h 39℃以上高温对烟青虫的存活和繁殖不利。在28℃和32℃下,湿度可影响初龄幼虫、预蛹和蛹的存活,但对历期的影响不大。  相似文献   

15.
Laboratory experiments tested the effects of water quality and the presence of conspecific and heterospecific immatures on oviposition by Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall). The females showed a highly significant preference for oak leaf infusion water over distilled water. When twenty starved third and fourth instar Tx.amboinensis larvae were present in the water, substantially fewer eggs were counted from pots containing these conspecifics, than from controls in which no larvae were present. Numbers of eggs from pots containing starved second instar larvae did not differ significantly from controls. Observations of larval behaviour while oviposition was occurring suggested that egg numbers were reduced in containers because of egg cannibalism with third and fourth instar larvae, and not because the larvae caused a deterrent effect. Subsequent experiments confirming the occurrence of substantial egg cannibalism by third and especially fourth instar larvae are described. As with larvae, the presence of Tx.amboinensis pupae in the water had little effect on oviposition. If placed in the water 24 h prior to test, pupae very slightly enhanced its attractiveness, but if introduced immediately before test there appeared to be a slight deterrent effect. With heterospecific larvae, twenty fourth instar Ae.aegypti larvae introduced into infusion water 24 h before test rendered the water slightly attractive, while water in which Ae.aegypti larvae had been reared for 48 h proved highly repellent.  相似文献   

16.
  1. The life‐history parameters and predation capacity of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) fed on eggs of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) at 25 °C were investigated in the laboratory and analyzed based on the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. Also, we evaluated the survival and the duration of different stages of these two predators on cabbage plants without prey.
  2. The developmental times of different stages of M. pygmaeus and N. tenuis fed on the eggs of P. xylostella were significantly different. The nymphs of N. tenuis only survived until the fourth instar without prey, and nymphs of M. pygmaeus succeeded in completing the third instar without prey.
  3. The population and predation parameters of the two predators were statistically different. The total consumption rate of the two predators during the oviposition period was higher than the total consumption rate during the post oviposition period and the total preoviposition period.
  4. The highest predation rates for female adults of N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus were on days 33 and 31, respectively.
  5. The nymphs of N. tenuis only survived until the fourth instar without prey, and nymphs of M. pygmaeus succeeded in completing the third instar.
  相似文献   

17.
Two experiments on the nymphal predation of Podisus maculiventris were conducted using Spodoptera litura larvae as prey. First experiment: The predator nymphs divided into three groups were reared individually from second instar to adult in a small vessel. Each nymph in the groups 1, 2 and 3 was allowed to attack the serially growing larvae (these were supplied at the rate of one per day) from 3-, 5- and 7-day old after hatching, respectively. The first prey used for the group 1 was so small that it was not only insufficient to satiate the predator but also was difficult to be searched out. But these disadvantages were soon recuperated due to the rapid growth of the prey and all nymphs could survive to adults. The survival rate of third and fourth instar nymphs in the group 3 was severely affected by vigorous counterattack of older prey larvae. Second experiment: The predator nymphs were individually reared either in a small vessel or in a large one at various rates of food supply (the prey larvae of 7-day old were used). The functional response curves obtained for each instar of the predator took a saturation type within a certain range of the prey density. The saturation level specific to each instar was generally higher for the predator reared in the large vessel than in the small one. The functional response of fourth and fifth instar nymphs was accelerated at a high prey density, viz. 16 larvae per vessel. Even at the low rate of food supply, viz. one larva per day per predator, the predator nymphs could survive to adults, but the size of resultant adults were abnormally small.  相似文献   

18.
马尾松毛虫蛋白质、核酸酶和羧酸酯酶与耐药性的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李周直 《昆虫学报》1993,36(3):296-301
马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus Punctatus Walder)幼虫蛋白质含量,羧酸酮酶和多酚氧化酶活力与虫龄大小成正相关;氰戊菊酯处理后,兴奋期的蛋白质含量和羧酸酯酶活力上升,到抑制期均降低到正常虫体的水平,而多酚氧化酶的变动不大。正常虫体中脱氧核糖核酸酶(Dnase)和核糖核酸酶(Rnase)的活力存在差异:Dnase从3-5龄幼虫随虫体增大而上升,到6龄时明显降低;Rnase与虫龄大小成负相关;氰戊菊酯处理后,Dnase便开始下降并低于正常虫体的水平,而Rnase在兴奋期上升,到抑制期下降亦低于正常虫体水平。结果说明,除多酚氧化酶外,蛋白质、核酸酶和羧酸酯酶均与耐药性存在一定的相关性,研制酶的抑制剂具有实用意义。根据毒力测定结果,马尾松毛虫幼虫随虫龄增大而耐药力增加,氰戊菊酯对5龄幼虫是3龄的2.8倍,6龄是4龄的2.3倍。因此,掌握在4龄前进行药物防治是合理的。  相似文献   

19.
In laboratory and field experiments, stimuli were tested that might affect oviposition decisions by female peach twig borer moths, Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). When given a choice between immature green peach fruits, green mature peach fruits and soft-ripe peach fruits, the latter received the fewest eggs. Fuzzy halves of peach fruits received ten times more eggs then shaved hairless halves. Volatiles from both almond and peach shoots induced more oviposition by females than by control stimuli. Similarly, volatiles from immature green peach fruits, mature green or mature hard-ripe peach fruits induced more oviposition than their respective control stimuli. In a choice experiment, volatiles from immature peach fruit stimulated three times more oviposition than those from soft-ripe peach fruit. Discrimination against mature soft-ripe peach fruits as potential oviposition sites may lie in the phenology of A. lineatella and host peach fruits. Larval development to the pupal stage takes 15–27 days. Therefore, any eggs laid on a ripe fruit 14 days before it falls from the tree will not likely develop into adult insects because developing larvae will only reach third or fourth instar before the fruit is decomposed, and only first and second instar larvae can overwinter.  相似文献   

20.
Microplitis bicoloratus Chen (Hymenoptera:Braconidae:Microgastrinae), a new species of Microplitis Förster from China, is a solitary endoparasitoid of the larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). This parasitoid is the first to be successfully reared and evaluated in the laboratory as a potential agent for the biological control of S. litura in China. Oviposition, immature development, and the effects of parasitism on the development of S. litura were studied. In long-term oviposition trials, females laid eggs on S. litura larvae for up to 10 days; oviposition was heavily skewed toward the first few days, with approximately one third of the eggs laid on day 1 and over 50% laid by day 3. This rapid oviposition rate increases the potential for biological suppression of host populations because the likelihood of mortality for the parasites from exposure to detrimental environmental factors or generalist predators increases with time. Immature development of the parasitoid in its host only required 7 days: eggs hatched within 24 h, the first instar larva required 2 days, the second instar larva needed 3 days, and the third instar larvae exited the host and pupated in 1 day, at 27±1°C, 60–80% relative humidity and a 12:12-h (long day) photoperiod. The development of the parasitized hosts was disrupted. When the parasitoid larvae finished development, the body weights of host larvae were significantly reduced regardless of which host instar was parasitized. Our results suggest that M. bicoloratus has considerable potential as a biological control agent for S. litura.  相似文献   

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