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1.
应用对虾白斑综合征病毒浙江分离株(WSSV-ZJ)人工口服感染实验动物模型克氏原螯虾,研究其在消化道组织和血淋巴细胞内分布及病理变化的特点。结果显示,在受感染濒死螯虾的胃、中肠和循环血淋巴中观察到大量病毒粒子,是病毒侵染的主要靶组织;此外,在肝胰腺组织的细胞中观察到少量病毒粒子。该病毒主要侵染结缔组织细胞、上皮细胞和循环血淋巴细胞等敏感细胞的细胞核。电镜和光镜观察及应用原位杂交检测表明,浙江株病毒粒子在螯虾体内的形态大小、分布特点和靶细胞组织的病理与其他地理株相似或相同。  相似文献   

2.
应用免疫电镜技术对14例胃癌手术切除标本进行胃癌及癌旁组织中癌胚抗原(CEA)超微结构水平分布的定位观察。结果表明,癌旁正常胃粘膜上皮细胞CEA含量很少,仅在表面微绒毛见到微弱的CEA分布;肠化上皮细胞CEA主要分布在吸收细胞的微绒毛及杯状细胞粘液颗粒之间;而胃癌细胞CEA除分布腔面微绒毛外,尚分布细胞侧面,基底面或整个胞膜,还见于胞浆内膜结构中。CEA在胃癌细胞与正常胃粘膜上皮及肠化上皮分布上的差异说明表面膜成份极性的丧失是上皮性肿瘤细胞的特征之一。CEA在胃癌细胞的分布异常可能导致恶性细胞某些生物学行为的变化。  相似文献   

3.
哮喘作为常见的呼吸性疾病之一,严重危害人类的健康,造成了严重的医疗负担。最新研究表明表皮生长因子受体 (Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR) 参与哮喘的发生发展。为构建靶向EGFR用于哮喘治疗的纳米粒子,通过基因工程方法将抗EGFR的单链抗体 (Single chain antibody fragment,scFv) 修饰在铁蛋白重链亚基 (Human ferritin H-chain,FTH1) N端,采用混合复性的方式成功构建anti EGFR scFv::FTH1/FTH1纳米粒子。通过透射电子显微镜对纳米粒子的结构进行分析,结果表明,纳米粒子可以自组装成中空笼状结构,粒径约为12 nm。采用SDS-PAGE对纯化后的纳米粒子进行半定量分析发现,亚基物质的量之比为FTH1︰anti EGFR scFv::FTH1=7︰3。在哮喘小鼠动物模型上发现Anti EGFR scFv::FTH1/FTH1纳米粒子能有效抑制哮喘小鼠肺组织中杯状细胞增生及粘液分泌,对胶原沉积纤维化也有一定抑制效果。这些研究为铁蛋白应用于哮喘的治疗提供了良好的基础。  相似文献   

4.
目的:对纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子与人肝癌细胞HepG-2及人正常肝细胞L02作用的生物学行为进行实验研究。方法:通过化学沉淀法制备粒径为10nm左右的纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子,观察其表征;将不同浓度纳米级Fe3O4粒子加入培养液分别与HepG-2混合培养检测凋亡坏死率;将相同浓度粒子分别与HepG-2和L02混合培养,对两者作用的差异进行动态观察比较。结果:纳米级Fe3O4磁性粒子能在肝癌细胞HepG-2细胞内稳定存在72小时以上,有良好的生物相容性;透射电镜观察到Fe3O4磁性粒子主要分布于细胞的溶酶体及吞噬泡内。共培养1小时后即有较多的纳米磁性粒子进入HepG-2内,而3小时后才见L02细胞内有少量的磁性粒子进入。结论:此实验结果为磁性纳米粒子与肿瘤细胞微观结构的作用提供了有意义的实验数据,并可能对应用磁性纳米粒子治疗恶性肿瘤提供有价值的依据。  相似文献   

5.
棉铃虫前肠和后肠上皮向内褶突甚深,肠腔狭小,甚至呈星芒状;中肠上皮排列整齐,肠腔始终很大。幼虫中肠具有围食膜。前肠环肌在外,纵肌在内;中、后肠环肌在内,纵肌在外。中肠上皮细胞有3类:柱状细胞、杯状细胞和再生细胞。柱状细胞是最基本的一类,大型,顶膜具有条纹边,电镜下为规则的象栅栏一般的散杆。杯状细胞为幼虫所特有,具有1条开口于肠腔的狭颈及很大的坛状中空部分,狭颈内及顶虞都具有微绒毛。再生细胞小型,或单个散生,或聚生。中肠的分泌形式为局部分泌。  相似文献   

6.
在漫长的进化过程中,生物系统中出现了多种多样的纳米粒子。其中铁蛋白纳米粒子广泛存在于所有生物体内,是参与生命活动的重要功能蛋白。近年来,铁蛋白自组装纳米粒子特殊的理化性质使其在生物医学领域应用中呈现出巨大的优势和应用前景。铁蛋白纳米笼的应用主要包括微量血清铁蛋白的临床检查、作为营养物质补充机体铁需求、纳米生物材料平台和纳米材料的生物呈递等。综述了铁蛋白纳米粒子在疾病诊断与治疗以及药物呈递与疫苗开发上的应用,并对铁蛋白纳米粒子在生物医学领域的应用前景进行展望。  相似文献   

7.
鲤鱼味蕾的分布及上皮解剖学的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
本文用光镜和扫描电镜对鲤鱼味蕾的形态和分布进行了研究,发现味蕾主要集中在头部,其中鳃耙和咽部分密度最大,揭示了味蕾分布与摄食行之间形态与功能的统一性,另外还对上皮层中杯状细胞和警戒物细胞的形态和分布进行了观察和分析。  相似文献   

8.
淀粉降解代谢与种子萌发、叶片光合作用、块茎和块根贮藏及肉质果实的发育密切相关。体外酶学实验普遍认为,β—淀粉酶是催化淀粉水解的重要酶之一,然而由于其在生活细胞中经常定位于叶绿体或质体之外,与淀粉基质在亚细胞水平上相互隔离,所以该酶在植物活体内的生理功能至今尚不清楚。我们最近首次发现,苹果果实生活细胞中的β-淀粉酶主要定位于质体内,与其淀粉基质居于同一亚细胞区域,但尚不清楚这一现象是否具有普遍性。本研究利用胶体金免疫电镜定位技术证明,甘薯块根生活细胞中的β-淀粉酶也是主要定位于质体内,围绕淀粉粒分布较多,其他亚细胞区域内β-淀粉酶分布很少,说明该酶主要分布于其功能区域。质体内胶体金分布密度随着块根发育的推进显著增加,但β-淀粉酶区隔于质体内的亚细胞分布特点在块根整个生长发育期没有变化。这些结果明确地展示出甘薯块根生活细胞中β-淀粉酶与其淀粉基质居于同一亚细胞区域内,为β-淀粉酶普遍参与植物生活细胞或贮藏器官生活细胞中的淀粉水解提供了证据。  相似文献   

9.
目的拟将尼罗红包裹入纳米制剂中,利用其荧光特性来考察纳米制剂在荷瘤鼠体内的肿瘤靶向性与组织分布情况。方法采用CCK-8法检测尼罗红纳米乳[NRNE(O)]对H1688的细胞毒性。建立BALB/c裸鼠肺癌模型,灌胃给予尼罗红混悬液(NRS)及NRNE(O),通过小动物活体成像系统观察其在荷瘤裸鼠中荧光强度的动态分布情况。结果 NRNE(O)具有较低的细胞毒性和良好的生物相容性,并且在体内的吸收量及肿瘤部位的蓄积量均高于NRS;NR在纳米制剂中能快速、稳定、清晰地反映纳米制剂在小鼠体内的动态分布情况。结论本研究中制备的NRNE(O)的稳定性好,为尼罗红作为示踪剂应用于纳米制剂在动物体内的研究提供了重要的研究手段。  相似文献   

10.
消化道细胞表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的功能鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:检测白蛋白启动子介导的Cre重组酶转基因小鼠Alb-Cre-2中Cre重组酶的组织分布及其在体内介导基因重组的作用。方法:将Alb-Cre小鼠与Smad4条件基因打靶小鼠交配,利用PCR对Cre重组酶介导重组的组织特异性进行检测;然后,将Alb-Cre-2转基因小鼠与ROSA26报告小鼠交配,利用LacZ染色对双转基因阳性子代小鼠进行检测。结果:PCR结果显示心、肺、胰、脑及消化道中Cre重组酶介导的Smad4基因发生重组;LacZ染色进一步表明Cre重组酶在肝细胞、胃壁细胞、空肠潘氏细胞、回肠杯状细胞、大肠杯状细胞、大肠柱状细胞及空泡细胞中特异性表达,并介导ROSA位点LoxP序列间的重组。结论:Alb-Cre-2转基因小鼠在消化道中具有一定的组织特异性,只在胃壁细胞、空肠潘氏细胞、回肠杯状细胞、大肠杯状细胞,大肠柱状细胞及空泡细胞等细胞类型中特异性表达,并能在体内成功地介导这些消化道上皮细胞基因组上LoxP位点间的重组,是一种研制在消化道特定细胞中特异性基因剔除小鼠的良好工具小鼠。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, antineoplastic activities of protein-conjugated silver sulfide nano-crystals with different shapes were described in detail. Transmission electron microscope analysis demonstrated that stable and well-disperse protein-conjugated silver sulfide nano-particles, nano-rods, and nano-wires could be prepared by aqueous chemistry method. The Fourier transform infrared spectrograph analysis indicated the strong coordination between silver sulfide surfaces and -OH and -NH groups in bovine serum albumin. The antineoplastic activities of protein-conjugated silver sulfide nano-crystals were examined by cell viability analysis, optical and electron microscopy methods. The results showed that nano-particles, nano-rods and nano-wires could inhibit the proliferations of human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and C6 glioma cells, and the activities were size-dependent.  相似文献   

12.
田郭顺  历娜  赵敏 《微生物学通报》2015,42(12):2426-2432
【目的】从聊城东昌湖湖水中分离纯化出一株可合成纳米磁性颗粒的菌株,将其命名为TZ-1。【方法】对该菌株进行形态学研究、分子生物学鉴定,将TZ-1菌株合成的纳米磁性颗粒进行提取纯化,并对菌体和纳米磁性颗粒进行透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察、扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)元素分析,对纳米磁性颗粒进行X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分析。【结果】经鉴定TZ-1属于伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.)。透射电镜下菌体为杆状,易聚集,有明显的单生鞭毛,有荚膜,在TEM下观察菌体内部有两种电子致密颗粒,较小颗粒分布在菌体细胞膜附近,近似多边形,大小约为60 nm,较大颗粒分布在菌体内部,大小约为180 nm,表面有膜包裹。扫描电镜(SEM)下细胞为杆状,大小与TEM下测量结果一致。SEM下对磁性颗粒进行元素分析,主要为Fe、P、O。根据TEM、SEM、XRD结果推测菌体可合成纳米磁性颗粒。【结论】分离纯化出的菌株TZ-1可合成纳米磁性颗粒,磁性颗粒X射线衍射结果分析知TZ-1合成的纳米磁性颗粒为单斜晶体,主要成分为Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O和Fe3O4。  相似文献   

13.
Effects of irradiation on intestinal cells in vivo and in vitro   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The effects of irradiation on intestinal epithelial cells were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo study was carried out on the rat small intestine and for the in vitro study the intestinal crypt cell-line IEC-6 was used. Rat intestine and IEC-6 cells were irradiated with X-ray doses ranging between 1-16 Gy. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used for detection of the elemental changes in the cells. Cell morphology was investigated in the scanning electron microscope, DNA-synthesis by autoradiography of 3H-thymidine incorporating nuclei and proliferation by cell counting. Our results indicate that in vivo, in the crypt cells, the increasing doses of irradiation led to increased sodium and lowered potassium and phosphorus concentrations. Corresponding ion shifts were found in the irradiated IEC-6 cells. Cells continued to proliferate up to the dose of 8 Gy, although the proliferation rate became lower with increasing dose of irradiation. The increasing dose of irradiation significantly reduced DNA-synthesis (16 Gy decreased DNA-synthesis by 50%) which resulted in a complete inhibition of cell proliferation. Analysis of goblet cells also showed characteristic radiation-dependent elemental changes. Scanning electron microscopical investigation of cells in culture revealed that most of the control cells were flat and had rather smooth cell membranes. Irradiation led to the appearance of numerous different membrane manifestations (microvilli of varying length and distribution, and blebs). Frequency of differences in the topology of the cells was related to the dose of irradiation. Our study clearly demonstrates that even low doses of irradiation cause changes in the ionic composition of the cells and inhibit DNA-synthesis and cell proliferation. The effects observed in the crypt cells in vivo were the same as in the intestinal cell line in vitro, which indicates that IEC-6 cells can be used for investigation of side effects of radiation to the abdomen.  相似文献   

14.
Summary A serine protease, ingobsin, that cleaves Lys-x and Arg-x, has been purified from rat duodenal tissue. By immunohistochemical methods, the enzyme was localized in goblet cells in the small intestine of rat, pig, and man. The immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the proximal part of the intestine. In the electron microscope, the immunoreaction was localized mainly to the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the goblet cells and to the secretion being extruded from the cells.  相似文献   

15.
Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the intestinal bulb and the caudal portion of the intestine proper of the goldfish, Carassius auratus . The observations made correlated well with previous light microscope studies by other investigators. The mucosal surface of the entire intestine of the goldfish is thrown up into folds, which are oriented along the long axis of the digestive tract in the intestinal bulb, but run more or less transversely in the caudal intestine. Tops of the folds were observed to be rounded or flattened, and the folds themselves formed wavy or zigzagging patterns in the mucosal surface. Numerous mucus-secreting goblet cells were seen, which were apparently more numerous or more active in the caudal intestine than in the intestinal bulb. The goblet cells are not uniformly distributed throughout the mucosa: they are more evident on the sides of the folds, although occasionally they appear to be located in clusters on the tips.
The goblet cells were observed to contain varying amounts of mucous material, and/or to be of different sizes. Although no histochemical tests were performed, the possibility that digestive enzymes known to be present in the intestine may be elaborated by the goblet cells was considered, based on their variable appearance.  相似文献   

16.
Locating areas of interest by electron microscopy can be laborious. This is particularly true for electron tomography, where the use of thicker sections may obscure relevant details in the projection images. We evaluated the applicability of fluorescent probes to thin plastic sections, in combination with fluorescence microscopy, as an aid in selecting areas for subsequent electron microscopic analysis. We show that pre-embedding labeling of DNA and RNA with acridine orange yielded a predominant nuclear stain. The stain greatly reduced the time needed to scan sections for mitotic cells, or cells with characteristic nuclei such as neutrophils. Post-embedding labeling with SYTOX green yielded a nuclear stain comparable to acridine orange, and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 labeled mucous granules and the Golgi area in intestinal goblet cells. The fluorescent labels were visualized directly on sections on electron microscope grids. It was therefore possible to establish a coordinate system based on the position of the grid bars, allowing for easy retrieval of selected areas. Because the fluorescent probes were incompatible with osmium tetroxide treatment, contrast in the sections was faint. We propose a simplified electron tomography procedure for the generation of 2D views with enhanced contrast and resolution.  相似文献   

17.
Recently, 3D small intestinal organoids (enteroids) have been developed from cultures of intestinal stem cells which differentiate in vitro to generate all the differentiated epithelial cell types associated with the intestine and mimic the structural properties of the intestine observed in vivo. Small‐molecule drug treatment can skew organoid epithelial cell differentiation toward particular lineages, and these skewed enteroids may provide useful tools to study specific epithelial cell populations, such as goblet and Paneth cells. However, the extent to which differentiated epithelial cell populations in these skewed enteroids represent their in vivo counterparts is not fully understood. This study utilises label‐free quantitative proteomics to determine whether skewing murine enteroid cultures toward the goblet or Paneth cell lineages results in changes in abundance of proteins associated with these cell lineages in vivo. Here, proteomics data confirms that skewed enteroids recapitulate important features of the in vivo gut environment, demonstrating that they can serve as useful models for the investigation of normal and disease processes in the intestine. Furthermore, comparison of mass spectrometry data with histology data contained within the Human Protein Atlas identifies putative novel markers for goblet and Paneth cells.  相似文献   

18.
Tracheal epithelium: cell kinetics and differentiation in normal rat tissue   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Abstract. The fate of [3H]thymidine ([3H]Tdr) pulse-labelled cells was followed in tracheal epithelium of young male rats. The time course for cell differentiation, and the relation of events to tissue composition were studied. In vivo labelling and light microscope autoradiography of epoxy embedded sections were used. Labelled and total nuclei for each cell type, and combinations of labelled cells which were adjacent to one another, were tallied. Hierarchical analyses of variance were performed on the several data sets. All cell types, except ciliated, were labelled at 1 hr. A few labelled ciliated cells were seen 24 hr post-label. The frequency of labelled intermediate cells peaked at day 2; goblet and ciliated cells at day 3. No significant changes occurred in the labelling index, but at 24 hr the frequency of adjacent labelled cells (ALC) had increased > 5-fold, and changes had occurred in patterns of ALC combinations. The labelled ciliated cells which were seen at 24 hr were adjacent to labelled intermediate cells. No labelled basal-ciliated cell combinations were seen at any time. Data indicated that ciliated cells can develop from S-phase intermediate cells within 24 hr, and neither basal nor superficial goblet cells are progenitors of ciliated cells. It is proposed that both superficial goblet cell and ciliated cell development is preceded by two divisions: a basal cell division followed by an intermediate cell division.  相似文献   

19.
Metabolism and analysis of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the monkey   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
Predominant hepatobiliary elimination from blood and subsequent enterohepatic circulation of cysteinyl leukotrienes is demonstrated in the monkey Macaca fascicularis. From intravenous [3H]leukotriene C4, about 40% were recovered as metabolites in bile and about 20% in urine within 5 h. [3H]Leukotriene E4 was a predominant metabolite of defined structure in blood plasma, bile, and urine. From intraduodenal [3H]leukotriene C4, about 5% were recovered as metabolites in bile and about 8% in urine within 8 h. Endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes generated in vivo were measured after implantation of a subcutaneously looped biliary bypass. Tapping of the loop allowed access to bile and prevented interference by leukotrienes produced by surgical trauma (Denzlinger, C., Rapp, S., Hagmann, W., and Keppler, D. (1985) Science 230, 330-332). Endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes were analyzed in bile, urine, and blood plasma by the sequential use of high-performance liquid chromatography and a radioimmunoassay that was optimized for leukotriene E4 as a predominant metabolite detected in the tracer studies. Biliary leukotriene E4 rose from less than 0.2 to 9 nmol/liter, when leukotriene synthesis was elicited in anesthesized monkeys by staphylococcal enterotoxin B administered intragastrically. This study provides an approach to the analysis of cysteinyl leukotrienes in primates and serves to define the role of these mediators under pathophysiological as well as physiological conditions in vivo.  相似文献   

20.
PANETH AND GOBLET CELL RENEWAL IN MOUSE DUODENAL CRYPTS   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
Proliferation of Paneth and goblet cells of mouse duodenal crypts was studied by high resolution light microscope radioautography. In one group of mice, blood levels of thymidine-3H were sustained for up to 12 hr by repeated injections of isotope to facilitate identification of proliferating cells. In these animals, many goblet cell nuclei incorporated thymidine-3H whereas only 1 of 6261 tabulated Paneth cells was labeled. Cells intermediate in structure between undifferentiated and goblet cells and between undifferentiated and Paneth cells were identified and their light and electron microscopic features are described. A significant number of these "intermediate" cells incorporated thymidine-3H into their nuclei. Another group of mice received a single injection of thymidine-3H. These animals were killed 4 hr to 29 days after isotope administration. Goblet cells and intermediate cells with labeled nuclei were identified 4 hr after thymidine-3H but could not be seen after 15 days. In contrast, Paneth cells with labeled nuclei were not observed until 24 hr after thymidine-3H but were still present at 29 days, long after labeled undifferentiated, goblet, and intermediate cells had disappeared. We conclude that differentiated Paneth cells in mouse duodenum do not normally proliferate, but, instead, arise by differentiation from undifferentiated crypt cells or from intermediate cells. Moreover, once formed, Paneth cells persist in crypts for a prolonged period. In contrast, intermediate cells and crypt goblet cells proliferate actively and are less stable cell populations than differentiated Paneth cells. The precise function of the intermediate cells is not known, but they may represent transition forms between undifferentiated cells and the more matrure secretory cells. Damage of crypt epithelial cells, thought to be due to radiation effects, was evident in both groups of mice.  相似文献   

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