盐分对碱蓬幼苗离子含量,甜菜碱水平和BADH活性的效应

研究了盐生植物碱蓬（Ｓｕａｅｄａ ｓａｌｓａ）生长在不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ溶液中体内Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ 含量、甜菜碱水平和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（ＢＡＤＨ）活性的动态变化。ＮａＣｌ处理９６ 小时后,碱蓬地上部Ｋ＋ 含量低于对照,而Ｎａ＋ 明显高于对照,并分别随外界盐度增加而升、降;ＫＣｌ处理的植株,Ｋ＋ 、Ｎａ＋ 含量变化与ＮａＣｌ处理的相反;甜菜碱水平和ＢＡＤＨ 活性随外界ＮａＣｌ浓度增加而升高,甜菜碱水平随处理时间延长而增大,ＫＣｌ对甜菜碱水平和ＢＡＤＨ 活性的效应类似ＮａＣｌ。证明ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ均能促进盐生植物碱蓬体内甜菜碱的积累,初步证明ＢＡＤＨ 与甜菜碱的积累有关     

甜菜碱对NaCl胁迫下小麦细胞保护酶活性的影响

本文以小麦为材料,研究甜菜碱对ＮａＣｌ胁迫下小麦幼苗细胞保护酶系统的影响。结果表明,外源甜菜碱能够提高ＮａＣｌ胁迫下小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等细胞保护酶的活性,抑制过氧化作用产物丙二醛的积累,降低叶片质膜透性和盐害对细胞膜的伤害。所有这些变化都有利于提高ＮａＣｌ胁迫下小麦幼苗细胞膜的稳定性、完整性和对ＮａＣｌ胁迫的适应性     

干旱和盐胁迫诱导甜菜叶中的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶的积累

应用双向免疫扩散方法测定表明,甜菜叶片的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶能与菠菜的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶抗体发生交叉反应。渗透势－０．６５￣－２．６ＭＰａ的甘露醇溶液或２００～３００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ溶液,诱导甜茶叶片甜菜碱醛脱氢酶积累明显增加。     

盐度和CO2倍增环境下碱蓬幼苗呼吸酶活性的变化

研究了生长在正常大气ＣＯ２和ＣＯ２倍增环境中的盐生植物碱蓬（Ｓｕａｅｄａｓａｌｓａ）幼苗呼吸酶活性对ＫＣｌ和ＮａＣｌ的反应．结果表明,在ＣＯ２倍增（７００μｌ·Ｌ－１）和正常大气ＣＯ２（３５０μｌ·Ｌ－１）下,３００ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＣｌ和ＮａＣｌ均能抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性,而异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＤＨ）活性为ＮａＣｌ抑制、ＫＣｌ促进;ＮａＣｌ和ＫＣｌ明显抑制细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＯ）和光呼吸中乙醇酸氧化酶（ＧＯ）、羟基丙酮酸还原酶（ＨＰＲ）活性;并指出在ＫＣｌ胁迫下,ＣＯ２使三羧酸循环（ＴＣＡＣ）的运行变慢,ＮａＣｌ胁迫下使其加快,ＴＣＡＣ运行限速步骤与ＭＤＨ无关,ＣＯ为盐对呼吸代谢影响的重要位点．另外,Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋对蛋白表达的影响有差异,ＣＯ２可使盐胁迫下的碱蓬幼苗蛋白表达降低．     

NaCl对水稻谷氨酸合酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的胁迫作用

在ＮａＣｌ的胁迫下,水稻幼苗根和叶的谷氨酸合酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性随着营养液中的ＮａＣｌ浓度的升高而降低;游离ＮＨ４＾＋在叶中积累,在根中未见明显变化。与根相比,叶对ＮａＣｌ的胁迫作用更为敏感。叶的ＮＡＤＨ－ＧＯＧＡＴ和ＮＡＤＨ－ＧＤＨ活性在ＮａＣｌ胁迫降低的程度明显大于根。无论是否有ＮａＣｌ存在,根的ＮＡＤＨ－ＧＤＨ活性明显高于叶。ＧＳ／ＧＤＨ比值分析提示,对对照下,根中的ＮＨ４＾存在,根的ＮＡ     

干旱和盐胁迫诱导甜菜叶中的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶的积累

应用双向免疫扩散方法测定表明,甜菜叶片的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶能与菠菜的甜菜碱醛脱氢酶抗体发生交叉反应,渗透势－０．６５～－２．６ＭＰａ的甘露醇溶液或２００～３００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ溶液,诱导甜菜叶片甜菜碱醛脱氢酶积累明显增加。     

盐分胁迫条件下甜菜碱对小麦幼苗体内Na+、K+和Cl-的含量及其分布的影响

以抗盐品种茶淀红和盐敏感品种中国春等两种小麦为实验材料,研究甜菜碱对盐分胁迫条件下小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）幼苗Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃｌ－的吸收、分配的影响。结果表明：外源甜菜碱能够在一定程度上限制幼苗对Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－的吸收,阻滞其向地上部分运输的数量和速度,同时提高体内Ｋ＋含量、向上运输效率,降低地上部分对Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋的选择性（ＳＮａ＋、Ｋ＋）,从而提高小麦幼苗抗盐性和对盐分胁迫的适应性。     

NaCl胁迫高粱根,叶鞘和叶片液泡膜ATP酶和焦磷酸酶活性的影响

ＮａＣｌ胁迫初期,Ｎａ＾＋主要在根和叶鞘中积上应地,根和叶鞘液泡膜ＡＴＰ酶和焦磷酸酶水解活性、依赖ＡＴＰ和ＰＰｉ的质子泵活性及Ｎａ＾＋／Ｈ＾＋逆向转运活性均明显增加,根和叶鞘的生长没有受到抑制。ＮａＣｌ胁迫后期,Ｎａ＾＋开始向地上部分运输并在叶片中积累,此时,叶片液泡膜质子泵和Ｎａ＾＋／Ｈ＾＋逆向转运活性开始增加,根和叶鞘的Ｎａ／Ｋ比增加,其液泡膜ＡＴＰ酶和焦磷酸水解活性、质子泵活性和Ｎａ＾＋／Ｈ     

盐分胁迫条件下甜菜碱对小麦幼苗体内Na^＋,K^＋和Cl^—的含量及 …

以抗盐品种茶淀红和盐敏感品种中国春等两种小麦为实验材料,研究甜菜碱对盐分胁迫条件下小麦幼苗Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｃｌ＾－的吸收、分配的影响。结果表明：外源甜菜碱能够在一定程度上限制幼苗对Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｃｌ＾－的吸收、分配的影响。结果表明：外源甜菜碱能够在一定程度上限制幼苗对Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃｌ＾－的吸收,阻滞其向地上部分运输的数量和速度,同时提高体内Ｋ＾＋含量、向上运输效率,降低地上部分对Ｎａ＾＋、Ｋ＾     

钾抑制盐生植物生长的生理基础研究

盐生植物碱蓬中亚滨藜和补血草幼苗用不同浓度ＫＣｌ和等渗的ＮａＣｌ处理,结果表明,１００－５００和１００－４００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ对它们的有面士重和净光合率产生明显抑制作用,证明Ｋ＾＋可抑制盐生植物生长并与光合速率降低有关。１００－４００ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ降低幼苗Ｎａ＾＋而增大Ｋ＾＋含量,对细胞渗透势和渗透调节能力基本不起作用,证明Ｋ＾＋抑制生长与植物体渗透调节物质Ｎａ＾＋不足以及高浓度的Ｋ＾＋对细     

Protective Effect of Betaine on Respiratory Enzymes

Effects of betaine and NaC1 in various concentrations on the activities of enzymes in tricarboxylic acid cycle (isocitric dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and fumarase), terminal oxidation (cytochrome oxidase) and photorespiratory pathway (glycolate oxidase and hydroxypyruvate reductase) have been studied. Betaine, in contrast to electolyte NaC1 was non-inhibitory to these enzymes up to 500 mmol/L. Partial protection against NaC1 inhibition to the activities of these enzymes were afforded by betaine. These results were consistent with the postulated role of betaine in cytoplasmic osmoregulation. These results showed that betaine was a superior compatible solute.     

CO2／盐冲击对小麦幼苗呼吸酶活性的影响

以不同抗盐小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.)为材料 ,研究了 CO2 /盐冲击对幼苗生长状况、叶绿素含量、光呼吸和三羧酸循环 (TCAC)关键酶活性的影响。结果表明 :Na Cl抑制小麦生长 ,而 CO2 促进生长 ,这种效应盐处理植株比非盐处理植株明显 ;Na Cl降低叶绿素含量 ,CO2 可使其轻微提高 ;盐对普通小麦TCAC中的异柠檬酸脱氢酶 (IDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (MDH)和光呼吸中的乙醇酸氧化酶 (GO)、羟基丙酮酸还原酶 (HPR)有刺激作用 ,CO2 则抑制它们的活性。抗盐小麦对 CO2 /盐冲击的反应与普通小麦有差别。结果可以说明 ,CO2 能够减轻 Na Cl对植物的毒害效应     

Changes of Photosystem Ⅱ and Respiratory Enzyme Activity in Transgenic Tobacco Enriched BADH Gene

The transient characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence induction, the activities of respiratory enzymes (malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenese, suecinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase) and the activities of photorespiratory enzymes (hydroxypyruvate reductase, glycolate oxidase and catalase) in the transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ), in which betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene had been introduced, were determined and compared with the parent plants. The results showed that the Fy/Fo, Fv/Fm and Fd/Fs of the transgenic plant had no changes; the activities of ma]ate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase in tricarboxylic acid cycle had a slight increase, and the activity of eytochrome C oxidase in the terminal oxidative pathway had a significant increase. The activities of hydroxypyruvate reductase, glycol]ic oxidase and catalase in the photorespiratory pathway had a marked increase. The possible significance on these changes was discussed.     

转BADH基因烟草的光系统Ⅱ和呼吸酶活性变化

测定了导入甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（ＢＡＤＨ） 基因烟草（ Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍ Ｌ．） 植株的叶绿素荧光诱导瞬变特性、呼吸酶和光呼吸酶的活性,并与亲本植株比较。结果表明,转基因植株的Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ 、Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 和Ｆｄ／Ｆｓ 没有明显的变化;三羧酸循环中的苹果酸脱氢酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性略有增加;末端氧化的细胞色素氧化酶活性明显提高;光呼吸途径中的羟基丙酮酸还原酶、乙醇酸氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性明显提高。对这些变化的可能意义进行了讨论。     

Responses of Ceriops Roxburghiana to NaCl Stress

Responses of Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. leaves to the sodium chloride, applied at different concentrations (ranging from 100 to 600 mM), has been evaluated. Total amino acid content decreased with increasing NaCl concentration, while the protein content increased significantly up to 400 mM concentration and decreased thereafter. Total sugar content decreased at concentrations beyond 400 mM. Proline and glycine betaine were accumulated with increasing NaCl concentration. Protease and ATPase activities were increased whereas proline oxidase activity were decreased with increasing salinity. Peroxidase and malate dehydrogenase (NADH-MDH) activities did not significantly differ under various NaCl concentrations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Enhanced stress tolerance in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana tabacum expressing a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase/choline dehydrogenase fusion protein

In Escherichia coli the osmoprotective compound glycine betaine is produced from choline by two enzymes; choline dehydrogenase (CDH) oxidizes choline to betaine aldehyde and then further on to glycine betaine, while betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) facilitates the conversion of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. To evaluate the importance of BADH, a BADH/CDH fusion enzyme was constructed and expressed in E. coli and in Nicotiana tabacum. The fusion enzyme displayed both enzyme activities, and a coupled reaction could be measured. The enzyme was characterized regarding molecular weight and the dependence of the enzyme activities on environmental factors (salt, pH, and poly(ethylene glycol) addition). At high choline concentrations, E. coli cells expressing BADH/CDH were able to grow to higher final densities and to accumulate more glycine betaine than cells expressing CDH only. The intracellular glycine betaine levels were almost 5-fold higher for BADH/CDH when product concentration was related to CDH activity. Also, after culturing the cells at high NaCl concentrations, more glycine betaine was accumulated. On medium containing 20 mM choline, transgenic tobacco plants expressing BADH/CDH grew considerably faster than vector-transformed control plants.     

Formation and role of glycine betaine in the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola

The moderate halophile Vibrio costicola, growing on a chemically-defined medium, transformed choline into glycine betaine (betaine) by the membrane-bound enzyme choline dehydrogenase and the cytoplasmic enzyme betainal (betaine aldehyde) dehydrogenase. Choline dehydrogenase was strongly induced and betainal dehydrogenase less strongly induced by choline. The formation of these enzymes was also regulated by the NaCl concentration of the growth medium, increasing with increasing NaCl concentrations. Intracellular betaine concentrations also increased with increasing choline and NaCl concentrations in the medium. This increase was almost completely blocked by chloramphenicol, which does not block the increase in salt-tolerant active transport on transfer from a low to a high salt concentration.Choline dehydrogenase was inhibited by chloride salts of Na⁺, K⁺, and NH _inf4 ^su+ , the inhibition being due to the Cl^- ions. Betainal dehydrogenase was stimulated by 0.5 M salts and could function in up to 2.0 M salts.Cells grew as well in the presence as in the absence of choline in 0.5 M and 1.0 M NaCl, but formed no intracellular betaine. Choline stimulated growth in 2.0 M NaCl and was essential for growth in 3.0 M NaCl. Thus, while betaine is important for some of the adaptations to high salt concentration by V. costicola, it by no means accounts for all of them.Abbreviations CDMM chemically-defined minimal medium - PPT proteose-peptone tryptone medium - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate Deceased, 1987     

甜菜碱对NaCl胁迫下小麦细胞保护酶活性的影响

本文以小麦为材料,研究甜菜碱对NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗细胞保护酶系统的影响。结果表明,外源甜菜碱能够提高NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等细胞保护酶的活性,抑制过氧化作用产物丙二醛的积累,降低叶片质膜透性和盐害对细胞膜的伤害。所有这些变化都有利于提高NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗细胞膜的稳定性、完整性和对NaCl胁迫的适应性。