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步氏巨猿的上犬齿与下第一前臼齿的咬合关系有两种主要类型:一是相似于“猿类”的,另一相似于“人类”的。前者为雄性个体所具有,后者为雌性个体所具有。另有少数个体的则是中间类型。上犬齿与下第一前臼齿的咬合特征的分类学上的意义是可疑的。至少就绝大部分雄性步氏巨猿个体来说,很难认为其犬齿是参与臼齿的功能。步氏巨猿下第一前臼齿之所以呈双尖类型,与其犬齿并无直接的关系。 相似文献
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在步氏巨猿后部齿的绝大部分类别中检出有釉质发育不全的标本,患釉质发育不全的个体数高达14.3—17.9％。类似的情况可见之于南非的南方古猿类。步氏巨猿的釉质发育不全很大可能是由于营养上的原因。 相似文献
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步氏巨猿(Gigantopithecus blacki)是更新世时期生活于我国华南地区的一种超大型猿类, 它的体态特征和演化分类倍受关注。牙齿釉质厚度在探讨灵长类食性、环境适应以及系统演化方面具有重要意义。本文利用显微CT技术构建18颗巨猿臼齿虚拟模型, 测量其釉质厚度。将巨猿釉质厚度与现代人、现生类人猿、古人类、中新世古猿及其他现生灵长类进行比较, 从牙齿釉质厚度探讨巨猿的食性适应和系统演化问题。结果发现巨猿的实测釉质厚度是目前所有已知现生和化石灵长类中最厚的, 只有傍人、南非早期人属及奥兰诺古猿三种化石灵长类与之接近; 如果考虑不同物种牙齿与身体大小的关联因素, 相对釉质厚度指数显示巨猿属于\"厚\"釉质类型, 但非\"超厚\"类型, 低于奥兰诺古猿、傍人、南非早期人属; 巨猿与某些中新世古猿 (如原康修尔猿尼安萨种、非洲古猿)、南方古猿、东非早期人属、亚洲直立人以及现代人、现生卷尾猴的相对釉质厚度指数相近。巨猿的厚釉质特征与其食性和环境适应密切相关, 使得牙齿具有非常强的抗磨损功能, 能够适应长时间的咀嚼和研磨食物。从釉质厚度的系统演化角度推测, 厚釉质应该是人类祖先的特征性状, 巨猿有可能是早期人类支系演化过程中的一个特化旁支, 同时也不排除巨猿是从某种具有厚釉质的中新世古猿旁支平行演化而来的可能性。 相似文献
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本文用扫描电镜研究了现代人牙齿和产自广西柳城县社冲村楞寨山巨猿洞,更新世早期的巨猿牙齿的超微结构。巨猿牙齿的表层釉质是Ⅰ型釉柱结构,厚度约为50－60μm,表层下牙尖中心区为Ⅰ型釉柱,其余为Ⅲa型及少量Ⅱ型釉柱结构。现代人牙表层釉质亦为Ⅰ型釉柱结构,厚度小于10μm,表层下,牙尖中心区处为Ⅰ型釉柱,其余为Ⅲa和Ⅲb型以及少量Ⅲ型釉柱。可以认为,这种差别具有分类学上的意义。此外,本文从研究方法上提出,研究釉柱横切面构造的最合适部位为牙尖部位的咬合面。 相似文献
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记江苏泗洪首次发现森林古猿类化石 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本文记述了在江苏泗洪松林庄发现的一种古猿类化石,它以个体小、颊齿宽、有发达的齿带等特征有别于我国云南的腊玛古猿、西瓦古猿;它也有别于在同一地点、同一层位发现的双沟醉猿。其形态与非洲的Proconsul属接近,根据这些形态特点和它的地史分布,我们订立了一新属一新种:Platodontopithecus jianghuaiensis,地质时代为中新世。 相似文献
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系统记述了自2001年以来从贵州省毕节扒耳岩洞穴堆积中出土的偶蹄目化石:最后\"双齿尖河猪\"(\"Dicoryphochoerus\"ultimus)、麂(未定种)(Muntiacus sp.)、凤岐祖鹿(?)(Cervavitus?fenqii)、黑鹿(相似种)(Cervus(R.)cf C.(R.)unicolor)、羚牛(未定种)(Budorcas sp.)、山羊亚科(属种未定)(Caprinae gen.et sp.indet.)、羚羊(未定种)(Gazella sp.)、斯迈提丽牛(未定种)(Leptobos(Smertiobos)sp.)8个种类。毕节扒耳岩巨猿动物群中的偶蹄类与广西柳城巨猿洞和湖北建始龙骨洞的偶蹄类可比性最大。毕节偶蹄类含有较多的古老种类, 指示其地质时代为早更新世早期; 同时显示其生态环境为植被既有密集的丛林又有开阔的草地(或草坡), 局部镶嵌有半开阔树林,而附近分布有一定的水域, 气候温暖, 非常适合高等灵长类栖息。 相似文献
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Zhang Yinyun 《人类学学报》1983,2(03):205
The isolated teeth of Gigantopithecus blacki kept in our laboratory ate measured and statistically tested. The heterogeneity of Liucheng sample can be shown by a comparison of the teeth from locus C with those from non-C loci in the Gigantopithecus cave. A re_x001F_view of geological literature suggests that some teeth from non-C loci, which may be of later rage, are responsible for. this heterogeneity.<br>The teeth of G. blacki can be divided into early and late groups on 'temporal grounds; The late G. blacki is significantly larger than the early G. blacki in cheek teeth, but there are no significant differences in front tooth size between these two groups; It means that there is a differences in proportionate size of the canines to the cheek teeth between early and late G. blacki. The difference is like that seen between gracile and robust of South African australopithecines. The fauna and tooth chipping indicate that the difference in tooth size between eatly and late G. blacki can hardly be attributed to different dietary resources. TKe evdlutionary. trerfd in tooth size of G. blacki implies that ：a mote reasonable explanation of the difference between gracile and robust type of South African australopithecines might not be due to diets as suggested by Robinson. 相似文献
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HAN Kang-xin ; ZHAO Ling-xia 《人类学学报》2002,21(03):191
The material all together consists of 297 isolated postcanine teeth of Gigantopithecus blacki, which were collected from the west part of Hubei province of China. According to the mammal fossils associated with the Gigantopithecus, the geological age of Gigantopithecus seems to belong to the early Pleistocene. It is very interesting to note that those Gigantopithecus teeth from Hubei province show very high incidence of caries.<br>Caries are diagnosed by the presence of marked pits or cavities. Among 297 teeth (molars and premolars), there are 52 cases of authentic caries (i.e. 19.5 %). It is a rather high incidence, much higher than that of early hominids such as australopithecines (1 % or so), ancient Chinese from Shang Dynasty (4.3 %), also higher than that of Gigantopithecus teeth from Guangxi province (9.8 %) of China. Among the Gigantopithecus teeth from Hubei, we found that the incidence of dental caries increases from the young-age group (4.9 %) to middle and old age group (29.3 % and 27.1 %), and that the large type presents higher incidence (22.5 -32.8 %) than small one (8.3 -11.4 %). The differentiation of large and small types seems to show sex difference. The caries of Gigantopithecus from Hubei occur on both the mesio-distal surface (65.4 %) and occusal surface (36.5 %). It is quite different from that of Gigantopithecus from Guangxi, majority of caries in Guangxi material occur on the occlusal surface and very few on the mesio-distal surface.<br>The high incidence of dental caries in Gigantopithecus is probably due to a diet deficient. Giantoipithecus probably mainly lived on high carbohydrate-containing plant food while it was becoming extinct. 相似文献
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湖北巨猿牙齿化石龋病观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文共调查了267枚从鄂西山区收集的巨猿牙齿化石现发生情况,发现其中有52枚（占19.5%)的颊齿有程度不同的龋蚀现象,其患龋率显著高于古人类,同时也高于广西巨猿的患龋率。巨猿牙齿的这种高频率龋蚀现象,除牙齿结构因素外,可能与该物种食性的狭窄化和营养贫乏导致牙齿不良钙化有关,是伴随巨猿体型的巨型化而趋向该物种衰退和绝灭的病理表征之一。 相似文献
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Zhao Zikui Zhang Wending 《古脊椎动物学报》1994,(2)
RecentlyanalysisoftheenamelprismpatterninanumberofNeogenehominoidsdocumentedthatdistinctdifferencesbetweenthevariantsofPatternⅢprismdoexistandseemtobeusedasataxonomicindicator(Gantt,1982,1983).However,becauseofinadequatesamplingandp0orlyunderstoodprocessesattheu1trastructural1evel,thevalue0fsuchstudieshastogainuniversalacceptabilityfordeterminingrelati0nshipinaconsistentandsystematic1nanner.Thereis0bviouslyconsiderablepotentia1interestinthestudyofename1prismpatternsandenamelmicr0structureinf… 相似文献
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ZHANG Li-zhao; ZHAO Ling-xia 《人类学学报》2013,32(03):365
Gigantopithecus blacki, a large Pleistocene hominoid from South China and Vietnam, is a very special taxon in any discussion of primate dietary proclivity and evolutionary phylogeny. In this study, 18 teeth of G. blacki, unworn or slightly-worn, are reconstructed using micro-CT in order to measure enamel thickness, and compared with extant and extinct humans and other primates.? We ?find ?that,? in? absolute? dimensions,? G. blacki has the thickest enamel thickness of any fossil or extant primates, while Paranthropus, early Homo and Ouranopithecus macedoniensis possess relatively closer values with it. With considerations of body and tooth size, the enamel measurements indicate that G. blacki belongs to a category of “thick-enamel” primate along with modern humans, Cebus, Australopithecus, East African Early Homo, Asian Homo erectus and some Miocene fossil apes (eg Proconsul nyanzae and Afropithecus turkanensis), but thinner than South African early Homo, Paranthropus and Ouranopithecus macedoniensis. The extremely thick enamel of G. blacki molars are evidently well used for grinding and crushing for a long period. The dietary proclivities may primarily focus on tough or fibrous vegetation. Human ancestors probably have thick enamel. G. blacki may be a side branch of hominids during the evolution. Meanwhile, G. blacki can be also evolved from one branch of Miocene fossil ape whose teeth enamel is thick. The thick enamel, common characteristic of G. blacki and human, is the result of parallel evolution. 相似文献
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Robert S. Corruccini 《American journal of physical anthropology》1975,42(1):167-170
Multivariate analysis of measurements of the teeth and mandibles of Gigantopithecus species has been conducted, using several methods. Results indicate Gigantopithecus is an aberrant form, less related to australopithecines and gorillas than the latter are to each other. Gracile and robust australopithecines differ considerably more than do male and female gorillas. 相似文献
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Zhang Yinyun 《人类学学报》1987,6(03):175
Gigantopithecus teeth, 610 in total, from the cave at Liucheng were examined for evidence of hypoplasia. The teeth were observed under a low-power binocular microscope. The hypoplasia can be found on most types of posterior teeth, including the third molars. A high incidence (14. 3—17. 9%) is shown by a calculation on individual basis. The results suggest that the Gigantopithecus is as susceptible to enamel hypoplasia as australopithecines of South Africa.<br>Though there are many etiological factors responsible for hypoplasia, malnutrition seems to be a major one in the case of Gigantopithecus. This assumption follows from two facts: a high incidence of dental caries in Gigantopithecus (Woo, 1962) , and the coexistance of Gigantopithecus with Homo erecus (Zhang, 1985) . The facts imply a limitation in food types and a shortage in food sources, and a result in nutrition, malnutrition, could be expected in Gigan*opithecus. 相似文献