桔小实蝇综合防治技术的初步研究

有关桔小实蝇Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)种群控制技术的研究,国外有不少成功防治的实例。而在国内,南方的桔小实蝇发生地区,尽管农业防治、化学防治和物理防治等方面,均做了大量研究工作,但因作物种类多,土地分散种植,很难做到隔离措施,不育蝇释放     

光照对除虫菊素触杀毒力的影响

采用药膜法测定了不同光照条件下天然除虫菊素对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)成虫的触杀毒力,试图通过毒力的变化来明确除虫菊素用于防治桔小实蝇成虫的光稳定性.测定结果表明,天然除虫菊素在室内(平均光强25.00±0.53 KLux)条件下对桔小实蝇成虫仍表现出较好的触杀毒力,其LC50为3...     

云南蒙自桔小实蝇寄主种类和枇杷园内桔小实蝇成虫种群动态及其影响因子

桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)是水果和蔬菜上的重要害虫。2014年1—12月对云南蒙自市不同果园和菜地桔小实蝇进行调查并室内饲养观察,结果表明,桔小实蝇在蒙自市为害8科19属20种的瓜果蔬菜,且对枇杷、桃、枣、番石榴、杧果和洋蒲桃等水果为害较为严重;从田间采集受害寄主果实进行单果培养,收集到实蝇共计4种,分别为桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇(Bactrocera cucuribitae)、南亚实蝇(Bactrocera tau)和辣椒实蝇(Bactrocera latifrons)。桔小实蝇在蒙自全年均可为害,且世代重叠。枇杷园内,进入5月后,桔小实蝇种群数量逐渐增加,至8月份达到高峰期,最大诱捕量为(362.27±16.68)头·瓶-1,10月以后其种群数量迅速下降,至12月种群数量最低(6.14±3.06)头·瓶-1。多种气象因子互相作用影响桔小实蝇种群数量变动,其中月平均气温、月极端最低温度、月雨日数和平均日照时数是影响桔小实蝇种群数量变动的主要因素。     

桔小实蝇对五种芒果气味挥发性物质的行为反应

为了探究寄主气味挥发物对桔小实蝇行为的影响,本研究应用Y型嗅觉仪测定了桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)成虫对5种芒果气味挥发性物质(乙酸乙酯,α-蒎稀,异松油烯,3-蒈烯和石竹烯)及5种物质混合物的行为反应。结果表明,桔小实蝇雌、雄虫对5种物质及5种物质混合物的行为反应无显著性差异。结果还揭示,桔小实蝇成虫对乙酸乙酯有明显的趋性反应,对异松油烯有明显的忌避反应,而对α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、石竹烯和5种物质的混合物均没有明显的行为定向反应。说明桔小实蝇成虫对芒果不同气味挥发物的行为反应存在差别,这可为研发桔小实蝇成虫防治新方法提供基础信息。     

基于性信息诱捕监测广东桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇发生动态及其对2种常用农药的抗药性评价

利用性信息素诱捕的方法对广东省茂名、佛山、梅州和韶关的桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)和瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)种群动态进行监测;并用药膜法测定了两种实蝇不同地理种群成虫对阿维菌素和甲维盐的抗药性情况。结果表明,桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇在所监测的4个地市全年均有发生,桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇种群数量发生高峰期集中在5月中旬至8月中旬,从4月中旬开始田间种群数量开始增加,10月中旬以后种群数量急剧下降,高峰期与果实成熟期基本吻合。抗药性监测结果表明,桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇对阿维菌素和甲维盐的抗药性有逐年上升趋势,广东4个地市桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇已对阿维菌素产生中等抗性水平;2019年11月监测梅州地区桔小实蝇种群和韶关瓜实蝇种群对甲维盐抗性倍数分别为4.32和3.42倍,仍处于敏感水平,其余地区种群对甲维盐均达到了低水平或中等水平抗性。     

桔小实蝇的研究进展

桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是一种世界性检疫害虫,在我国属于二类检疫害虫。桔小实蝇可危害250多种水果和蔬菜。文章综述了桔小实蝇的危害、分类鉴定、生物学和生态学等的研究进展,并对桔小实蝇的防治措施进行了探讨。     

桔小实蝇成虫诱杀试验初报

目前 ,国内外在监测和防治桔小实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera)dorsalis (Hendel)方面 ,主要采用两类引诱剂 ,即化学合成引诱剂和食物诱饵。化学合成引诱剂如 :性引诱剂甲基丁香酚(methyleugenol) ;食物诱饵如 :水解蛋白 (又称蛋白诱饵 ) ,二者可混合有机磷杀虫剂马拉硫磷置于专用诱捕器 (Steine和Mcphail)进行田间诱杀。各种综合防治措施中 ,诱杀桔小实蝇成虫 ,与化学药剂保果相比 ,具有经济、安全、无公害的优点 ,能达到控制田间虫口密度 ,减轻为害 ,因而得到了广泛应用。方法主要是田间悬挂性引诱剂 (methyleugenol)诱捕器诱杀雄虫 ,以及…     

三种常见实蝇的形态学、生物学和生态学比较

对瓜实蝇Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax (Enderlein)、桔小实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel)和桔大实蝇Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)的形态学、生物学、生态学等方面进行了比较和分析,包括三种实蝇在国内外的分布情况,对寄主选择的差异,各种虫态的形态特征,发育历期和生活史,并对它们的危害状况和防治方法分别作了介绍,可为3种实蝇的鉴定和防治提供参考.     

桔小实蝇抗多杀霉素的生物适合度代价

桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis ( Hendel) 是中国南方地区果蔬重要害虫之一,严重威胁农业生产。多杀霉素是防治桔小实蝇的重要药剂之一,近年来由于在农业生产中大量使用,田间防治效果已有所下降,已出现了抗药性现象。为明确桔小实蝇对多杀霉素的抗药性发展规律,本研究比较了桔小实蝇敏感品系和抗性品系的发育、生殖和存活差异。结果显示：抗多杀霉素桔小实蝇品系具有死亡率增加、部分虫态发育历期延长和繁殖力下降等适合度代价。抗性品系的内禀增长率由0.19下降至0.15,相对适合度降至0.62,表明桔小实蝇对多杀霉素存在较低的抗性风险。     

桔小实蝇在番石榴上的防治指标研究

番石榴是桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)主要寄主之一,受桔小实蝇为害严重,经济损失大。为指导番石榴园桔小实蝇的防治,本文在建立番石榴被害率(y)、产量损失率(y)与桔小实蝇雄虫数量(x)的回归方程基础上,提出了番石榴园桔小实蝇的防治指标。夏果期和秋果期番石榴被害率(y)与桔小实蝇雄虫诱集数量(x)间回归方程分别为:y=0.680x+1.951和y=0.736x+0.535;产量损失率(y)与雄虫诱集数量(x)之间的回归方程:y=0.697x+2.457和y=0.730x+1.831;产量损失率(y)与番石榴被害率(x)的回归方程:y=1.115x+0.638和y=0.998x+1.756。提出的番石榴上桔小实蝇的防治指标如下:(1)以性诱剂诱集的雄虫数量为标准,对于采取喷药结合性诱剂防治的果园,夏果期和秋果期桔小实蝇防治指标分别为0.97头/瓶/4 d和2.97头/瓶/4 d;对于采取套袋防治措施的果园,夏果期和秋果期桔小实蝇防治指标分别为4.75头/瓶/4 d和5.01头/瓶/4 d;(2)以番石榴被害率为标准,对于采取套袋防治措施的果园,夏果期和秋果期防治指标分别为5.18%和4.22%;对于采取喷药结合性诱剂防治的果园,防治指标分别为2.61%和2.72%。     

利用微卫星标记初步分析橘小实蝇4个地理种群的遗传多态性

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Bactrocera)(Hendel)是我国重要的检疫性害虫,对果蔬生产及其国际贸易造成很大影响。作者运用微卫星分子标记技术,用6对微卫星引物对采自我国福建、广东、云南3个地区及邻近国越南橘小实蝇种群间的遗传关系进行了初步分析,结果显示上述4个橘小实蝇地理种群间存在一定的遗传差异,地理隔离是造成这一差异的主要原因。     

云南河口县桔小实蝇生物学特性及防治

桔小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis (Hendel)在河口 1年发生 5代 ,世代重叠 ,5～ 8月为害虫发生盛期 ,以第 2和第 3代幼虫发生期对当地果蔬作物的危害最重。室内 1 8～ 30℃条件下 ,成虫日羽化高峰发生在上午 9:0 0～ 1 0 :0 0 ,卵、幼虫和蛹的历期随着温度的升高而缩短。成虫取食喜选成熟芒果的汁液。提出了防治此害虫的主要措施。     

Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) is a nonpest member of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex offering a platform to check hypotheses extrapolated from the more studied pest species. Six polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from enriched genomic libraries constructed using a biotin/streptavidin capture protocol. Allele number varied between three and nine; the expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.29 and 0.81. No significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or linkage disequilibrium were found. These microsatellite markers have potential to be used to examine population structure and mating systems in this tropical fruit fly.     

First detection of the fruit fly Bactrocera synnephes (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Iriomote Island, south-western Japan

Bactrocera synnephes, a fruit fly species common in Taiwan, was first detected in Japan in 2006, when several male adults were trapped at Kanokawa, an uninhabited coastal area of Iriomote Island, Okinawa (200 km from Taiwan). To examine potential colonization by B. synnephes, we collected fruit of the wild gourd Diplocyclos palmatus (Cucurbitaceae), a host of the fruit fly, as well as other cucurbitaceous species, in Kanokawa and other areas of Iriomote Island. No B. synnephes infestation was found on any cucurbitaceous plants. Based on these results, we conclude that B. synnephes had very recently invaded Iriomote Island, possibly from Taiwan, but had failed to colonize. Bactrocera synnephes may have entered Iriomote Island by natural or human‐induced means, but a human‐induced invasion pathway is less likely in light of the non‐pest status of the species in Taiwan. The disappearance of B. synnephes from Iriomote Island may be related to the loss of host fruit as a result of tropical cyclones. Although B. synnephes is not regarded as a pest elsewhere, the pest status of the species is unclear in Okinawa, where no fruit fly pests currently attack commercial cucurbitaceous fruit. We must remain alert for possible re‐invasion by B. synnephes.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the newly discovered invasive fruit fly pest in Africa, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

We describe the isolation and characterization of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the recently discovered fruit fly pest, Bactrocera invadens. The polymorphism of these loci was tested in individual flies from two natural populations (Sri Lanka and Democratic Republic of Congo). Allele number per locus ranged from three to 15 and eight loci displayed a polymorphic information content greater than 0.5. These microsatellite loci provide useful markers for studies of population dynamics and invasion history of this pest species.     

Rapid identification of Bactrocera latifrons (Dipt., Tephritidae) by real-time PCR using SYBR Green chemistry

Abstract:  The solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), is a major agricultural pest in Asia and Hawaii, and it is important to prevent its widespread invasion in plant quarantine. In this study we introduced a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) essay, using SYBR Green I dye, to rapidly identify B. latifrons on an ABI PRISM 7700 sequence detection system. A latifron-specific PCR primer set was obtained based on mtDNA COI gene of B. latifrons . Nine Bactrocera fruit flies, B. latifrons , Bactrocera dorsalis , Bactrocera papayae , Bactrocera carambolae , Bactrocera philippinensis , Bactrocera occipitalis , Bactrocera correcta , Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera tau , were used to determine the specificity of primers lati1 and lati2. A series of genomic DNA dilutions of B. latifrons (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40 and 100 ng) were used to assess the sensitivity of the SYBR Green PCR. Template DNA concentration was one of the sources of variability in cycle threshold values (CT) and the optimum DNA concentration was between 1 and 20 ng. Genomic DNA isolated from larvae, pupae and adult specimens of B. latifrons were used to assess the specificity of the SYBR Green PCR. Melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis was employed to check the specificity of PCR products. Similar amplification plots were obtained using DNA from the three different stages of B. latifrons with primer set lati1/lati2. The melting temperature ( T _m) of PCR products was 77.5 ± 0.1°C, and the length of the amplified fragment 366 bp. Given the specificity and sensitivity of the assay, combined with high speed, low cost and the possibility of automating, SYBR Green PCR can be used as a rapid and specific technique for pest species identification in plant quarantine.     

Microsatellite analysis revealed a different approach of control of olive fly population (Bactrocera oleae) in Slovenia

The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Gmelin) is the most important olive pest in the north‐eastern Adriatic coast region. Despite the importance of olive production in the region, and the significance of the olive fruit fly, no information with respect to genetic diversity, population structure or dispersion patterns of this pest is available. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic structure of the olive fly population in the Slovenian Istria region using microsatellite markers to determine olive fruit fly migration between locations and to establish an appropriate and effective strategy for controlling the pest population. Analysis was performed on a sample of 117 flies, collected from attacked olive fruits at three different locations. Olive fruit flies were genotyped using eight microsatellite loci. Sixty‐six alleles were identified over all microsatellite loci with an average of 8.25 alleles per locus. The population structure was determined with methods based on Bayesian principles using the BAPS 6.0 and STRUCTURE 2.3 programs. Genetic analysis confirmed unlimited migration and random mating between individuals of different microlocations, which suggests time‐coordinated first treatment in the region would be the best solution.     

植物果实、颜色和形状对橘小实蝇产卵选择的影响

橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)是近几年入侵江苏南部地区,严重危害当地水果、蔬菜的重要害虫。为深入了解其在该地区果树、蔬菜上的产卵特性,进行植物果实、颜色和形状对其产卵选择影响的研究。实验室中"纸杯法"的产卵选择试验结果表明,橘小实蝇对不同水果的产卵偏好性由高到低依次为:柑橘、香蕉、芒果、枣、石榴、苹果、桃子、梨、李、葡萄、柿;对不同蔬菜的产卵偏好性由高到低依次为:丝瓜、豇豆、苦瓜、黄瓜、茄子、南瓜、青椒、番茄。对不同寄主颜色和形状的产卵选择特点为,雌虫常选择桔黄色、绿色,以及圆球形的寄主产卵,而较少选择黑色、方形的寄主产卵。从试验结果可以看出,寄主果实散发出的气味,及其颜色和形状对橘小实蝇的产卵选择有影响。     

Effectiveness of plastic matrix lures and traps against Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae in Hawaii

Trapping trials were conducted in two locations on the island of Hawaii with plastic‐matrix formulations of methyl eugenol (ME) (1‐2‐dimethoxy‐4‐allylbenzene) and cuelure (CL) [4‐(p‐acetoxyphenyl)‐2‐butanone] in traps with or without a toxicant (2, 2‐dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, DDVP) against wild fly populations of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) respectively. Both 5 g disks and 10 g cones of ME and 2 g plugs of CL caught flies for >9 months which varied relative to the population fluctuations. In all of these trials a one‐way entrance design trap caught more flies than the toxicant‐baited trap. The similar‐sized entrance holes (0.70 cm) of the latter may have slowed the dispersal of the toxicant vapour, thus causing flies to be repelled or killed outside the entrance to the trap when DDVP vapour was evolving at a maximum rate. The effect decreased as the toxicant aged. One‐way entrance traps are appropriate where toxicant traps are not allowed (e.g. organic farms), present a health hazard (e.g. yards with children), or would need to be replaced more frequently than lures. The results of these studies are discussed in relation to areawide fruit fly suppression programs where large populations of these flies are persistent, as well as to detection programs in areas where fruit flies have not established.     

Influence of physico-chemical traits of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. on larval density and resistance to melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)

Abstract:  Melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is one of the most important pests of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. Because of the difficulties associated with chemical control of this pest, it is important to identify the traits associated with resistance and their influence on pest multiplication. There were significant differences in test genotypes for fruit infestation and larval density/fruit. The wild accessions, IC 256185, IC 248256, IC 213311, IC 248282, IC 256110 and IC 248281 were identified as resistance sources to melon fruit fly. There was a significant and positive correlation ( r  = 0.96) between percentage fruit infestation and larval density/fruit. Percentage fruit infestation and larval density/fruit were positively correlated with depth of ribs, flesh thickness, fruit diameter and fruit length, and negatively associated with fruit toughness. Flesh thickness and fruit diameter explained 93.0% of the total variation for fruit fly infestation, and flesh thickness and fruit length explained 76.3% of the variation for larval density/fruit. Ascorbic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars were negatively correlated, while the moisture content showed a positive association with fruit fly infestation and larval density/fruit. Moisture, potassium and reducing sugar content explained 97.4% of the total variation in fruit infestation, while moisture, phosphorus, protein, reducing and total sugars explained 85.7% variation for larval density/fruit.