人类和模式生物标准转录数据库Web服务系统"StdTransDb"的技术实现

以RefSeq数据库和已测序基因组序列为模板,通过大规模计算得到代表转录各层次信息的"标准转录数据库",并利用通用网关接口技术,建立了人类和模式生物标准转录数据集Web服务系统。用户提交RefSeq记录号或自由注释词,可检索获得序列的全部信息,实现对基因结构解析的在线计算。目前系统覆盖了人、拟南芥、水稻、大鼠、小鼠、斑马鱼等6个物种,拥有数据记录18万余条。为深入研究人类及其他物种转录组提供了重要工具,并为进一步分析真核基因的可变剪接方式提供了坚实的数据基础。     

基于RefSeq的人类基因荧光定量PCR引物库的构建

利用NCBI提供的RefSeq序列,通过BLAT、Sim4和自主开发的剪接比对程序Ealter1.0对人类RefSeq转录本进行外显子预测,根据预测的外显子信息,采用自主开发SYBR Green I Real Time PCR引物设计程序E-qPCR-Design1.0高通量设计21,118对SYBR Green I Real Time PCR引物,同时选取5000条基因进行SYBR Green I Real Time PCR引物验证,95.92%的基因引物取得良好效果,1.64%的基因引物产生引物二聚体,1.08%的基因引物有非特异性扩增,通过生物信息技术分析与实验验证,建立了基于RefSeq的人类基因荧光定量PCR引物库。     

甘薯基因组TCP转录因子鉴定与逆境胁迫表达分析

基于甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)全基因组序列,利用生物信息学方法鉴定筛选了全基因组中的TCP(teosinte branched1/cincinnata/proliferating cell factor)转录因子,并分析了甘薯苗期在蔓割病菌胁迫及块根储藏期低温胁迫下TCP基因的表达差异。结果显示,甘薯基因组中共有27个TCP转录因子,其中ClassⅠ13个、ClassⅡ(CIN)8个、ClassⅡ(CYC/TB1)6个。甘薯TCP以单个基因或基因簇的形式不均匀分布在15条染色体上,其中6对基因存在潜在复制关系。甘薯ClassⅡ(CYC/TB1)转录因子含有R结构域,其氨基酸序列较为保守。在TCP家族中共发现10个保守基序(motif),基序的氨基酸序列长度为15~60个,其中motif 1含有TCP结构域,motif 3含有R结构域,TCP转录因子的保守基序种类在组间存在一定差异。逆境胁迫下甘薯的转录组数据分析结果表明,TCP转录因子在苗期受蔓割病侵染后有2个差异表达基因;在块根储藏期受低温胁迫下有11个差异表达基因。     

PCR检定OSM cDNA转染细胞中基因组整合与转录

用PCR和RT-PCR方法对人OSM cDNA转染的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞进行基因组整合和mRNA转录的检定.基因组整合检定时,采用与调控序列和cDNA序列相对应的上、下游引物,以连续的转录单位进行扩增,能够更准确地反映整合与表达的关系;mRNA检定时,采用与cDNA序列和质粒克隆位点与加polyA信号之间序列相对应的上、下游引物,可以区分宿主细胞中内源性与外源性基因的转录.     

RNAi技术在转基因动物中的应用

RNAi可以作为一种有效的工具用来产生转录后沉默的效果,从而抑制特定基因的表达,已经在线虫、果蝇、小鼠、大鼠等模式生物中得到成功应用。RNAi转基因小鼠的出现,使得在哺乳动物整体水平研究靶基因的敲低成为可能。文章以RNAi转基因小鼠为代表,就转基因载体的设计策略、基因敲除与基因敲低的比较、RNAi转基因动物的优势以及目前存在的缺陷等作一总结,并展望了RNAi转基因动物对功能基因组研究的贡献以及应用前景。

     

人SATB1基 5''''上游序列的转录激活功能分析

在对人SATB1基因进行生物信息学分析的基础上,采用PCR技术,扩增人基因组DNA中SATB1基因5'上游序列的-2955～-9片段,构建了3个分别由SATB1基因5'上游-2955～-9,-1727～-9和-760～-9序列片段驱动的报告载体-pGL3-SP2946-luc,pGL3-SP1718-luc和pGL3-SP751-luc,分别瞬时转染Jurkat T,K562,U937和HeLa细胞,通过测定荧光素酶的表达活性,观察SATB1基因5'上游序列片段3个删除突变体在不同细胞内活性的差异.结果显示,SATB1上游序列-2955/-9在4种细胞中的转录激活能力为U937>Jurkat T>K562,在HeLa细胞中基本无激活,提示SATB1的转录激活可能具有一定的细胞类型特异性.3种5'删除突变体转录激活性由大至小顺序为-760/-9>-2955/-9>-1727/-9,提示SATB1的核心启动子可能存在于其5'上游序列的-760至-9 bp区域中.     

按蚊防御素基因家族转录模式和启动子的生物信息学分析

运用生物信息学方法分析冈比亚按（Anopheles gambiae）中防御素基因家族的表达模式和启动子保守区。在ENSEMBL数据库中搜索防御素基因家族序列,然后将基因编号输入angaGEDUCI数据库中进行分析。结果在冈比亚按蚊中存在有4个防御素基因的异构体分子,其中DEF1基因表达模式与其它3个基因存在明显差异。4个防御素基因启动子序列都存在AP-1、GATA-1、GCN4、GR、HNF-3B、TFIID6个转录因子的识别结合位点,表明这6个转录因子是冈比亚按蚊防御素基因家族表达调控所必需的。值得注意的是,DEF1基因启动子序列中存在与性别决定翦关的SOXproteins转录因子的结合位点,暗示DEF1基因的转录调控可能与性别分化有关;而在DEF2基因启动子序列中存在有热激因子（HSTF）的识别结合位点,表明热刺激会调控DEF2基因的表达。     

金针菇HMG-box转录因子鉴定及一个候选基因的差异表达分析

食用菌的原基形成受到环境因子和内源基因的共同调控,转录因子在其生长发育过程中能够起到关键作用。本研究在已测序金针菇单核菌株L11全基因组中鉴定到29个高速泳动蛋白（high-mobility-group box,HMG-box）转录因子编码基因。基于金针菇双核菌株H1123各发育时期转录组数据,筛选到一个与金针菇原基形成相关的HMG-box转录因子基因Fv-hmg。通过同源比对发现Fv-hmg的DNA序列在6个不同金针菇菌株中十分保守,一致性为98.38%,有92个SNP位点。克隆分析表明,该基因长度为1 517bp,含有一个内含子。该基因编码489个氨基酸残基的蛋白序列,含有一个HMG-box结构域。通过实时荧光定量PCR和转录组测序共同分析表明,该基因在金针菇原基时期的表达量比双核菌丝时期高达4倍以上,具有显著性差异（P<0.01）,由此推测该转录因子参与调控金针菇的原基形成。HMG-box转录因子Fv-Hmg在金针菇原基形成过程中的作用仍需进一步研究。     

马铃薯bHLH转录因子家族全基因组鉴定与表达分析

对马铃薯bHLH转录因子进行全基因组鉴定与表达模式分析,为其生物学功能研究提供借鉴。基于马铃薯基因组数据库和Pfam数据库,运用HMMER对马铃薯bHLH家族成员进行全基因组鉴定,剔除冗余序列后,利用ExPASy和MEME软件对候选序列进行基本理化性质及保守元件分析,并使用MEGA-X软件进行聚类分析;用MG2C和TBtools软件分别绘制染色体定位图和表达模式图。结果表明,从马铃薯基因组数据库中共检索出108个bHLH转录因子,其氨基酸数目为62-694个,分子量为7 527.78-75 939.94 Da,理论等电点为4.55-10.40。这些bHLH转录因子分布在马铃薯的12条染色体上,均具有典型的HLH结构域,可划分为16个亚族。基因表达模式分析表明,马铃薯bHLH家族成员具有组织表达特异性,多数响应盐、甘露醇、生长素、脱落酸、赤霉素及热等胁迫。马铃薯全基因组包括108个高度保守的bHLH基因家族成员,其表达具有组织特异性,并且响应非生物胁迫的诱导。     

Comparison of protein expression lists from mass spectrometry of human blood fluids using exact peptide sequences versus BLAST

The proteins in blood were all first expressed as mRNAs from genes within cells. There are databases of human proteins that are known to be expressed as mRNA in human cells and tissues. Proteins identified from human blood by the correlation of mass spectra that fail to match human mRNA expression products may not be correct. We compared the proteins identified in human blood by mass spectrometry by 10 different groups by correlation to human and nonhuman nucleic acid sequences. We determined whether the peptides or proteins identified by the different groups mapped to the human known proteins of the Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database. We used Structured Query Language data base searches of the peptide sequences correlated to tandem mass spectrometry spectra and basic local alignment search tool analysis of the identified full length proteins to control for correlation to the wrong peptide sequence or the existence of the same or very similar peptide sequence shared by more than one protein. Mass spectra were correlated against large protein data bases that contain many sequences that may not be expressed in human beings yet the search returned a very high percentage of peptides or proteins that are known to be found in humans. Only about 5% of proteins mapped to hypothetical sequences, which is in agreement with the reported false-positive rate of searching algorithms conditions. The results were highly enriched in secreted and soluble proteins and diminished in insoluble or membrane proteins. Most of the proteins identified were relatively short and showed a similar size distribution compared to the RefSeq database. At least three groups agree on a nonredundant set of 1671 types of proteins and a nonredundant set of 3151 proteins were identified by at least three peptides.     

Detection and correction of assembly errors of rice Nipponbare reference sequence

A complete and high‐quality genome reference sequence of an organism provides a solid foundation for a wide research community and determines the outcomes of relevant genomic, genetic, molecular and evolutionary research. Rice is an important food crop and a model plant for grasses, and therefore was the first chosen crop plant for whole genome sequencing. The genome of the japonica representative rice variety, Nipponbare, was sequenced using a gold standard, map‐based clone‐by‐clone strategy. However, although the Nipponbare reference sequence (RefSeq) has the best quality for existing crop genome sequences, it still contains many assembly errors and gaps. To improve the Nipponbare RefSeq, first a robust method is required to detect the hidden assembly errors. Through alignments between BAC‐end sequences (BESs) embedded in the Nipponbare bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) physical map and the Nipponbare RefSeq, we detected locations on the Nipponbare RefSeq that were inversely matched with BESs and could therefore be candidates for spurious inversions of assembly. We performed further analysis of five potential locations and confirmed assembly errors at those locations; four of them, two on chr4 and two on chr11 of the Nipponbare RefSeq (IRGSP build 5), were found to be caused by reverse repetitive sequences flanking the locations. Our approach is effective in detecting spurious inversions in the Nipponbare RefSeq and can be applied for improving the sequence qualities of other genomes as well.